必修二 unit1 修改grammar

他不穿衣服，这会使他显得与众不同。 a)The travelers who/that knew about the floods took another road. 知道涨大水的旅客走另一条路 b)The travelers, who knew about the floods, took another road. 旅客都知道涨大水了，他们走另一条路
from America.
我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。 The foreign teacher who comes from America teaches us literature. 来自美国的那位外教教我们文学。
3．非限制性定语从句的关系词无论在从句中作什么成分，
均不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系
as often happens
as is well known as we know
正像经常发生的那样
众所周知
as will be shown in Fig 3
将如图3所示
正如我们知道的那样 正如我们大家看到的那样 如下
as may be imagined 这可以想象得出来
as we all can see as follows
我上个月买的那幢房子有一个漂亮的花园。
Can you tell me the reason why the car broke down? 你能告诉我车子抛锚的原因吗？
2．非限制性定语从句与主句关系不是很密切，中间常用 逗号隔开，翻译时通常译成两个独立的句子；而限制 性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句“„„的„„”。 I have two foreign teachers，both of whom are
Practising
Page 4
Join the pairs of sentences using restrictive or non-restrictive attributive clauses. 1. Here are the farmers. They discovered the underground city last month. Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month. 3. She got so angry. I don’t know the reason. I don’t know the reason why she got so angry.
性从句. 2. 作介词宾语时,不可用_____, 而用_______. that which 3. which与 that 都指物时, 只用 that 的情况: A. 当先行词由序数词,形容词最高级,不定式和the only ,the very, the last 修饰时; B. 当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing, something, all, much, little, few 时; C. 为了避免重复时;( They secretly built up a small factory that _____ whichproduce things______could cause pollution. D. 先行词在句中作表语而且关系代词在定语从句中也作表语 时.( Shanghai is not the city _____it used to be.) that E. 先行词是在以 who (whom)或 which开头的特殊句. F. 先行词即是人又是物.
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland， where he was buried in 1977. 卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。
二、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
1．关系词不同：关系代词that，关系副词why均不可引导 非限制性定语从句。 The house that I bought last month has got a lovely gard-en.
四. 比较：
She has two brothers who are working in the city.
She has more than two brothers.
她有两个弟弟在这个城市工作。
She has two brothers, who are working in the city. She has only two brothers. 她有两个弟弟，他们在这个城市工作。
代词可省略。 This is the man，whom we talked about just now. 这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过他。 This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking
about.
这就是我们正谈论的那个人。
三 .(1)as 既可以指前面提到过的事实或情况, 因此as
Revision 关系代词用法
关系代词 that which who 指代
人／物 物 人 人
在从句中的作用
主／宾 主／宾 主／宾 宾
whom
whose (=of which)
as
人／物 人／物
定 主／宾
关系副词的用法
关系副词 指代 在从句中的作用 时间状语 地点状语
when (=at/in/on /during which) where (=in/at which) why (=for which)
1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all of us. 大多数定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词 或短语, 而有时非限制性定语从句的先行 词也可为整个主句, 此时非限制性定语从 句常由 _____ 引导。 which
可以放在句首、句末, 也可以插入主句中, 而which
指前面提到的事实或情况, 一般放在主句之后
(有时也可用as)。 如：
As our teacher points out, that book is of
benefit to everyone.
Heat is a form of energy, as is known to all of us．
7. I remember the soldier. He told me not to tell anyone what I had seen. I remember the soldier who told me not to tell anyone what I had seen. 8. The soldiers moved the boxes to a mine. They wanted to hide them. The soldiers moved the boxes to a mine, where they wanted to hide them. 10. Shaanxi Province is a place with many cultural relics. They are well looked after. Shaanxi Province is a place whose/where cultural relics are well looked after.
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与主句语意关系 表意 紧凑，定语从句 不能删除 与主句语意关系松散, 定语从句可以删除 修饰先行词或整个句子
功能
修饰先行词
无逗号与主句分开 有逗号与主句分开
形式
使用时不能用 使用时可以用that that引导wenku.baidu.com引导
一、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只 对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句。其 标志是主句和从句之间常用逗号隔开。 1．引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who，
时间
地点
原因
原因状语
关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在
定语从句中充当状语。 从句在整个句中当定语，所以叫定语从句；而关系词 又在从句中充当主语，宾语，状语等成分。
Which , that 的区别
1. _____可引导限制性与非限制性定语从句, which
_____只引导限制 that
He failed in the exam again, which was
unexpected． (3)先行词中有the same, so, such时连词用as I’ll buy the same book as you have.
（3）下列固定结构, 一般不能用which, 如：
as has been said before 如前所述
That is his room，whose window faces south.
那是他的房间，房间的窗户朝南。 2．引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when，where。 当先行词指时间并且在定语从句中充当状语时用when； 指地点并且在定语从句中充当状语时用where。 He left his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 years old. 他于1992年离开家乡，当时他只有12岁。
This is the girl whom/who I met in the street. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.
关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾 语时可用 who 代替，但在非限制性定语从 句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。
He gave me a pen he bought yesterday.
He gave me a pen, which he bought just
now.
• 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语
时可以省略。
• 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中不可以省略。
a) He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others. 他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。 b) He will wear no clothes, which will make him different from others.
This machine, as might be expected, has stopped operating．
（2） As 含有正如、按照、正像之意, as 一般用
在肯定句中, 而 which 则可以用于含否定
意义的句子中，如：
He failed in the exam again, as was expected.
She has married again, which delighted us． Spiders are not insects, as many people think. As you will find out, I will never let you down.
“正如……” as (译为 __________) 引导的非限制性定语从句 的位置比较灵活, 可位于所修饰的句子之后, 句 “这” 或 “这件事” 中或句首; 而由 which (译为 ________________) 引导的非限制性定语从句一般不位于句首。
whom；指物时用which；whose既可用来指人也可用
来指物。 This is our headmaster，who I think has
something im-portant to tell you.
这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要事情要告诉你。
My elder sister has become a doctor，which I wanted to be. 我姐姐成了一名医生，我原来也想当医生的。