美国法学会《侵权法重述》
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美国法学会《侵权法重述•第三次•责任分担》(中英文对照参考译本)
王竹中国人民大学法学院上传时间:2007-10-18 浏览次数:5068
字体大小:大中小
estatement of the Law, Third, Torts: Apportionment of Liability(Rule Sections)
Copyright © 2000 by The American Law Institute
者说明:本文系作者参与2006年中国法学会部级法学研究课题“中国侵权责任法立法研究”(立项编号:CLS(2006)YB14)过中,为学习和研究目的而进行的翻译。本文件仅供个人学习、研究之用,仅供参考,请勿作他用,后果自负。本文件部分条文的翻考了许传玺、石宏等译《侵权法重述——纲要》(法律出版社2006年版)1-4、7、8、10-12、14-17、23、26条条文和相应条部分“COMMENTS & ILLUSTRATIONS”、“REPORTERS NOTES”的译文,特此致谢。相关译文具体细节请参见注释。
第一题[1]:比较责任的基本规则
pic 1- Basic Rules of Comparative Responsibility
第一条本重述所涉及的问题与诉因
重述讨论在两位或多位责任人之间分配责任的问题。本重述适用于关于死亡、人身损害[2](包括精神损害或配偶权),或对有形财物理伤害的所有主张(包括法律诉讼与和解),无论其责任基础如何。
Issues and Causes of Action Addressed by This Restatement
his Restatement addresses issues of apportioning liability among two or more persons. It applies to all claims including lawsuits and settlements)for death, personal injury (including emotional distress or consortium), hysical damage to tangible property, regardless of the basis of liability.
第二条责任的合同性限制
合同法、诉讼请求的实体法规则和可适用的解释规则允许的情况下,原告与他人之间免除该他人对未来伤害负责的合同,将阻碍原该他人处获得对该伤害的赔偿。与原告的过失不同,一项有效的合同性责任限制并不构成事实调查人向任何当事人或他人分配责任的理由。
Contractual Limitations on Liability
hen permitted by contract law, substantive law governing the claim, and applicable rules of construction, a contra etween the plaintiff and another person absolving the person from liability for future harm bars the plaintiff,s recove from that person for the harm. Unlike a plaintiff,s negligence, a valid contractual limitation on liability does n ovide an occasion for the factfinder to assign a percentage of responsibility to any party or other person.
第三条定义原告过失的各种严格学说[5]均已被废止
告的过失应依据适用于被告过失的标准来定义。特别适用于定义原告过失的各种严格学说均已被废止。
Ameliorative Doctrines for Defining Plaintiff’s Negligence Abolished
aintiff,s negligence is defined by the applicable standard for a defendant,s negligence. Special ameliorative doctrin r defining plaintiff,s negligence are abolished.
第四条对原告过失和法律原因的证明
告负有证明原告过失的举证责任,并可采用原告为证明被告过失可以采用的任何方法。除本重述第五题另有规定外,被告亦负有举任证明原告过失——如果原告存在任何过失——构成原告所受损害的一项法律原因。
Proof of Plaintiff’s Negligence and Legal Causation
he defendant has the burden to prove plaintiff,s negligence, and may use any of the methods a plaintiff may use ove defendant,s negligence. Except as otherwise provided in Topic 5, the defendant also has the burden to prove th e plaintiff,s negligence, if any, was a legal cause of the plaintiff,s damages.
第五条可归责于原告的过失
设原告是被告的角色,他人的过失便可以归责于他的话,那么该他人的过失可归责于原告。除非该他人的过失不是仅仅因为原告对车享有的所有权,或对该他人使用该机动车的许可而归责于原告。
Negligence Imputed to a Plaintiff
he negligence of another person is imputed to a plaintiff whenever the negligence of the other person would have bee mputed had the plaintiff been a defendant, except the negligence of another person is not imputed to a plaintiff sole ecause of the plaintiff,s ownership of a motor vehicle or permission for its use by the other person.
第六条当原告获得的赔偿派生于一项被告对第三人实施了侵权行为的主张和包含于基于遗存诉因法的主张时,过失可归责于原告[6]
a)当原告声称一项派生于被告对第三人实施侵权行为的主张时,在该项主张中该第三人的过失可归责于原告。原告的赔偿额同样