中型客车气压制动系统改进设计

摘要

国内汽车市场迅速发展，而中型客车是汽车发展的方向。然而随着汽车保有量的增加，带来的安全问题也越来越引起人们的注意，而制动系统则是汽车主动安全的重要系统之一。因此，如何开发出高性能的制动系统，为安全行驶提供保障是我们要解决的主要问题。另外，随着汽车市场竞争的加剧，如何缩短产品开发周期、提高设计效率，降低成本等，提高产品的市场竞争力，已经成为企业成功的关键。

本次设计主要是对中型客车制动系统结构进行分析的基础上，根据对中型客车制动系统的要求，设计出合理的符合国家标准和行业标准的制动系统。

制动系统设计是根据整车主要参数和相关车型，制定出制动系统的结构方案，设计计算确定前盘、后鼓式制动器。绘制出了前、后制动器装配图、制动阀装配图、制动管路布置图。最终对设计出的制动系统的各项指标进行评价分析。另外在设计的同时考虑了其结构简单、工作可靠、成本低等因素。结果表明设计出的制动系统是合理的、符合国家标准的。

关键词：中型客车；制动；盘式制动器；鼓式制动器；气压系统

Abstract

The rapid development of the domestic vehicle market, n.medium bus is an important tendency of vehicle. However, with increasing of vehicle, security issues are arising from increasingly attracting attention, the braking system is one of important systems of active safety. Therefore, how to design a high-performance braking system, to provide protection for safe driving is the main problem we must solve. In addition, with increasing competition of vehicle market, how to shorten the product development cycle, to improve design efficiency and to lower costs, to improve the market competitiveness of products, and has become a key to success of enterprises.

Based on the structural analysis and the design requirements of n.medium

bus braking system, a braking system design is performed in this thesis, according to the national and professional standards.

Through analyzing the main parameters of the entire vehicle, the braking system

design starts from determination of the structure scheme. Calculating and determining

the main dimension and structural type of the front disc、drum brake，brake master

cylinder，and therefore draw the engineering drawings of the front and rear brakes, Brake valve, the diagram of the brake pipelines. Furthermore, each target of the designed system is analyzed for checking whether it meets the requirements. some factors are considered in this thesis, such as simple structure, low costs, and environmental protection, etc. The result shows that the design is reasonable and accurate, comparing with the related national standards.

Key words：n.medium bus；disc brake；drum brake；pressure system

目录

第1章绪论 (1)

1.1 汽车制动系统设计的意义 (1)

1.2 汽车制动系统设计的目的 (1)

1.3 汽车制动系统设计的要求 (2)

1.4 汽车制动系统的组成 (2)

1.6 制动系工作原理 (3)

第2章汽车制动系统设计方案分析 (5)

2.1盘式制动器的应用 (5)

2.2盘式制动器的优点 (5)

2.3盘式制动器结构形式 (6)

2.3.1固定钳式盘式制动器 (6)

2.3.2浮动钳盘式制动器 (7)

2.4鼓式制动器的分类与特点 (8)

2.4.1轮缸式制动器的总类与特点 (8)

2.4.2凸轮式制动器特点 (8)

2.5制动驱动机构的结构型式与选择 (8)

2.5.1简单制动系 (9)

2.5.2动力制动系 (9)

2.5.3伺服制动系 (10)

2.6液压分路系统的形式与选择 (11)

第3章制动系统主要参数的确定 (13)

3.1中型客车主要技术参数 (13)

3.2同步附着系数的的确定 (13)

3.3前、后轮制动力分配系数的确定 (14)

3.4盘式制动器主要参数的确定 (14)

3.5制动器最大制动力的确定 (15)

3.6盘式制动器制动因数计算 (15)

3.7鼓式制动器的设计计算 (16)

3.8鼓式制动效能因素计算 (17)

3.9制动器的温升计算 (17)