2020年中考英语总复习被动语态导学案

动词被动语态导学案

学习目标

1.掌握被动语态的用法，基本构成，特殊情况用法等。

2.熟练运用这些知识点完成习题。

重难点：不同时态的被动语态。

学法指导：

教学过程

一、被动语态的用法，

1、找出文章中的被动语态

Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad, I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built years ago,but for some reason it could be used then,Last year,however, it came into use.Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane.I have been offered a lot of money to go away,but I am determinded to stay here.Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.

2、被动语态基本用法

当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。

当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。

二、被动语态的概述

被动语态由助动词be+及物动词过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。

变化口诀：宾变主来, 主变宾;谓变be done,时不变;注意数格，抄其余。

不同时态的被动语态

各种时态的被动语态构成

一般现在时：S+am/is /are +done

一般过去时：S+was/were +done

情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+ done

一般将来时：S+ will+be+ done

现在完成时：S+ have/has + been+ done

三、被动语态的使用

（1）.不知道动作的执行者是谁

The telephone ___________in 1876

（2）.没有必要指出动作的执行者

Rubbish should________and_________.

（3）.需要强调和突出动作的承受者

Chinese ________ by more and more people in the world.

（4）.句子的主语是物

Many houses _______________ by the flood.

四、被动语态中的特殊情况

(1).不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。(动词后的介词不可省）

e.g. The students listen to the teacher carefully in class.

被动句：The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.

(2)当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补), 并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加“to”。（即：主动省to，被动加上to。）

e.g. We often hear her sing songs.

被动句：She is often heard to sing songs by us.

这些动词真奇怪,主动句中to离开，被动句中to回

来。（常考词有：make, see, hear, feel, watch, notice 等。)

(3).当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人，一个是指物)，将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时，另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来；如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语，在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”。

常见加to的动词有: give，send, teach，write, show, pass, ask, tell …

常见加for的动词有: make, buy draw …

e.g. He gives me a flower everyday.

被动1：I am given a flower by him everyday.

被动2： A flower is given to me by him everyday.

(4). 系动词没有被动形式，主动形式表被动意义。

常见的有taste（尝起来），sound （听起来），feel（摸起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来）等.

(5). 有些动词如:sell（卖），wash（洗），write (写）等与副词well（好），easily （容易地）等连用，描绘事物的特性，用主动表被动。例如：

1)The coat washes easily.

2)The books sell well.

五、中考形势

分析河北近6年中考可知，河北近6年中考在单项选择中考察动词的语态，每年均考察一道，且语态常常结合时态来考察。选项设置大多是两种时态结合两种语态，对于此类试题，我们可以从以下几个方面解题：

1.分析选项，若选项中出现两个被动语态的选项(be+done)。则基本可判定为考察被动语态

2.观察语境，确定题目所用的时态。

3.同时考生应熟记几种常考的被动语态的构成，再结合句意及给出的时间状语或已经发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。

六、直通中考

1. These cakes with chocolate. Have one, please.

A. fill

B. filled

C. are filled

D. were filled

2. Look at the picture. The top five TV plays in it.

A. list

B. are listed

C. will list

D. will be listed

3. Hangzhou as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.

A. knows

B. is known

C. was known

D. will be known

4. Emily is glad that she for her honesty at that meeting.

A. praises

B. praised

C. is praised

D. was praised

5. Everybody deeply after they heard the story.

A. moves

B. moved

C. is moved

D. was moved

6. The pet dog is warm and loving. It as a daughter of my family.

A. treats

B. treated

C. is treated

D. was treated

7. Our classroom by students every afternoon. It is very clean.

A. cleans

B. cleaned

C. is cleaned

D. was cleaned

8. Simon, look at the kites in the sky. They by Mozi over 2 ,000 years ago.

A. invent

B. invented

C. are invented

D. were invented

9. Several volunteers to the schools in Tibet.They will teach students English and math.

A. sent

B. will send

C. were sent

D. will be sent

10. The little girl in the photo is me. This photo when I was five.

A. is taken

B. takes

C. was taken

D. took

11 This task is really hard. I think it again and again before starting

.A. may think B. should think C.may be thought D. should be thought

12. Kids have to take many after-school classes. They hard to study for good grades.

A. punish

B. pushed

C. are pushed

D. were pushed

13短文填空

English___(be) very widely_____(use).It_________(speak) by people in England, the United States,Australia,and many other countries.It___(be) one of the working languages at international meetings. Most international business news________(write) in English. And quite a few books and magazines__________(write) in English,too.If you______(know)English,you________(find)you can_______(enjoy)so many books. That is why English __________(learn) by many people.