主谓一致语法总结 PPT

7.Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?（2013-59） A. Politics are the art or science of government. B. Ten miles seems like a long walk to me. C. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease. D. All the furniture has arrived undamaged.
Two thirds of the students are girls in our class.
• More than one person here ____ with the disease. A. has been infected B. have been infected C. has been infecting D. have been infecting
以”ics”结尾表示学科名称的名词做主语，谓 语动词多用单数；但如果其表达“学科” 以外的其他意义，谓语动词便可用复数。
acoustics（声学;音响效果） athletics（体育学;体育运动） economics（经济学;经济意义） ethics（伦理学;行为准则） tactics（兵法;策略） mathematics（数学;运算能力） optics（光学;光线器件） physics（物理学;物理现象） politics（政治学;政治观点） linguistics（语言学）
2).通常做不可数的集体名词,表示总称，如machinery, stationery（文具）, furniture, merchandise （商 品） ,foliage（树和植物叶子的总称），谓语动词用 单数。 New machinery is being installed in the factory.
如果主语后跟有with, together with, along with,
but, except, besides, perhaps , like, including, as
well as, as much as, no less than, more than, rather than, in addition to, accompanied by,等引 起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保 持一致。如： 1）His sister, no less than you, is wrong. 2）The father, rather than the brothers, is
答案：B 原则：语法一致和意义一致
以集体名词（Collective Noຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidun)做主语时:
1).通常做复数的集体名词，如police, people, folk, youth, clergy（教士）, cattle, militia, poultry（家 禽）, vermin（害虫）等； 以“ch、sh、-ese”等结尾的表示国籍的词，如The French, The British, The Chinese等，谓语动词用复 数。 The police have caught the murderer. The Chinese are famous for their hospitality.
3).有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience, government, public（公众）,等作主语 时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式； 如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如： My family is going to have a long journey. My family are fond of music. The class has won the honor. The class were jumping for joy.
4.)如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of / a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常 用 单数。
A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.
某些固定结构中谓语的数：
2）当or, nor, either… or, neither… nor, not only… but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动 词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
Either you or she is to go.
3)在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语 的数一致。如以here, there开头，be 动词 与后面第一个名词一致。如：
答案：C 参考译文：进一步讨论这个事情是无益的， 因为今天你我都在任何事情上不愿达成一致。
原则：就近原则Principle of Proximity
1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时， 谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
答案：B 参考译文： 《惊天大阴谋》是一本重要 的书，可供历史学家研究“水门事件”。 解析：All the President’s Men是一个书名，谓语动词 用单数，此句在阐述事实，所以用一般现在时态。
复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人 名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等）， 动词用单数形式。如： 1）The United States is in North America. 2）The United Nations has passed a resolution（决议）。 3）The Arabian Nights（《天方夜谭》）is an interesting book.
concert. 6）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom
at that time.
3. The statistics ___ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.
• More students than one _______.
A. were punished
B. is punished
C. was punished
D. will punish
More ＋复数名词 ＋than one …和 more than one ＋单 数名词…的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用 作复数，后者用作单数。
D. to be put in
答案：B 解析：本句中连词than 后面省略了主语it，此处it 指代 的是前面提到的money，因此后面的动词用单数；从语 义上来看，这里是比较需要的钱和已经投入的钱，故用 现在完成式has been put in
6.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?（2012-65） A. Poultry are very expensive in the city. B. New machinery were introduced in the factory. C. The police are investigating the murder case. D. The militia were called out to rescue flood victims.
主谓一致 Subject—verb Concord/Agreement
主谓一致指句子主语和谓语在人称和数上 的一致。主谓一致有三原则：
语法一致(Grammatical Concord) 意义一致(Notional Concord) 就近原则(Principle of Proximity)
1.It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____going to agree upon anything today. （2003-50） A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is C. neither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are
responsible for the accident. 3）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.
4）Every picture except these two has been sold.
5）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the
• each/every +可数名词单数
谓语用单数
• more than one +可数名词单数
谓语用单数
• many a + 可数名词单数
谓语用单数
• the greater part of / a large proportion of / 50% of / one third of / plenty of / the rest of 谓语的数与of后 面的名词一致
There is a dog near the door. There were no schools in this area before liberation. Here comes the bus. On the wall were two famous paintings. Here is Mr. Brown and his children.
4）The New York Times is a good newspaper.
5.The research requires more money than ______.（2007-61）
A. have been put in B. has been put in
C. being put in
A. proves
B. is proving
C. are proving D. prove
答案：D 解析：statistics在本句中表示“数据统计”而不是“统 计学”，因此谓语动词不可用第三人称单数；此外
prove 表示“（已）证明”，不可用现在进行时态，因 此，D为正确。 原则：意义一致Notional Concord
• a great many + 可数名词复数 谓语用复数
• the majority of +可数名词复数 谓语用复数
• a number of +可数名词复数
谓语用复数
• the number of +可数名词复数
谓语用单数
• neither/either of +可数名词复数 谓语用单数
• one and a half +可数名词复数 谓语用单数
2.Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, ____ for Europe this afternoon.
A. are to leave B. are leaving
C. is leaving
D. leave
答案：C 参考译文：威尔斯先生,连同所有的家 人,今天下午出发去欧洲。 原则：语法一致Grammatical Concord
4.All the President’s Men ______one of the
important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.（2007-52）
A. remain
B. remains
C. remained D. is remaining