多品种小批量的生产计划与控制及其优化

摘要

随着市场需求的多样化和个性化，多品种小批量生产己成为当今工业企业主要的生产方式之一。这种生产方式最大的特点就是能够比较灵活地适应市场的多样化需求，但同时也给生产和机器管理带来了诸多困难，如产品品种多，而产量各不相同，工艺路线也不相同，生产能力的计划和利用困难大，产品生产计划和控制难度加大了。过去人们对这种生产类型生产作业计划的安排多采用甘特图、网络计划技术、任务分配等方法，但这些方法已不适应企业信息化和市场越来越多变的环境，也不利于企业对市场需求做出快速反应。因此，如何进行多品种小批量生产计划与控制己经成为国内外广泛关注的问题之一，本文根据多品种小批量生产的主要特点，以使它做到准时准量为出发点，着重研究了用什么样的优化方法来进行多品种小批量生产计划与控制优化，以提高多品种小批量生产的生产效率。本文包含以下几个部分。首先分析了多品种小批量生产国内外研究的现状和存在的问题，接下来将多品种小批量的生产流程按多种方式进行组织，并分析了各种生产流程组织形式的共性与个性。最后，针对多品种小批量不同生产流程组织形式的共性和个性，在充分吸收MRPII, JIT, OPT及传统计划方法优点的基础上，首先提出了多品种小批量生产计划与控制优化技术的指导思想和基本原则。在此基础上，进行了生产计划优化和生产控制优化以及生产计划和控制的集成优化。有效地解决了多品种小批量生产中存在的生产瓶颈问题，能够给多品种小批量生产企业带来明显的经济效益。

关键词:多品种小批量生产，计划与控制，优化技术

abstract

As the diversity of the market demand and individuation, many kinds of small batch production has become the main mode of production industrial enterprise one of the greatest characteristic of this mode of production is to compare the flexibility to adapt to market diversification demand, but also to the production and management of machine brought many difficulties, such as product variety, yield each are not identical, process route is not identical also, production capacity plan and use big difficulty, product production plan and control the difficulty is increased in the past people for this type of production in the production of the arrangement plan with gantt charts network planning technique task allocation method, but these methods have not adapt to the enterprise information and market more and more changeable environment, but also to the enterprise a rapid response to the demand of the market, therefore, Therefore, how to many kinds of small batch production plan and control has been become one of the problems of attention at home and abroad, according to the many kinds of small batch production of the main characteristics, in order to make it do must on time is the starting point, this paper studies the optimization with what kind of method of many varieties small batch production plan and control optimization to improve many kinds of small batch production efficiency of this article contains the following several parts first analysis of the many kinds of small batch production research at home and abroad and the present situation and existing problems of small batch will then the production process according to various ways organize, and analyzes the various production process organization form of universality and individuality at last, according to many kinds of small batch production process different organization form of commonness and individuality, In the full absorption MRPII, JIT, OPT and traditional planning method based on the advantage of, first put forward many kinds of small batch production plan and control optimization technique guiding idea and basic principle based on this, the production plan optimization and production control and optimization of the production plan and control integrated optimization effective to solve the many kinds of small batch production of the bottleneck problem existing in production, can give many kinds of small batch production enterprise to bring the obvious economic benefits Keywords: many kinds of small batch production, planning and control and optimization technique

2