《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(段落翻译)【圣才出品】

第5单元段落翻译

5.1 复习笔记

语段是篇章的基本结构单位。语段亦称句群或句子组合，是大于句子的语言片段。

一、英汉段落比较

英语段落的构成大致可分为两类：（1）“主题句——阐述句——总结句”的结构；（2）利用连词体现各种句际关系，并以某一中心思想统领的形散神聚结构。

汉语段落通常都围绕一个较为含蓄的中心思想展开的。在一个语段中，汉语句子一般按时间顺序排列。汉语句群可先总论或分说，也可先分说后总论，加上“总之”等词语。

二、逻辑关联

翻译过程中，逻辑思维对于翻译的理解、分析、表达及译文校正等都很重要。

英语是一种“形合语言”（a Language of Hypotaxis），所以英语重逻辑性。一般说来，英语句子逻辑标志（1ogic markers）非常明显，即用连接词来明示其逻辑关系。

But occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.

【译文】但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误，结果当天停业结算时，有的出纳会短了现金而另一个却会多了现金。

三、顺序调整

在英汉互译中，根据语篇的需要，进行语序的调整。例：

It was no burden to me but a relief to dictate from my general body of knowledge acquired at the summit full explanations to one I know so well.

【译文】根据我在峰会所获得的全部知识来对我所深知的人作全面说明，这并不是一种负担，而是使我如释重负。

5.2 课后习题详解

课内练习1 逻辑关联

段落翻译

1. Self-esteem is feeling worthy and able to meet life’s challenges. It is as essential as the air we breathe, and just as intangible. It comes from the depths of our core, yet it is reflected in every outward action we take, grand or small. It is the essence from which we measure our worth and the most important building block in the foundation of our intangible.

【提示】meet life’s challenges可译为“接受人生/生活的挑战”；from the depths of our core可译为“来源于我们的心灵深处”；in every outward action we take, grand or small更需要意译，可考虑译为“一举一动”。

【答案】自尊自重是相信自身价值并能接受人生挑战。它就像我们呼吸的空气一样，看似无形却是不可或缺的。它源自心深处，体现在我们外在的一举一动中，不论庄重盛大还是

谨小慎微的。它是衡量我们自身价值的本质所在，也是我们形成自身无形价值最重要的奠基石。

2. We do not seem to realize that very little excellence is achieved by living a well-balanced life. Edison, Ford, Einstein, Freud all had single-minded devotion to work whereby they sacrificed many things, including family and friendship. The accusation is made that workaholics bear guilt by not being good parents or spouses. But guilt can exist in balanced life also. Consider how many “normal”people find, at middle-age, that they have never done anything well—they are going to settle for less than what they could have become.

【提示】very little excellence is achieved by living a well-balanced life可译为“取得卓越的成就很少是通过四平八稳的生活实现的”。settle for less than what they could have become必须加以引申进行意译，如译为“他们原本可以有所作为，但现在却只能就此罢休。”

【答案】我们似乎尚未认识到，在各方面兼顾的生活中很难取得杰出的成就。爱迪生、福特、爱因斯坦和弗洛伊德都是一心一意地投入到工作中，为此他们牺牲了很多东西，包括家庭和友谊。有人指责工作狂说他们应为没有做好父母或配偶而感到内疚。但是在平衡的生活中也存在着罪恶感。想想有多少的“正常”人发现，人到中年什么事也没有做好——他们没有取得本应取得的成就而只能得过且过。

3. One of the generalities most often noted about Americans is that we are a restless, a dissatisfied, a searching people. We bridle and buck under failure, and we