抗微生物药物英文PPTAntimicrobial
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Figure 20.9
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
• Polypeptide antibiotics
– Bacitracin
• Topical application • Against gram-positives
– Gram-positives
• Binds 50S, prevents translocation
• Oxazolidinones
– Linezolid
• Gram-positives
– Binds 50S subunit, prevents formation of 70S ribosome
Figure 20.12
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
Figure 20.8
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
• Cephalosporins
– 2nd, 3rd, and 4th generations more effective against gramnegatives
Antibacterial Antibiotics Injury to the Plasma Membrane
• Polymyxin B
– Topical – Combined with bacitracin and neomycin in
– Changes shape of 30S subunit
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
• Tetracyclines
– Broad spectrum
• Interferes with tRNA attachment
• Chloramphenicol
– Broad spectrum
• Binds 50S subunit, inhibits peptide bond formation
• Aminoglycosides
– Streptomycin, neomycin, gentamycin
• Broad spectrum
Figure 20.2
The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs
Figure 20.4
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
•Penicillin
– Natural penicillins – Semisynthetic penicillins
– Isoniazid (INH)
• Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
– Ethambutol
• Inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
– Vancomycin
• Glycopeptide • Important "last line" against antibiotic resistant
S. aureus
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
• Antimycobacterial antibiotics
Table 20.1
Table 20.2
The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs
• Broad-spectrum • Superinfection • Bactericidal • Bacteriostatic
The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs
Chapter 20
Antimicrobial Drugs
Antimicrobial Drugs
• Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to treat a disease.
• Antimicrobial drugs: Interfere with the growth of microbes within a host.
• Antibiotic: A substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe.
• Selective toxicity: A drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host.
• Streptogramins
– Gram-positives
• Binds 50S subunit, inhibits translation
Figure 20.11
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
• Macrolides
Penicillins
Figure 20.6
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
• Penicillin
– Penicilinase-resistant penicillins – Extended-spectrum penicillins – Penicillins + -lactamase inhibitors – Carbapenems – Monobactam
• 1928: Fleming discovered penicillin, produced by Penicillium.
• 1940: Howard Florey and Ernst Chain performed first clinical trials of penicillin.
Figure 20.1
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
• Polypeptide antibiotics
– Bacitracin
• Topical application • Against gram-positives
– Gram-positives
• Binds 50S, prevents translocation
• Oxazolidinones
– Linezolid
• Gram-positives
– Binds 50S subunit, prevents formation of 70S ribosome
Figure 20.12
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
Figure 20.8
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
• Cephalosporins
– 2nd, 3rd, and 4th generations more effective against gramnegatives
Antibacterial Antibiotics Injury to the Plasma Membrane
• Polymyxin B
– Topical – Combined with bacitracin and neomycin in
– Changes shape of 30S subunit
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
• Tetracyclines
– Broad spectrum
• Interferes with tRNA attachment
• Chloramphenicol
– Broad spectrum
• Binds 50S subunit, inhibits peptide bond formation
• Aminoglycosides
– Streptomycin, neomycin, gentamycin
• Broad spectrum
Figure 20.2
The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs
Figure 20.4
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
•Penicillin
– Natural penicillins – Semisynthetic penicillins
– Isoniazid (INH)
• Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
– Ethambutol
• Inhibits incorporation of mycolic acid
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
– Vancomycin
• Glycopeptide • Important "last line" against antibiotic resistant
S. aureus
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
• Antimycobacterial antibiotics
Table 20.1
Table 20.2
The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs
• Broad-spectrum • Superinfection • Bactericidal • Bacteriostatic
The Action of Antimicrobial Drugs
Chapter 20
Antimicrobial Drugs
Antimicrobial Drugs
• Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to treat a disease.
• Antimicrobial drugs: Interfere with the growth of microbes within a host.
• Antibiotic: A substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts, inhibits another microbe.
• Selective toxicity: A drug that kills harmful microbes without damaging the host.
• Streptogramins
– Gram-positives
• Binds 50S subunit, inhibits translation
Figure 20.11
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
• Macrolides
Penicillins
Figure 20.6
Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis
• Penicillin
– Penicilinase-resistant penicillins – Extended-spectrum penicillins – Penicillins + -lactamase inhibitors – Carbapenems – Monobactam
• 1928: Fleming discovered penicillin, produced by Penicillium.
• 1940: Howard Florey and Ernst Chain performed first clinical trials of penicillin.
Figure 20.1