孤独的割麦女译文

孤独的割麦女

看，一个孤独的高原姑娘在远远的田野间收割，一边割一边独自歌唱，——请你站住．或者俏悄走过！她独自把麦子割了又捆，唱出无限悲凉的歌声，屏息听吧！深广的谷地已被歌声涨满而漫溢！还从未有过夜莺百啭，唱出过如此迷人的歌，在沙漠中的绿荫间

抚慰过疲惫的旅客；

还从未有过杜鹃迎春，声声啼得如此震动灵魂，在遥远的赫布利底群岛

打破过大海的寂寥。

她唱什么，谁能告诉我？忧伤的音符不断流涌，是把遥远的不悦诉说？是把古代的战争吟咏？

也许她的歌比较卑谦，

只是唱今日平凡的悲欢，

只是唱自然的哀伤苦痛——

昨天经受过，明天又将重逢？

姑娘唱什么，我猜不着，

她的歌如流水永无尽头；

只见她一面唱一面干活，

弯腰挥镰，操劳不休……

我凝神不动，听她歌唱，

然后，当我登上了山岗，

尽管歌声早已不能听到，

它却仍在我心头缭绕。

-------------------------------------------- Wordsworth's preface to the 1800 Lyrical Ballads argues that poetry "con tains a natural delineation of human passions, human characters, and hu man incidents." It ought not be judged by the presence of artificial, poeti c diction. Rather, "the language of conversation in the middle and lower classes of society" can be its medium. "The Solitary Reaper" exemplifies these beliefs.

Written seven years after Lyrical Ballads, it describes a nameless listener 's delight in a young woman's melancholy song in an unknown language as, working by herself in a Scottish valley, she swings a sickle, reaping grain. Four eight-line stanzas, each closing with two couplets and all wr itten in octosyllabic lines, have a musical lilt. Short lines deliver the rhym es at a quick pace. Sentences normally need two or more such short lin es to complete, so that few lines are strongly end-stopped; most freely e njamb. Diction is conversational. Often lines consist mainly of monosyllab ic words (4-5, 13, 17, 21, 24, 27, 30-32). Wordsworth prefers common v erbs, "behold," "reap," "sing," "stop," "pass," "cut," "bind," "chant," "hear,"

and "break." Words imported into English from Latin or Greek, like "solit ary" and "melancholy" or forms with "-ive" and "-ion" endings (e.g., "plain tive" and "motionless"), are infrequent.

Wordsworth writes plain, almost undemanding verse. For example, he re peats the simplest idea in varying words. The girl is "single," "solitary," a nd "by herself" (1-3). She is "reaping" (3), that is, "cuts and binds the gr ain" (5), "o'er the sickle bending" (28). The onlooker is both "motionless and still" (29). The lass "sings" (3, 17, 25, 27) or does "chant" (9) a "str ain" (6), a "lay" (21), or "a song" (26). The speaker relies on everyday i dioms, worn to vagueness by overuse in ordinary talk. Her "theme" (25) is of "things" (19) or "matter" (22) "That has been, and may be again"

(24). This excludes only what never existed at all. Whenever the speake r might become elevated in speech, his language seems prosaic, even c hatty: "Will no one tell me ..." (17), "Whate're the theme" (25), and "Lon g after it was heard no more" (32). Wordsworth notes, pointedly, that thi s last line comes verbatim from a prose travel book.

"The Solitary Reaper" does not implement, programmatically, his dogma of plain diction. For example, "Vale profound" (7), "plaintive numbers" (1 8), and "humble lay" (21) are semi-formulaic catch phrases in the very e ighteenth-century verse whose artificiality he rejects. These exceptions m ay be deliberate, characterizing the speaker (not Wordsworth) as someon e for whom poetry means much. He resorts to formulas as if to hint that the girl's song is out-of-place in the valley, however separated from the traditions of fine verse by her class, occupation, and location. Wordswor th may deliberately impoverish his speaker's language so as to contrast i t with the reaper's song.

Unlike other poets, this lass sings alone, isolated from both her predece ssors (her "poetic tradition") and any audience. Dryden, Pope, Gray, and so many others defined themselves by quoting from classical literature and each other. Wordsworth's "The Solitary Reaper" shatters this continui ty. Her song, like a found poem, springs directly from nature, without lite rary context. Her "music" runs like water ("overflowing" the valley) and s urpasses the beauty of two celebrated English song-birds, the nightingale and the cuckoo. Here again the speaker raids conventional poetic langu age, as if incapable of finding truly suitable language. Ironically, both his analogies break down. Reaping takes place at harvest time, in the autu mn, not in the spring or summer, seasons traditionally associated with th e cuckoo and the nightingale. The reaper, a single "Maiden" (25), hardly fits the myth of married Philomela, rape victim and tragic revenger, eve n though the reaper sings in a melancholic, plaintive way about "Some n atural sorrow" (23). The strange language in which the lass chants also