高中英语语法动词不定式

Remember!
The following verbs are normally followed by v-ing. avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can’t help
动词不定式的语态
主动式( ㈠.主动式 to do / to be doing /to have done) 主动式 当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的 动作的执行者时. 动作的执行者时 1. We want to learn English well. 2.Robert is said____abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied C. made B.to study D. to make
宾补
作主语
1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。 当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。 当今掌握一门外语真的很重要
To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.
2. 放弃吸烟是对的。 放弃吸烟是对的。
To give up smoking is right.
注意
不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作。 不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.
作状语
He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. 目的状语. 目的状语 They jumped with joy to hear the news. 原因状语. 原因状语 I’m too tired to walk any further tonight. 结果状语
作宾语
1. Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。
Fred didn’t have any money, so he decided to look for a job.
2. 他答应不告述任何人这事。 他答应不告述任何人这事。
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
作宾补
1. 她叫我呆在这儿。 她叫我呆在这儿。 She asked me to stay there. 2.请允许我介绍 请允许我介绍Mr. White给你们。 给你们。 请允许我介绍 给你们 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.
1) 带to的不定式作宾补。很多动词如 的不定式作宾补 的不定式作宾补。很多动词如: allow, order, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等 等 后面作宾补的不定式都带 。 后面作宾补的不定式都带to。 宾补的不定式都带
Be careful!
动词不定式的时态
一般式( ㈠. 一般式 to do ).
不定式的一般式所 表示的动作（状态） 表示的动作（状态） 与句子谓语的动作 同时（或几乎同时） 同时（或几乎同时） 发生，或之后发生。 发生，或之后发生。
1. He seems to know this. 2. I hope to see you next week.
如: He didn’t allow us to smoke in his house. 他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。 他不允许我们在他的家里吸烟。 2) 不带 的不定式作宾补。使役动词 不带to的不定式作宾补。使役动词make, 的不定式作宾补 have, let;感官动词 感官动词see, watch, observe, 感官动词 hear, listen to, notice等后面作宾补的不定 等后面作宾补的不定 等后面 式不带to。 式不带 。 如: He made a face and made everybody laugh. 他做了一个鬼脸, 逗得大家都笑了。 他做了一个鬼脸 逗得大家都笑了。
注意
C. 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时， 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，
动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词 的动词， 动词不定式常常省去 后面的动词， 保留to 只保留 。
A:Would you like to come to my party? B: Yes , I’d love to ( come to your party). Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。 想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。 想用我的自行车 Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).
2. Betty是第一个知道这真相的人 是第一个知道这真相的人
Betty was the first to know the truth
注意
如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词， 如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词， 其后应加上必要的介词 Eg. He is a pleasant person to work with. It seems that he has no pen ______ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with
目的状语: 常用的结构—to do; in order to do, 目的状语 常用的结构 so as to do, so/ such …as to do, etc. I come here to say good-bye to you. 结果状语: 常与only , enough 或too连用。 连用。 结果状语 常与 连用 He studied hard only to fail the exam. He is old enough to go to school. 原因状语: 一般用在句尾 I’m glad to see you. She wept to see the sight.
否定副词not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于to前
My mother told me never to do it again.
注意
B. 动词不定式之后可加疑问词， 动词不定式之后可加疑问词 疑问词，
通常做主语，宾语。 通常做主语，宾语。
Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer. Can you tell me where to get the book?
动词不定式的时态
进行式( ㈡.进行式 to be doing) 进行式
表示谓语表示的动作 情况）发生时， （情况）发生时，不 定式所表示的动作正 在进行。 在进行。
1.He pretended to be working when I came in. 2. He seems to be thinking deeply,without noticing me passing him.
练习
1. —The light in the office is still on. ---Oh, I forgot .
A. turning it off B. turn it off C.having turned it off D. to turn it off 2. She can’t help _____the house because she’s busy making a cake. A. to clean C. Cleaned B. cleaning D. being c leaned
动词不定式的语态
被动式( ㈡.被动式 to be done / to have been done) 被动式 当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示 的动作的承受者时. 的动作的承受者时 1. He didn’t like to be laughed at. 2. He claimed ____in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A. being badly treated C. to be treated badly B.treating badly
Remember them!
作表语
1. 我的工作是教英语。 我的工作是教英语。
My job is to teach English.
2. 眼见为实。 眼见为实。
To see is to believe.
作定语
1. 你有什么要说的吗 你有什么要说的吗?
Do you have anything to say?
D. to have been badly treated.
注意
A. 动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加 not. 动词不定式的否定式只须在 My father decided not to take up the job. The teacher told us not to be late again.
All you have to do is to finish it quickly. 表语
We found a house to live in. 定语 She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operaห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ion. 状语
Grammar
一 动词不定式 动词不定式由“ +动词原形”构成， 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成， 可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、 可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定 语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。 状语、补足语等, 不能作谓语。
动 词 不 定 式
To do that sort of thing is foolish。 主语 。 I want to see you this evening. 宾语
动词不定式的时态
完成式（ ㈢.完成式（to have done) 完成式
不定式的动作 发生在谓语表 示的动作之前。 示的动作之前。
1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.
The following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive.
afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, guarantee, hate, help, hope, hurry, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish •
如果上述结构变为被动语态, : 注意 如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定 式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语, 式就由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语, 此时第2类动词( , 无被动语态) 此时第2类动词(let, have无被动语态)后 无被动语态 原来不带to的不定式要加to。 原来不带to的不定式要加 。 to的不定式要加 如:I saw him go upstairs. He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看见他上楼去了。 有人看见他上楼去了。