单片机控制de数控车床实验台

南通职业大学

毕业设计（论文）课题题目：单片机控制的数控车床实验台

系科：机械工程系

学生姓名：

学号：

专业：机电一体化

指导教师：

完成时间：2008.5.17

摘要

随着数控技术的飞速发展，机械制造业的生产方式、产品结构、发生了深刻的变化。在我国数控机床的发展过程中，MCS-51系列单片机在数控技术领域中得到广泛应用，经济型数控系统大多采用MCS-51系列单片机。

本文在分析了数控车床的特点和实验台应该具备的功能后，确定采用基于单片机控制的系统总体结构方案。设计方案由系统硬件结构和系统软件结构两部分组成。

关键词：数字控制，单片机系统，数控车床

ABSTRACT

With the development of NC, there have been many changes in mechanical industry, such as producing method and struture of product. MCS-51 single microcomputers have been used widely in NC, especially in ecomical NC equipments in china.

Based on MCS-51 single microcomputers, the NC lathe training equipment is designed with less money for the professional NC courses.

After analyzing the feature of NC lathe and defining the functions of training equipment, a system general scheme is assumed by hardware architecture and software architecture, which uses MCS-51 single microcomputer.

KEY WORDS: training equipment, numeric control, single microcomputer system

目录

1 引言………………………………………………………………………

1.1 数控机床的产生与发展………………………………………………

1.2 我国数控机床的发展概况……………………………………………

1.3 本课题研究的背景……………………………………………………

2 数控车床实验台的性能要求………………………………………………

2.1 数控机床的组成及工作原理…………………………………………

2 .1.1 数控机床的组成·······························································································

2 .2.2 数控机床的工作原理·······················································································2.2 数控车床的特点…………………………………………………………

2.3 数控车床实验台的方案设计………………………………………………

2.3.1普通车床数控化改造的条件········································································

2.3.2 普通车床数控化改造的一般步骤··································································

2.3.2（1）主要机械部件改造··············································································

2.3.2（2）主传动的数控改造················································································

2.3.2（3）进给传动的数控改造··········································································

2.3.3总体方案设计论证与确定···············································································

2.3.3（1）运动方式的确定················································································

2.3.3（2）行机构传动方式的确定······································································

2.3.3（2）运动方式与伺服系统的选择······························································

2.3.3（3）机械传动方式的确定··········································································

2.4 数控车床实验台的性能要求………………………………………………

3 实验台硬件系统的实现…………………………………………………………

3.1 数控车床实验台硬件系统设计遵循的原则…………………………………

3.2 微机控制的数控车床实验台硬件系统的具体设计....................

3.2.1绘制系统电气控制的结构框图………………………………………

3.2.2选择中央处理单元CPU的类型………………………………………

3.2.2（1 ）存储器扩展电路设计…………………………………………

3.2.2（2 ）I/O口即输入/输出接口电路设计…………………………

3.2.2（3） MCS—51系列单片机简介…………………………………

3.2.2（4 ）存储器扩展电路设计…………………………………………

3.2.2（5） I/O借口电路及辅助电路设计………………………………

3.2.2（6）硬件环行分配器……………

3.3 经济型数控车床微机控制系统硬件电路原理图……………………

4 实验台功能原理及插补算法………………………………………………

4.1车削数控原理、实验台插补功能要求和插补算法的选择……………………

4.2数字积分插补法………………………………………………………………

参考文献中英文翻译

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