许国璋英语课堂笔记

NOTES TO THE TEXT

Today we began harvesting.

harvest既可作名词，表示“收割”、“收成”，也可作动词，表示“收割(作物)”。

句中harvesting是动词harvest加词尾ing构成。它可用在介词之后，因而是名词，它又可带宾语(例如:It was a day for harvesting wheat.)，因而又是动词，所以称作动名词。动名词兼有动词与名词的某些特点，在句子中可用作主语、表语、动词和介词的宾语。例如:

Seeing is believing. 亲眼看见了才相信(即“百闻不如一见”)。

I began studying English at the age of 12.

Thank you for giving us so much help.

We got up at daybreak, and after an early breakfast we started off for the rice fields.

start off是动词加副词构成的动词短语。off表示“(离)开”、“(走)开”，即已不在原处之意。整个动词短语的意思是“动身”、“出发”。英语里这类动词短语为数不少，学习中应当注意。

与start off for 同义的短语有leave for，set off for，set out for，start out for。

介词for在这里表示目标、方向，即汉语里的“向”、“往”之意，如: Next week they'll set off for the South.下星期他们去南方。

We got there after half an hour's walk.

在说“到达某地”时多用get to, 例如:

We got to the commune at five o’clock.

若后面用的是副词 here, there, home等,则不用 to, 例如:

When did you get home? I got there at eight.

英语里的撇号(’)加s表示名词和代词的所有格，如：the people's army，Li Ming's book，one's work，somebody else's magazine和构成助动词、情态动词、系动词的缩合形式如shan't，won't，can't，mustn't，I'm，you're，he's之外，还用在时间之后，作定语，如:

After two years' hard work，he learned to speak and write very good English. We got to the Summer Palace after an hour's ride. 乘车一小时，我们到了颐和园。

The fields around us looked like a golden sea.

Look这里是“系动词”,系动词和表语一起构成谓语,例如:

You don’t look well today. (你今天脸色不好。)

Your room looks very nice. (你们房间很不错。)

还有一些动词,如:feel, fall, get等,也可用作系动词,例如:

He fell ill last Friday. He is feeling much better today.

We hope he will soon get well.

I have never seen anything so beautiful!

have seen是现在完成时。(详见第22课的语法说明)

注意:something，anything，nothing，somebody，anybody和nobody如有定语修饰，

定语需后置。例如:

Attention，please，I've got something important to tell you.

He looks like somebody important. 他看上去像是个重要人物。

There is nothing wrong with the tape recorder. 录音机没有毛病。

Soon we learned to work faster.

faster是副词fast的比较级形式，表示“更快”的意思。

Evening came before we realized it.

直译:“在我们意识到夜晚来临之前,夜晚已经到来了。”意即:“不知不觉间已是黄昏时候了。”这里it是指夜晚来临,不是指evening一个词。

Our clothes were wet with sweat.

介词with在这里表示原因，意同because of，例如:

The road is wet with rain. 因为下雨，路上湿漉漉的。

The boy is shivering with cold. 那孩子冷得发抖。

That was not bad for the first day.

that指前句We harvested thirty mu altogether，不仅作句子的主语，还具有连接上句的作用。

not bad的意思实际上等于quite good，“相当好”。

But tomorrow we shall certainly do better -- much better.

这是do的习惯用法。

NOTES TO THE DIALOGUE

Yes, I think so.

在同意对方的话时常常可以说“I think so”, so代表前面已说的情况,例如:

“Will Robert be here tonight?”“I think so.”

“I very much want to see the film.”“You must hurry up if you want to do so.”

There is still half an hour to go.

to go指还剩多少时间,又如: There are only five minutes to go。

But you’d better hurry up.

had better是一种习惯说法,had在这里不是过去时态,后面要接不带to的动词不定式。

Our study group is meeting at seven.

这里 is meeting 表示即将发生的动作。此句说明的是一个将来发生的事，谓语动词为什么用现在进行时呢?

这是因为现在进行时除表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态外，有时还表示即将发生的动作，尤其是go，come，stay，leave，start等动词，例如: