人教版英语八年级上册-Unit5-动词不定式语法详解

Unit5 动词不定式语法详解不定式结构肯定：to + do sth. 否定：not + to do sth.

一、作主语

To study hard is very important. → It is very important to study hard.

注意: 不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语, 把真正的主语放在后面。

练习1、It is necessary ______us to learn to wait. (of/for) 2、It took them 1,000 yuan _________this table. (buy)

二、作表语

My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。

The most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.最重要的是学习新的东西和过得愉快

。

三、作宾语

1、动词+ to do sth.

常用动词有：want / wish / like / would like / hope / plan / try / decide / learn / need / agree / begin / start / forget / remember / manage / seem / fail/ manage/ promise等

e.g. I hope to finish it tomorrow . She plans to go and teach in the country.

2、动词＋疑问词+to do

e.g. 我不知道接下来该做什么。I don’t know____________ next.

她不能决定买哪本书。She can’t decide_________________.

练习1、Don’t forget _________________.(关灯) 2、Sam is learning________________. (怎样开车）

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四、作宾语补足语——对宾语进行补充说明

1、动词+ 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth. 常用动词有：ask, tell, allow, want, expect 等

e.g. The teacher asked her to answer the question. The doctor told me to have a good rest.

2、动词+宾语+不带to的不定式, 动词多为感官动词、使动词。

一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三使：make, let, have 四看：see, notice, watch, look at

e.g. John’s mother makes him play the piano every day.

We often hear him sing on the playground.

五、作定语

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I have something important to say.我有重要的事要说

I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。

★不定式与所修饰的名词有动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面要有必要的介词。

The cat is easy to take care of.这只猫很容易照顾。

六、作状语

表目的Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。

表原因We’re glad to meet you here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。

表结果He is too tired to work on.他太累了而不能继续工作。

…

练习

1、Let him _______ the work at once. (finish / to finish)

2、Do you like listening to other people______? (talk / talking/to talk )

4、Please tell her _________here on time . (come / to come)