句子成分及简单句的6个基本句型(学案)

4. I don’t know what to do.
5. I enjoy living here.
小结：此句型中谓语动词为_______________,具有_____，是主语产生的动作，但_______表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个______，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
4. The wallet on the desk is mine.
5. The demanding boss wasn’t satisfied with my work.
6. That building being repaired is our library.
7. The excited boys burst into cheers.
9. They believed it strange that he should have done that.
小结：宾语一般由_________、___________(me, her等), 或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括_________、___________还有___________)。宾语可分为______________和________________。一般情况下, 宾语都在____________后面, 但是当句子的宾语为___________、___________、或_________时, 常用形式宾语________, 以保持句子的平衡。
简单句的6个基本句型
英语句子千变万化，但都可以由简单句合并或扩展而来，因此掌握简单句的六个基本句型是写好英语句子的第一步。
1.Ｓ+Ｖi（主＋谓）
2.Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）
3.Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）
4.Ｓ+Ｖ+OI +ＯD（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
5.Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
6.there be句型
【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
三、宾语：说明动词的动作对象。
练习：请找出下列句子的宾语。
1.I have been learning English for 9 years.
2. He has never met her in person.
3. She handed him a book.
3. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.
4. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.
5. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher .
翻译下列句子并划出句子主要成分
1.他爸爸看起来很健康。
2.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
3.树叶已经变黄了。
4.这个报告听起来很有意思。
三、观察下列句子，划分句子主要成分并判断属于哪种句型。
1. Who knows the answer?
2. She laughedat her.
3. I want to have a cup of tea.
五、定语：用来修饰名词或代词，起限定作用。
练习：请找出下列句子的定语。
1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.
2. His books are very popular.
3. A woman police officer was praised for her good work.
5.His speech was boring.
6.The whole class got excited at the good news.
7. My suggestion is that we should start at once.
小结：表语通常由__________充当，也可以是_______、________、____________、____________、____________等。
八、同位语：用来对名词(或代词)作进一步的解释说明，通常指同一人或事物且放在同等位置。
练习：请找出下列句子的同位语。
1. I myself will do the experiment.
2. She is the oldest among them six.
3. Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
系动词有三类：
1.表示特征和存在状态：be, seem, appear, feel ,look, smell, sound, taste
2.表状态延续：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand
3.表状态变化：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow
8. He is one of the students that have been late.
小结：定语通常由____________和___________________充当，也可以是______________、____________、__________、_____________等。定语一般位于_____________之前，但若修饰_________________(如something)时，或者是_________或__________作定语，则总是放在所修饰词的_________。
2. They elected John monitor.
3. He treated his mistake as a joke.
4. He told me to make my own decision.
5. We heard her singing a song.
6. He watched an insect caught by a bird.
四、表语：放在系动词（如be,look等）后面，说明主语的状态、性质等。
练习：请找出下列句子的表语。
1. The leaves turn yellow in fall.
2. He has become a police officer.
3. My wallet is on the desk.
4. My suggestion is to leave at once.
二、谓语：说明主语的动作(即主语做了什么事)、状态或特征。
练习：请找出下列句子的谓语
1. The sun rises in the east.
2. We have finished reading the book.
3. You ought to work harder.
4. I am looking forward to your reply.
4. He likes to play basketball.
5. We enjoy listening to music.
6. She said that she felt sick.
7. We consider it no good getting up late.
8. I find it impossible to believe her any longer.
2.The milk tastes good.
3. You look happy.
4. Your story proved false.
小结：此句型中的动词为____________，不能单独作为谓语，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的__________构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
句型2：________________________
小结：状语通常由__________充当，也可以是_______________、___________、____________、_________________等。
七、补语：对主语或宾语进行补充说明。补充说明主语的称为主语补足语；补充说明宾语的称为宾语补足语。
练习：请找出下列句子的补足语。
1.We should keep our classroom clean.
6. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
7. It is important for us to have our dreams.
8. It is obvious that he was wrong.
小结：主语一般由名词、______________ ,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括______ 、_______ 还有_________)。另外，当句子的主语为___________、__________ 或__________时, 主语部分太长,为使句子平衡, 避免头重脚轻, 常用______作形式主语。
一、观察下列句子，划分句子主要成分并判断属于哪种句型。
1.Timeflies.
2.Classbeginsat 8 a.m.
3.The mandoesn’t smokein theclassroom
4.We alllaughedloudly.
小结：此句型中谓语动词是_____________,能表达__________意思。主语可有修饰语________，谓语可有修饰语__________。
句子成分及简单句的6个基本句型
句子成分
写作离不开句子, 要写好英语的句子,首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成,能充当这些成分的是各是什么词。
句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语，其中主语与谓语是主要成分, 一般不可缺少。
一、主语：表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事。
练习：请找出下列句子的主语。
六、状语：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等。
练Leabharlann Baidu：请找出下列句子的状语。
1. He did his homework carefully at home.
2. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.
7. He was acknowledged to be the best player.
小结：补足语通常由___________充当,也可以是___________、____________、___________、______________和______________等。
【注意】如果把主动语态改成被动语态,宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。
句型1：___________________
翻译下列句子并划出句子主要成分
1.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
2.1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。(the May Fourth Movemen)t
3.五年前我住在北京。
二、观察下列句子，划分句子主要成分并判断属于哪种句型。
1. Mr.Wang’s classes are lively.
5. I felt cold.
6. His parents are teachers.
小结：谓语由________或_________充当,或者由“系动词+表语”构成。除了倒装等特殊情况外, 谓语总是位于_______的后面。
动词分为______________、____________、___________和___________。____________单独作谓语,_____________与表语一起构成谓语, _____________与动词原形构成合成谓语, _______________与动词的适当形式(如：原形、现在分词、过去分词)共同构成谓语部分。
1. The boy comes fromAmerica.
2. He usually goes to school alone.
3. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.
4. Studying English is very important.
5. That he won the prize excited everyone.
4. He enjoys the exercise，swimming in winter．
5. You have yet to answer my question whether you can lend me your bike．
小结：同位语可以是单词、___________或___________等。