腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌的近期效果
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腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌的近期效果
目的探討分析腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌的近期效果。方法选取2015年3月~2017年4月我院收治的76例结直肠癌患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为两组,每组各38例。对照组采用开腹结直肠癌根治术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗,比较两组患者的疗效。结果两组患者的手术时间、清扫淋巴结数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组切口长度、住院时间以及排气时间明显短于对照组,观察组出血量明显少于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者并发症总发生率(13.1%)明显低于对照组(36.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者手术完成后6个月的肿瘤转移率和复发率明显低于对照组,存活率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论针对结直肠癌患者应用腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗的效果要比开腹手术更加显著,可以有效降低患者的手术创伤,加快恢复速度,减少并发症发生,降低转移和复发,提高短期存活率,值得推广和应用。
[Abstract] Objective To explore the short-term effect of laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 76 cases of colorectal cancer treated in our hospital from March 2015 to April 2017 were selected as the subjects,and they were divided into two groups according to random number table method,38 cases in each group. The control group was treated with radical resection of colorectal cancer,and the observation group was treated with laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer,and the curative effect of the two groups was compared. Results There was no significant difference in the time of operation and the number of lymph node dissection between the two groups (P>0.05). The incision length,length of hospital stay and exhaust time of the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significiant (P<0.05). The amount of blood loss in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total incidence of complications in the observation group (13.1%)was significantly lower than that in the control group (36.9%),and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The tumor metastasis rate and recurrence rate in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group after the surgery,and the survival rate was significantly higher than that in the control group,the differences between the two groups were significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The effect of laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer for colorectal cancer patients is more significant than that of laparotomy,it can effectively reduce surgical trauma,speed up recovery,reduce complications,reduce metastasis and recurrence,and improve short-term survival rate,which is worthy of popularization and application.[Key words] Colorectal cancer;Laparoscope;Radical mastectomy;Recent effect
结直肠癌是一种临床上常见的恶性肿瘤,其发病率和致死率在所有消化系统
恶性肿瘤中仅次于胃癌和食管癌[1]。随着人们饮食结构和习惯的改变,结直肠癌的发生率呈现明显升高的趋势。该疾病多在中老人群中发生,男性发病率较女性要高,比例大约为2∶1。当前临床上对于结直肠癌患者主要采用的是外科手术治疗,而常用的开腹手术具有创伤大、术后恢复慢以及并发症多等缺点,因此在应用时常常受到限制[2]。随着医疗技术水平的不断提高,腹腔镜技术因其具有创伤小、操作较简单和安全性高等特点,在治疗结直肠癌中得到了广泛应用[3-4]。本研究针对结直肠癌患者采用不同的手术方法,观察比较两组患者的疗效,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取2015年3月~2017年4月我院收治的76例结直肠癌患者作为研究对象,将其按照随机数字表法分为两组,每组各38例。对照组男25例,女13例;平均年龄(57.8±7.3)岁;直肠癌17例,结肠癌21例;病理分期:Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲ期16例。观察组男23例,女15例;平均年龄(58.1±6.9)岁;直肠癌15例,结肠癌23例;病理分期:Ⅰ期5例,Ⅱ期16例,Ⅲ期17例。两组患者的一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。患者均知情同意本研究,且本研究经过医院医学伦理委员会批准。纳入标准:所有患者均符合结直肠癌的临床诊断标准,并经腹部活检证实;肿瘤细胞未发生远处转移;符合结直肠癌根治术适应症。排除标准:患者的心、肝、肾等脏器存在严重疾病;有腹部手术史;合并肠梗阻或存在恶液质;存在精神功能以及凝血功能障碍的患者。
1.2方法
对照组采用开腹结直肠癌根治术治疗:患者采用硬膜外持续麻醉,在其下腹的正中位置切口,将皮肤组织逐层切开后对腹腔进行探查确定病灶部位;将癌组织切除并在术中进行淋巴结清扫,之后将皮肤逐层关闭并放置引流管进行引流,手术结束后进行相应的抗生素治疗。
观察组采用腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗:患者采用气管插管麻醉,使用皮垫垫高患者臀部,让其在手术台上保持头低位;使用气腹针对脐部进行穿刺建立CO2气腹,压力一般保持在12~15 mmHg;在脐部作大小为10 mm的观察孔使用腹腔镜对腹腔进行探查确定病灶部位,并分别在腹直肌外缘和右下腹作大小为5 mm的主操作孔和辅操作孔。对于直肠癌患者,在肠系膜根部切开并分离乙状结肠的右侧系膜,并水平反折右侧腹膜;沿着血管走向,使用钛夹或Li-gasure 彻底清扫肠系膜下血管周围的淋巴结,之后对左侧的乙状结肠系膜进行分离并使其与反折的右侧腹膜保持水平;使用超声刀水平向下分离骶骨胛的骶前間隙,并沿盆丛和直肠系膜侧壁中线将其锐性分离至肛提肌筋膜表面;如果肿瘤距肛缘的距离大于5.0 cm则实施Dixon 手术,如果小于5.0 cm则实施Miles手术。对于结肠癌患者,应用相同方法清扫患者的淋巴结,并对相应的血管夹闭,然后进行分离、切断以及缝合。