ving的用法

--ving的用法：

一．--ving的分类：

1．动名词=动词+名词，可以在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语。

2．现在分词=动词+形容词，可以在句中做表语，定语，宾语补助语以及状语。

主动形式被动形式

一般式doing being done

完成式having done having been done

二．动名词做主语的用法

1.抽象、笼统的动作或泛指某动作行为。Eg.

Acting out stereotypes of people from different countries can be very funny. Playing football is his hobby.

Sleeping is a great pleasure.

Learning a foreign language is very useful for everyone.

Arguing with her is a waste of time.

2. 用it代替动名词做主语的情况，结构有：

It is no use/ good/ fun/ a waste of time doing sth.

It’s no use going there today; he won’t be there.

It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 三．动名词做宾语的用法

可以置于行为动词和介词后。Eg.

I suggested having a picnic. However, we didn’t reach an agreement.

I have finished checking the homework. He is good at drawing.

只能用动名词做宾语的动词及短语如下Advice, avoid, allow, appreciate, enjoy, escape, finish, dislike, imagine, mind, permit, practise, suggest, can’t help, give up, insist on, feel like, spend / waste time, have difficulty/ problem/ trouble doing sth, etc.

在介词后面做宾语：devote to, look forward to, be fond of, prevent from, be

engaged in（忙于）, depend on,

be/get/become used to等

Need, want, require, be worth 后接动名词主动表示被动的含义，如：

The room needs cleaning. = the room needs to be cleaned.

The movie is worth seeing.

有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：

I forgot to close the door before I left the room.

I forgot having closed the door.

He tried to write better. (尽量努力地写) He tried writing with a brush. (用毛笔试着写)

I couldn’t help finishing it. (不能不结束某事)

I couldn’t help to finish it. (不能帮助结束某事)

They left off fishing. (停止钓鱼)

They left off to fish. (离开某处出发去钓鱼)

I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle. (对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)

I regret not taking your advice. (后悔) 四．动名词和现在分词做定语的用法。单个ving放在名词前，ving短语放在名词后面。

1．动名词做定语，表用途，和中心词是供用关系，无主谓关系。

A waiting room = a room that is used for waiting

A washing machine= a machine that is used for washing

A walking stick = a stick that is used for walking

A sleeping bag = a bag that is used for sleeping.

2. 现在分词做定语，有主谓关系。

The rising sun(= the sun which is rising) shines on my face.

The man standing there (= the man who is standing there) is my brother.

This is a road leading to the station. (= a road which leads to the station)

A sleeping boy, an interesting story, an amusing crosstalk

A meeting lasting two days

A website attracting so many people 五．动名词和现在分词做表语的用法1．动名词做表语，主表可互换，不能用程度副词very等来修饰，表示“主语是什么”

Her job is typing letter.= Typing letter is her job.

The main thing is getting there in time.= Getting there in time is the main thing.

2. 现在分词做表语，主表不能互换，能用very等程度副词来修饰，表示“主语怎么样”

His answer is very surprising.

The world Cup is extremely exciting. 六．现在分词做宾语补助语，可表示：1．宾语的动作正在进行，谓语动词常为表示感官，心理状态的词，如：see, watch,