小麦穴播机设计

小麦穴播机设计说明书

摘要

机械化保护性耕作是一项实现北方旱作农业可持续发展的综合的农业生态工程技术。机械化保护性耕作技术应用和推广的关键是免耕播种机的研制。目前，免耕播种机研制中存在的核心问题是免耕播种机的堵塞问题。尽管我国农机专家在免耕播种机的研制中取得了一定的成绩，采用的排堵方法和防堵装置类型各异，但都未能从根本上解决这一问题。本设计正是从这一问题出发，将播种机的条播改为穴播，改变土壤工作部件的工作方式(由开沟器的平动转为穴播器的转动)，以解决堵塞问题。

汲取近年来穴播机在覆膜种植方面的经验，对现有机型进行优化和改进，以适应

免耕地况的要求。为此，设计出人力学穴播机以更好的适应农户的要求。为保证活动

嘴启闭机构适应不同地况，研究并设计了一种凸轮—摇杆式强制开启机构。结合穴播

轮工作特点，选择盒式取种器，研制了与之配套的播量调节装置，满足不同用户不同

播量的要求，提高了分种、充种效率。最后，分析研究了成穴器工作机理，确定关键

的工作参数。

关键词：小麦穴播机；穴播机驱动；穴播机配置；成穴器；排种器

ABSTRACT

Mechanized conservation tillage is a realization of sustainable development in dry farming north of integrated agro-ecological engineering technology. Mechanized conservation tillage technology and the key is to promote the development of no-tillage planter. At present, the existence of no-tillage planter in the development of the core problem is the congestion problem of no-tillage planter. In spite of agricultural experts in the development of no-tillage planter has made some achievements,requit the-blocking used methods and different types of protective devices, but they can not fundamentally solve the problem. This article is starting from this issue will be re-seeder the drilling hole seeding, soil working parts of the work (by the trencher's moving into a hill-drop's rotation), to solve the congestion problem.

Learned in recent years, hill-drop planter planted in plastic film experience, to optimize existing models and improve to meet the requirements of the status of free land. To this end, the design of mechanical hill-drop planter people to better adapt to the requirements of farmers. Sluicegate mouth in order to ensure the activities of institutions to adapt to different conditions, to study and design of a cam - Rocker-style forced open the body. Hill-drop combined with the characteristics of round work, select check box device was developed to be compatible with the volume of broadcast-conditioning, to meet different user requirements of the volume of different sowing increased minutes, filling efficiency. Finally, the analysis of the cavitation mechanism works, the identification of key operating parameters.

Key words：wheat bunch planting machine; hill-drop driver; bunch planting machine configuration; cavitation device; metering device

目录

1、引言 (3)

2、总体方案的确定 (3)

3、总体设计 (6)

3.1 小麦穴播机驱动形式 (6)

3.2机具工作原理 (6)

3.3总体配置 (7)

4、关键参数的确定和关键结构的选择与设计 (8)

4.1滚轮关键参数的确定 (8)

4.1.1穴播农艺要求分析 (8)

4.1.1.1穴距要求 (8)

4.1.1.2播种深度的要求 (9)

4.1.2穴播器参数确定 (9)

4.1.2.1滚筒半径 (9)

4.1.2.2成穴器数目 (9)

4.1.2.3鸭嘴管长 (10)

4.1.2.4滚筒宽度 (10)

4.2成穴器的设计 (10)

4.2.1成穴器类型的选择 (10)

4.2.2鸭嘴形状的选择 (13)

4.2.3活动门开启机构的分析选择 (13)

4.2.3.1活动门开启机构的选择 (13)

4.2.3.2四杆机构位置的分析 (16)

4.2.3.3压力角和传动角 (17)

4.2.4凸轮关键参数的确定 (19)

4.3凸轮与轴的连接设计 (23)

4.3.1凸轮与轴的连接 (23)

4.3.2键的选择及强度计算 (23)

4.3.2.1.选择键的类型和尺寸 (23)

4.3.2.2.校核键连接的强度 (23)

4.4排种器的选择和调节 (24)

4.4.1排钟器的选择 (24)

4.4.2 排种器的调节装置的设计 (25)

5、心得体会 (26)

参考文献 (27)

致谢 (29)