学术英语社科Unit 1带答案
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Conclusion: As long as the standby passenger pays more than the marginal cost, selling the ticket is profitable.
Unit 1
Decision-Making
Text A
Behaviors in Economic
Critical reading and thinking
Activities
Example 2: water vs. diamond
Why is water so cheap, while diamonds are so
expensive?
water
Necessary for survival
diamond
Unnecessary for survival
The marginal benefit The marginal benefit
of an extra cup is of an extra diamond
small because water is large because
is plentiful.
学术英语 社科
Academic English for Social Sciences
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
• Text A – Key terms
– Critical reading and thinking
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
rational people: 理性人 Those people who systematically and purposefully do the best they can to achieve their objectives, given the available opportunities.
Economic
Activities Rational people think at the margin.
Example 1: standby tickets What a rational airline can do?
Situation: Flying a 200-seat plane across the U.S. costs the airline $100,000.
Question: should the airline sell the ticket?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Answer: Yes. Reason: If the plane has empty seat, the cost of adding one more passenger is tiny. Here the marginal cost is merely the cost of something to eat, like peanuts, coco, etc.
incentive: 激励 something that induces a person to act
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
How People Make Decisions
diamonds are rare.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinkingቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Cost of each seat: $500 (That’s to say, never sell a ticket for less than $500.)
Suppose: A plane is about to take off with 10 empty seats. A standby passenger will pay $300 for a seat.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
marginal cost: 边际成本 the additional cost from an increase in an activity
marginal decision-making: 边际决策 the additional cost from an increase in an activity
– Difficult sentences
– English language for
academic purpose
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Formal and informal English • Signpost language
Unit 1
Economists’ explanation about decision making: There are rules behind people’s decision-making behaviors.
Unit 1
Decision-Making
Text A
Behaviors in
Critical reading and thinking
marginal change: 边际变化 small incremental adjustments to a plan of action
marginal benefit: 边际效益 the additional benefit from an increase in an activity
Unit 1
Decision-Making
Text A
Behaviors in Economic
Critical reading and thinking
Activities
Example 2: water vs. diamond
Why is water so cheap, while diamonds are so
expensive?
water
Necessary for survival
diamond
Unnecessary for survival
The marginal benefit The marginal benefit
of an extra cup is of an extra diamond
small because water is large because
is plentiful.
学术英语 社科
Academic English for Social Sciences
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
• Text A – Key terms
– Critical reading and thinking
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
rational people: 理性人 Those people who systematically and purposefully do the best they can to achieve their objectives, given the available opportunities.
Economic
Activities Rational people think at the margin.
Example 1: standby tickets What a rational airline can do?
Situation: Flying a 200-seat plane across the U.S. costs the airline $100,000.
Question: should the airline sell the ticket?
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Answer: Yes. Reason: If the plane has empty seat, the cost of adding one more passenger is tiny. Here the marginal cost is merely the cost of something to eat, like peanuts, coco, etc.
incentive: 激励 something that induces a person to act
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
How People Make Decisions
diamonds are rare.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Critical reading and thinkingቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Cost of each seat: $500 (That’s to say, never sell a ticket for less than $500.)
Suppose: A plane is about to take off with 10 empty seats. A standby passenger will pay $300 for a seat.
Unit 1
Decision-Making Behaviors in Economic Activities
Text A
Key terms
marginal cost: 边际成本 the additional cost from an increase in an activity
marginal decision-making: 边际决策 the additional cost from an increase in an activity
– Difficult sentences
– English language for
academic purpose
• Specialized vocabulary • Collocations • Formal and informal English • Signpost language
Unit 1
Economists’ explanation about decision making: There are rules behind people’s decision-making behaviors.
Unit 1
Decision-Making
Text A
Behaviors in
Critical reading and thinking
marginal change: 边际变化 small incremental adjustments to a plan of action
marginal benefit: 边际效益 the additional benefit from an increase in an activity