中英文科技论文写作 道德规范

报告相似度数据：被检测文献对应的所有 对比匹配文献的相似度的总和
From: 林汉枫等.中国科技期刊研究，
2009， 20（4）：580
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科技期刊学术不端文献检测系统以《中国 学术文献网络出版总库》为全文比对数据 库，可检测抄袭与剽窃、伪造、篡改、不 当署名、一稿多投等学术不端文献。
用以检测毕业论文曾引发争议。
equipment, processes; or changing / omitting data or
results such that the research is not accurately
represented in the research record.
Select data to fit a preconceived hypothesis:
- the Federal Office of Science and Technology Policy, 1999
• “Presenting the data or interpretations of others
without crediting them, and thereby gaining for
• Plagiarism may result in academic charges, and will certainly cause rejection of your paper.
• Plagiarism will hurt your reputation in the scientific community.
yourself the rewards earned by others, is theft, and
it eliminates the motivation of working scientists to
generate new data and interpretations.”
• – Bruce Railsback, Professor, DeWpt. Geology, Univ. Georgia
R. Hawkes
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我们需要什么样的“论文意识”
from: 朱大明. 科学时报，2009-07-03（A4）
在目前的学术界，似乎没有哪样东西比 “论文”更备受推崇又饱受诟病。
对论文发表及其结果和影响的价值取向以 及动机和行为方式。
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就学术论文的本义而言，正确的论文意识 至少应体现在以下几个方面:
– using phrases from the original source without quotation marks;
– Keeping the sentence structure even when using different wording;
– Keeping the paragraph organization even when using different wording or sentence structure.
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R. Hawkes, Dept. Cell Biology and Anatomy, Univ. Calgary
Unethical Behaviour
Data fabrication and falsification
Falsification is manipulating research materials,
• Unacceptable paraphrasing--even with correct citation--is considered plagiarism.
– Statement on Plagiarism. Dept. Biology, Davidson College.
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Data fabrication and falsification (数
journal.
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Unethical behaviour Plagiarism
“Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit, including those obtained through confidential review of others’ research proposals and manuscripts.”
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Unethical behaviour Plagiarism
Plagiarism: tempting a short-cut with long-term consequences
• Plagiarism is considered a serious offense by your institute, by journal editors and by the scientific community.
述。
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2008年英国《自然》的一项调查报道指出， 每年约有3%的研究人员被发现有科学上 的不端行为，主要表现为伪造数据及剽窃。
由 CrossRef 和 iParadigms 提 出 了 反 剽 窃 工 具—CrossCheck, 服务于CrossRef的成员。
赢得了2008年全球最佳出版创新奖。
• Improper author contribution
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Unethical behaviour Multiple submission
• Multiple submissions save your time but waste editors’ time.
• The editorial process of your manuscripts will be stopped if duplicated submission is discovered.
此系统只是一种机器，所产生的结果报告 只能用作审稿时的参考，不应取代编辑 在初审中的主观能动性。
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哈佛大学关于“抄袭”的规定指出：“如 果你的句子与原始资料在观点和句子结构 上都非常相似，并且结论与引语相近而非 用自己的话重述，即使你注明出处，这也 是抄袭。你不能简单地改变原始资料中的 几个词语或者对其进行摘要性重组，你必 须用自己的语言和句子结构彻底地重塑你 的总结，要不就直接引用。”
英文写作上的先天不足而去模仿他人的表
道德规范
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Unethical behaviour
Unethical behaviour “can lead to
rejection and even a ban from publishing
in the journal”
Terry M. Phillips,
Editor, J.Chromatography B
“an experiment is not included because it ‘did not work’,
show ‘representative’ images that do not reflect the total data set, data that do not fit are simply shelved.”
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Unethical behaviour wrong paraphrasing
• Paraphrasing is restating someone else's ideas while not copying literally.
• Unacceptable paraphrasing includes:
据造假)
Fabrication is making up data or results, and recording or reporting them.
“… the fabrication of research data … hits at the heart of our responsibility to society, the reputation of our institution, the trust between the public and the biomedical research community, and our personal credibility and that of our mentors, colleagues…”
• 科学创新和“优先权意识” • 质量意识 • 规范意识 • 交流意识 • 责任意识
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对剽窃、抄袭、数据造假等学术不端行为 有很严厉的处罚力度，严重影响其学术声 誉、日后的科研经费来源，甚至从此结束 科研生涯。严重者乃至受到法律的处置。
一般主要靠学术组织和科研人员自律抵制 学术不端行为。
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“It can waste the time of others, trying to replicate false data or designing experiments based on false premises, and can lead to therapeutic errors. It can not be tolerated.”
• Even competing journals constantly exchange information on suspicious papers.
• Do not send your manuscripts to a second journal
UNTIL you receive the final decision of the first
• Multiple submissions
• Redundant publications
• Plagiarism
• Data fabrication and falsification
• Improper use of human subjects and animals in research