英语辩论赛技巧(外研社辩论赛思辨和语言训练)

英语辩论赛技巧（外研社辩论赛思辨和语言训练）

Introduction About Debate

MATTER 素材

1. ‘Matter’ relates to the issues in debate, the case being presented and the material used to substantiate argumentation.

2. The issues under debate should be correctly prioritized (by teams) and ordered (by individuals), dealing with the most important/pertinent first.

3. Matter should be logical and well reasoned.

4. Matter should be relevant, both to the issue in contention and the cases being advanced.

5. Matter should be persuasive.

wNo ‘new matter’ is to be introduced during Reply Speeches. The Reply Speech presents teams with an opportunity to focus on the major issue(s) in the debate and the way in which both teams approach that ‘point of Clash’. The Reply Speech should also give an ‘optimistic overview’ of the general approach to the debate by both sides and focus on the relative merits of the case by the side Replying, and the relative weaknesses in the case of the opposing team.

wAll speakers should develop ‘positive matter’ in advanc ing their respective cases. While an Opposition team may win by demonstrating that the Government has not proved the motion true, they should not rely purely on their rebuttal of the Government case and will likely benefit from presenting positive matter in opposition to the motion.

MANNER 辩论风格

a) Vocal Style: Volume, clarity, pronunciation, pace, intonation, fluency, confidence, and authority.

b) Language: Conversational.

c) Use of notes: Should not distract, should not be read.

d) Eye Contact: With audience.

e) Gesture: Natural, appropriate.

f) Sincerity: Believability.

g) Personal Attacks: (derogatory comments are not to be tolerated).

h) Humor: Effectiveness, appropriateness.

METHOD 辩论方法

The major influence on an adjudicator must be: ‘Is the speaker’s and team’s Method EFFECTIVE in advancing the case?’

a) Organization: The structuring of individual arguments and ordering of collective arguments in the speeches .

b) Issue Selection: The identification of relevant points of clash in the round.

c) Perspective: The ability to explain the relevance of individual arguments to the motion being argued.

d) Refutation: The willingness and ability to engage and critique the points offered by the opposing team.

e) Teamwork: The degree to which the members of a team work together to collectively advance a strategy.

How to Choose Motions?

Prioritization of 3 Motions Given Based on:

a) Knowledge Resource of Team members

How much do we know of this issue?

b) Debating Positions of Your Team

What advantage will we have with this motion as Government/Opposition team?

c) Knowledge of Opposing Team’s status

What are the strengths/weaknesses of our Opponents in this debate?

Case Construction involves:

Defining the Motion & Creating Arguments that support it:

Defining the Motion means

a) Clearly stating meanings of “key terms”

E.g. “This House believes that professional athletes are good role models for Chinese youth.”

b) Establish Team Line (Base Line) & Split:

Motion

(THBT the world is a global village)

Team Line/Base Line/Stance

Because of the existence of interdependence and common interest

Spilt/Case Division

This is true in the a) social arena, b) geopolitical realm and c) economic sphere

c) Creating Arguments that support it

wPrioritize the Arguments with the strongest presented first to prove global interdependence and growing common interest:

wArgument 1 (1stSpeaker)

wSocial Arena --evidence, case studies, statistics, trend analysis, etc