英语词汇学1

2) Morphology
• Morphology studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct. This is one of the major concerns of lexicology, for we shall discuss the inflections of words and wordformation and examine how morphemes are combined to form words and words to form sentences.
词汇学
• 辅导课程一
主讲教师：张俊
Chapter One: Introduction
1. Defining Lexicology 2. Relation to other Disciplines 3. Theoretical Basis of Lexicology 4. Aims and Significance 5. Size of English Vocabulary 6. Division in the History of English
Lexicology: the study of words of a particular language only.
Modern English Lexicology, is a book on the study of words of a particular language only.
1) The Theoretical Basis: Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism
2) Some Fundamental Ideas to Be Clarified at the outset: instability of vocabulary word is the basic unit of language word is a two-facet unit possessing both form and content
5) Stylistics
• Stylistics is the study of style. It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects. Among the areas of study: lexis, phonology, syntax, graphology, we shall concentrate on lexis, exploring the stylistic values of words.
Thus lexicology is the ‘science of the word’. It studies the meaning and making of words, their ways and manners, the ups and downs in their individual fortunes, where they come from, what they have been through, and the whys and hows of their appearance and disappearance.
disappearance.
1.2 Its Relations to Other Disciplines
1) General Linguistics In general linguistics the word is studied as a unit of language in general.
f. The diachronic approach
1.4 Aims and Significance of the Course
1) Aims: giving a systematic description of the word-stock of Modern English. giving the necessary skills of using different kinds of dictionaries and reference books
A vocabulary is a kind of mirror reflecting the character, the mentality and the activity of the people who use it.
1.3 The Theoretical Basis for the Investigation of Modern English Lexicology
2) Significance:
The first dictionary (by Dr. Johnson in 1755) containing 50,000 words.
The ten-volume English Dictionary ( 1928): 414,825
At least half a million in current English, without taking into account of the ultrascientific terms that are not found in standard dictionaries
Only a small number of words have a high frequency in use.
H. Palmer: 3,000 word-units would cover 95% of any text written in everyday English; the remaining 5% of such texts would be made up of words belonging to a group of 47,000 word-units
3)Etymology
• Etymology is traditionally used for the study
of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. Modern English is derived from the languages of early Germanic tribes with a fairly small vocabulary. We shall study how this small vocabulary has grown into a huge modern English vocabulary and explain the changes that have taken place in the forms and meanings of words.
6) Phonetics
Phonetics investigates the phonetic structure of language (its system of phonemes and intonation patterns) and studies the outer sound-form of the word. The study of the sound system and sound changes of language is closely related to grammar and lexicology. The expression of the meaning of words is made possible by means of sounds; it depends on the phonemic make-up of words, on the order of the sounds, and on the so called soundstress.
2) Some Fundamental Ideas to Be Clarified at the outset:
a. Instability of vocabulary b. word is the basic unit of language c. word is a unit of form and content d. words are grammatical and syntactic e. The synchronic approach
1.1百度文库Defining Lexicology
A subbranch of linguistics dealing with vocabulary
Lexicology (2Greek morphemes): Lexi- meaning ‘word, phrase’, lexicons : ‘having to do with words’; -logos : ‘a department of knowledge’.
7) Lexicography
Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a pragmatic difference. A lexicographer’s task is to record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference, whereas the student of lexicology is to acquire the knowledge and information of lexis so as to increase their lexical awareness and capacity of language use.
8) History of the People
The volume and character of the vocabulary are determined by the socialeconomic and cultural history of the people speaking the language.
Major Concerns of Lexicology
• the meaning and making of words • the ways and manners word making • the ups and downs in their individual fortunes • where they come from • what they have been through, • the whys and hows of their appearance and
4) Semantics
• Semantics is the study of meanings of different linguistic levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. But lexicology will focus on the lexical level. The types of meaning and sense relations such as polysemy, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy and semantic field all belong to the scope of semantic study and constitute an important part of lexicology.