污水处理数学模型

污水处理系统数学模型

摘要

随着水资源的日益紧缩和水环境污染的愈加严重，污水处理的问题越来越受到人们的关注。由于污水处理过程具有时变性、非线性和复杂性等鲜明特征，这使得污水处理系统的运行和控制极为复杂。而采用数学模型，不仅能优化设计、提高设计水平和效率，还可优化已建成污水厂的运行管理，开发新的工艺，这是污水处理设计的本质飞跃，它摆脱了经验设计法，严格遵循理论的推导，使设计的精确性和可靠性显著提高。数学模型是研究污水处理过程中生化反应动力学的有效方法和手段。计算机技术的发展使数学模型的快速求解成为可能，使这些数学模型日益显示出他们在工程应用与试验研究中的巨大作用。

对于污水处理，有活性污泥法、生物膜法以及厌氧生物处理法等污水处理工艺，其中以活性污泥法应用最为广泛。活性污泥法是利用自然界微生物的生命活动来清除污水中有机物和脱氮除磷的一种有效方法。活性污泥法污水处理过程是一个动态的多变量、强耦合过程，具有时变、高度非线性、不确定性和滞后等特点，过程建模相当困难。为保证处理过程运行良好和提高出水质量，开发精确、实用的动态模型已成为国内外专家学者普遍关心的问题。此外，由于污水处理过程是一个复杂的生化反应过程，现场试验不仅时间长且成本很高，因此，研究对污水处理过程的建模和仿真技术具有十分重要的现实意义。本文在充分了解活性污泥法污水处理过程的现状及工艺流程的基础上，深入分析了现有的几种建模的方法，其中重点分析了ASM1。ASM1主要适用于污水生物处理的设计和运行模拟，着重于生物处理的基本过程、原理及其动态模拟，包括了碳氧化、硝化和反硝化作用等8种反应过程；包含了异养型和自养型微生物、硝态氮和氨氮等12种物质及5个化学计量系数和14个动力学参数。ASMI的特点和内容体现在模型的表述方式、污水水质特性参数划分、有机生物固体的组成、化学计量学和动力学参数等四个方面。

关键词：污水处理系统，活性污泥，数学模型，ASM1

Sewage Treatment System Mathematical Model

ABSTRACT

With water increasingly tight and increasingly serious water pollution , sewage disposal problems getting people's attention . Because of the distinctive characteristics of variability, nonlinear and complex with time , such as sewage treatment process , which makes the operation and control of wastewater treatment system is extremely complex. The use of mathematical models , not only to optimize the design and improve the level of design and efficiency , but also to optimize the operation of the wastewater treatment plant has been built in the management , development of new technology, which is essentially a leap wastewater treatment design , experience design method to get rid of it , strictly follow derivation theory , the design accuracy and reliability improved significantly. Mathematical model to study effective ways and means of sewage treatment process biochemical reaction kinetics . Rapid development of computer technology makes it possible to solve the mathematical model , these mathematical models increasingly showing their huge role in the study of engineering and test applications.

For wastewater treatment, activated sludge , biological membrane and anaerobic biological treatment , such as sewage treatment process , in which the activated sludge method most widely used. Activated sludge process is the use of natural microbial life activities is an effective method to remove organic matter and nutrient removal in wastewater of . Activated sludge wastewater treatment process is a dynamic multi-variable , strong coupling process with time-varying , highly nonlinear , uncertainties and hysteresis characteristics, process modeling quite difficult. To ensure the process runs well and improve water quality, develop accurate , practical dynamic model has become a common concern of experts and scholars at home and abroad . In addition, because the sewage treatment process is a complex biochemical reaction process , the field test not only for a long time and high cost , therefore , research has practical significance for modeling and simulation technology of sewage treatment process. Based on the current situation fully understand the activated sludge wastewater treatment process and the process based on in-depth analysis of several existing modeling method , which focuses on the ASM1. ASM1 mainly used in biological wastewater treatment design and operation of simulation , focusing on the basic biological treatment processes , principles and dynamic simulation , including carbon oxidation , nitrification and denitrification and other 8 kinds of reactions ; contains heterotrophic and self- autotrophic microorganisms, nitrate and ammonia and other 12 kinds of substances and five stoichiometric coefficients and 14 kinetic parameters . ASMI features and content reflected