AtlasCopco基本拧紧技术
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THE BOLTED JOINT IS PRELOADED! And what is the consequence of this diffference? ONLY A SMALL PORTION OF THE EXTERNAL LOAD IS TRANSFERRED
TO THE BOLT!
• 我们需要的是连接件中的夹 紧力
1-36
AC tightening technique
Torque measurement扭矩测量
Clamping force is the aim at but it is hard to measure. Torque is easy to measure and apply.夹紧力是目标但是比较难测量但是扭矩 比较容易测量
1-21
AC tightening technique
Question
What is the major difference between a bolted joint on one hand and a welded, glued or riveted joint on the other hand?
1-2
AC tightening technique
Different ways of assembling装配的不同方 法
• Welding(焊接) • Gluing(粘接) • Riveting(铆接) • Tightening with screws and bolts(螺
栓拧紧连接)
1-3
Tensile load
1-8
AC tightening technique
Bolt tension = 20 kN
1-9
AC tightening technique
Bolt tension = ?
1-10
AC tightening technique
ton
Bolt tension = ?
AC Tightening Technique
阿特拉斯·科普柯拧紧技术
1-1
AC tightening technique
BASIC TIGHTENING TECHNIQUE
基本拧紧技术
基本拧紧技术
介绍装配过程中的基本问题，为正确和使用选择工具提供指导
对客户来讲，成功的关键是所使用的工具／设备能够匹配其特定需要．
• Standardised well-defined element(标准化)
• Cost-efficient(节省成本)
• The bolt should be weakest link(设计 成最薄弱环节)
1-4
AC tightening technique
The thread creates the clamp load that holds the joint together螺纹建立夹紧载何使得 工件被夹紧)
1-25
AC tightening technique
施加的力不要超过使用极限
• 施加的力过大会使 螺栓过度伸长
• 安全余量取决于: – 拧紧精度 – 材料等级
N 夹紧力
1-26
AC tightening technique
螺栓拉伸量
螺栓连接应用的历史背景
27
AC tightening technique
THE BOLTED JOINT IS PRELOADED! And what is the consequence of this diffference? ONLY A SMALL PORTION OF THE EXTERNAL LOAD
IS TRANSFERRED TO THE BOLT (until the preload is exceeded) !只有很小的一部分外部负载被转移到螺栓上 (直到超过预加负载)
历史背景
十九世纪工业革命开始，为得到 更大的生产力要求工业产品必须 达到： •系统化 •质量可控性 •可复制性
28
AC tightening technique
连接图
德国人Rotscher 在1927年提出了连接图，这种方法直到今天仍在使用，帮 助我们理解连接的力学特性和进行计算。
29
AC tightening technique
螺拴与连接件的关系
拉伸弹簧＋ 压紧弹簧
1-32
AC tightening technique
连接件图
螺拴和连接的变形
压力
力
连接件压 缩
压Baidu Nhomakorabea量
1-33
AC tightening technique
连接件图
拉力 螺栓拉伸
伸长量
螺栓连接的变形关系
夹紧力
预 紧 力
1-34
AC tightening technique
VDI 2230， 德国工程师协会 2230标准
基于从1960年代就开始的研 究，德国工程师协会(VDI， German Society of Engineers) 发布了VDI2230：高负荷连接 的系统计算方法 － Systematic Calculation of High Duty Joints.
The applied torque is measured应用力矩
1-37
AC tightening technique
Clamping force Needed需要的夹紧力
Torque T=Fxr
F
Ta
Tb
1-38
AC tightening technique
r
F
Ta=Fr
Tb= ½ Fr
Result: Ta= 2 Tb
1-11
AC tightening technique
ton
= 10 kN
Is the bolt tension now approximately…….. 现在螺栓的拉伸力大约是多少?
10 kN?
20 kN?
Or 30 kN?
1-12
AC tightening technique
The Correct answer is: 正确的答案是:
20 kN – the bolt pretension will NOT change (much)螺栓上承受的拉伸力 是不会变化的
1-13
AC tightening technique
The Special Fastener 特殊模式
1-14
AC tightening technique
The Use of the Special Fastener拧紧这个模式
1-5
AC tightening technique
Clamping force vs tensile load and shear load夹紧力和 螺栓张力和剪切力
Tensile load
Clamping force
Shear load
Shear load
1-6
AC tightening technique
interface. 界面中没有夹
紧
1-17
AC tightening technique
The Joint Loaded by an Applied Force
1-18
AC tightening technique
Question
What is the major difference between a bolted joint on one hand and a welded, glued or riveted joint on the other hand?螺栓连接和焊 接铆接粘接有什么最大的区别
½r
F = applied force (in Newton)
r = lever length (in meters)
为了拧紧螺栓, 必须施加力以便拧紧螺母/螺丝
1-39
AC tightening technique
Clamping force depends on torque and other factors 夹紧 力的因素是扭矩和其余的因素
外部负载的变化只有很小的一部分会转移到螺栓上=>这样螺栓就不容 易由于负载的交变而产生疲劳损坏
It provides a frictional grip => It will not come apart if the parts cannot move in relation to each other
提供了一个有摩擦力的夹紧=>这将不会出现部件分离如果部件不能有 相互的位移
1-23
AC tightening technique
螺栓连接的受力
剪切
1-24
AC tightening technique
拉伸
一定要确保施加的扭矩达到最小需要扭矩
• 夹紧力一定要高于外部载荷
• 安全余量载荷的影响因素: – 振动 – 摩擦力的变化 – 连接件尺寸变化 – 拧紧精度
And what is the consequence of this difference?这个不同点有什么重要的
1-19
AC tightening technique
Question
What is the major difference between a bolted joint on one hand and a welded, glued or riveted joint on the other hand?
螺栓伸长δ1
连接件 压缩δ2
变形
连接图解
轴向工作载荷的影响
1-35
AC tightening technique
力
螺栓受力
增加部分
工
夹紧力
作 载
减少部分 荷
σδ1
δ1
δ2
变形
Joint Diagrams 连接图解
通过螺纹产生夹紧力把连接件夹紧
• 旋转螺母或螺丝使螺丝受力 伸长
• 螺丝伸长产生的夹紧力把连 接件夹紧
• Turning the nut or screw stretches the screw(旋转螺母或 者螺栓拉深螺栓)
Clamping force
• Stretching the screw clamps the parts together(拉伸螺栓保证工件 夹紧)
Tension
• The clamp load in the joint is the target of all tightening(夹紧载何 就是我们的拧紧的目标)
30
AC tightening technique
VDI 2230－使用范围
VDI 2230的应用非常广 泛，包括带60度法兰的 高强度螺拴，螺丝大小 从M4到M39。
它给出的是单螺拴连接 的分析指导。由多个螺 拴组成的连接，负荷首 先要被分配，使每个螺 拴上的负荷确定下来。
31
AC tightening technique
INTERESTING – BUT WHAT IS THE VALUE OF THAT? 意义-但是这个价值是什么
1-22
AC tightening technique
Variations in external loads are only to a small extent transferred to the bolt => The fatigue resistance of the bolt becomes very high
AC tightening technique
Why use bolted joints?为什么使用螺栓连
接
It’s so easy that a child can do it
• Easy and quick assembly(简单方便)
• Can be disassembled and reassembled(可以拆卸和重新装配)
THE BOLTED JOINT IS PRELOADED!螺栓连接 有预加负载
And what is the consequence of this diffference?
1-20
AC tightening technique
Question
What is the major difference between a bolted joint on one hand and a welded, glued or riveted joint on the other hand?
1-15
AC tightening technique
The Joint Loaded by an Applied Force连接负载被一应用的力产生
1-16
AC tightening technique
The Joint Loaded by an Applied Force
Zero clamp at the
TO THE BOLT!
• 我们需要的是连接件中的夹 紧力
1-36
AC tightening technique
Torque measurement扭矩测量
Clamping force is the aim at but it is hard to measure. Torque is easy to measure and apply.夹紧力是目标但是比较难测量但是扭矩 比较容易测量
1-21
AC tightening technique
Question
What is the major difference between a bolted joint on one hand and a welded, glued or riveted joint on the other hand?
1-2
AC tightening technique
Different ways of assembling装配的不同方 法
• Welding(焊接) • Gluing(粘接) • Riveting(铆接) • Tightening with screws and bolts(螺
栓拧紧连接)
1-3
Tensile load
1-8
AC tightening technique
Bolt tension = 20 kN
1-9
AC tightening technique
Bolt tension = ?
1-10
AC tightening technique
ton
Bolt tension = ?
AC Tightening Technique
阿特拉斯·科普柯拧紧技术
1-1
AC tightening technique
BASIC TIGHTENING TECHNIQUE
基本拧紧技术
基本拧紧技术
介绍装配过程中的基本问题，为正确和使用选择工具提供指导
对客户来讲，成功的关键是所使用的工具／设备能够匹配其特定需要．
• Standardised well-defined element(标准化)
• Cost-efficient(节省成本)
• The bolt should be weakest link(设计 成最薄弱环节)
1-4
AC tightening technique
The thread creates the clamp load that holds the joint together螺纹建立夹紧载何使得 工件被夹紧)
1-25
AC tightening technique
施加的力不要超过使用极限
• 施加的力过大会使 螺栓过度伸长
• 安全余量取决于: – 拧紧精度 – 材料等级
N 夹紧力
1-26
AC tightening technique
螺栓拉伸量
螺栓连接应用的历史背景
27
AC tightening technique
THE BOLTED JOINT IS PRELOADED! And what is the consequence of this diffference? ONLY A SMALL PORTION OF THE EXTERNAL LOAD
IS TRANSFERRED TO THE BOLT (until the preload is exceeded) !只有很小的一部分外部负载被转移到螺栓上 (直到超过预加负载)
历史背景
十九世纪工业革命开始，为得到 更大的生产力要求工业产品必须 达到： •系统化 •质量可控性 •可复制性
28
AC tightening technique
连接图
德国人Rotscher 在1927年提出了连接图，这种方法直到今天仍在使用，帮 助我们理解连接的力学特性和进行计算。
29
AC tightening technique
螺拴与连接件的关系
拉伸弹簧＋ 压紧弹簧
1-32
AC tightening technique
连接件图
螺拴和连接的变形
压力
力
连接件压 缩
压Baidu Nhomakorabea量
1-33
AC tightening technique
连接件图
拉力 螺栓拉伸
伸长量
螺栓连接的变形关系
夹紧力
预 紧 力
1-34
AC tightening technique
VDI 2230， 德国工程师协会 2230标准
基于从1960年代就开始的研 究，德国工程师协会(VDI， German Society of Engineers) 发布了VDI2230：高负荷连接 的系统计算方法 － Systematic Calculation of High Duty Joints.
The applied torque is measured应用力矩
1-37
AC tightening technique
Clamping force Needed需要的夹紧力
Torque T=Fxr
F
Ta
Tb
1-38
AC tightening technique
r
F
Ta=Fr
Tb= ½ Fr
Result: Ta= 2 Tb
1-11
AC tightening technique
ton
= 10 kN
Is the bolt tension now approximately…….. 现在螺栓的拉伸力大约是多少?
10 kN?
20 kN?
Or 30 kN?
1-12
AC tightening technique
The Correct answer is: 正确的答案是:
20 kN – the bolt pretension will NOT change (much)螺栓上承受的拉伸力 是不会变化的
1-13
AC tightening technique
The Special Fastener 特殊模式
1-14
AC tightening technique
The Use of the Special Fastener拧紧这个模式
1-5
AC tightening technique
Clamping force vs tensile load and shear load夹紧力和 螺栓张力和剪切力
Tensile load
Clamping force
Shear load
Shear load
1-6
AC tightening technique
interface. 界面中没有夹
紧
1-17
AC tightening technique
The Joint Loaded by an Applied Force
1-18
AC tightening technique
Question
What is the major difference between a bolted joint on one hand and a welded, glued or riveted joint on the other hand?螺栓连接和焊 接铆接粘接有什么最大的区别
½r
F = applied force (in Newton)
r = lever length (in meters)
为了拧紧螺栓, 必须施加力以便拧紧螺母/螺丝
1-39
AC tightening technique
Clamping force depends on torque and other factors 夹紧 力的因素是扭矩和其余的因素
外部负载的变化只有很小的一部分会转移到螺栓上=>这样螺栓就不容 易由于负载的交变而产生疲劳损坏
It provides a frictional grip => It will not come apart if the parts cannot move in relation to each other
提供了一个有摩擦力的夹紧=>这将不会出现部件分离如果部件不能有 相互的位移
1-23
AC tightening technique
螺栓连接的受力
剪切
1-24
AC tightening technique
拉伸
一定要确保施加的扭矩达到最小需要扭矩
• 夹紧力一定要高于外部载荷
• 安全余量载荷的影响因素: – 振动 – 摩擦力的变化 – 连接件尺寸变化 – 拧紧精度
And what is the consequence of this difference?这个不同点有什么重要的
1-19
AC tightening technique
Question
What is the major difference between a bolted joint on one hand and a welded, glued or riveted joint on the other hand?
螺栓伸长δ1
连接件 压缩δ2
变形
连接图解
轴向工作载荷的影响
1-35
AC tightening technique
力
螺栓受力
增加部分
工
夹紧力
作 载
减少部分 荷
σδ1
δ1
δ2
变形
Joint Diagrams 连接图解
通过螺纹产生夹紧力把连接件夹紧
• 旋转螺母或螺丝使螺丝受力 伸长
• 螺丝伸长产生的夹紧力把连 接件夹紧
• Turning the nut or screw stretches the screw(旋转螺母或 者螺栓拉深螺栓)
Clamping force
• Stretching the screw clamps the parts together(拉伸螺栓保证工件 夹紧)
Tension
• The clamp load in the joint is the target of all tightening(夹紧载何 就是我们的拧紧的目标)
30
AC tightening technique
VDI 2230－使用范围
VDI 2230的应用非常广 泛，包括带60度法兰的 高强度螺拴，螺丝大小 从M4到M39。
它给出的是单螺拴连接 的分析指导。由多个螺 拴组成的连接，负荷首 先要被分配，使每个螺 拴上的负荷确定下来。
31
AC tightening technique
INTERESTING – BUT WHAT IS THE VALUE OF THAT? 意义-但是这个价值是什么
1-22
AC tightening technique
Variations in external loads are only to a small extent transferred to the bolt => The fatigue resistance of the bolt becomes very high
AC tightening technique
Why use bolted joints?为什么使用螺栓连
接
It’s so easy that a child can do it
• Easy and quick assembly(简单方便)
• Can be disassembled and reassembled(可以拆卸和重新装配)
THE BOLTED JOINT IS PRELOADED!螺栓连接 有预加负载
And what is the consequence of this diffference?
1-20
AC tightening technique
Question
What is the major difference between a bolted joint on one hand and a welded, glued or riveted joint on the other hand?
1-15
AC tightening technique
The Joint Loaded by an Applied Force连接负载被一应用的力产生
1-16
AC tightening technique
The Joint Loaded by an Applied Force
Zero clamp at the