高考英语一词多义

高考英语专题复习---熟词生义、一词多义

《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明》中的词汇表是命题人的主要依据，而这个词汇

表只提供了英语单词或短语的拼写形式，未有词义。这就给命题人提供了广阔的活动空间，

给他们减少了很多限制，但却给考生增加了几倍的难度。因为英语中的一词多义多性现象是

普遍存在的。

例如：2001年全国卷中第26题：

We didn't plan our art exhibition like that but it_____ very well．

A．worked out B．tried out C．went on D．carried on

正确答案为A。此处work out的词义为“（情况）发展……”、“进行……”。其余干

扰项的干扰作用都很大。如果没有完全掌握work out的含义，根本无法选定这个选项，更何况，我们的课本根本未有把work out作“（情况）进展”、“进行”解释过。单选题如此，

阅读理解、完形填空等题中熟词生义现象更是比比皆是。为了能使我们顺利通过考试，现按

照字母顺序举例解析我们常见常考的熟词生义。

A

1．about （熟义：关于）prep．＆adv．到处＝（美）around 到处

We spent the whole afternoon walking about town．我们整个下午就在城里到处逛来逛去。

2．act （熟义：行动）vi．起作用

It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act．只需几分钟，药物就起作用了。

3．add （熟义：加）vt 接着说，又说

“They don't know．”he added．“他们不知道。”他接着又说。

4．address （熟义：地址，写地址） vt．① 称呼

The president should be addressed as “Mr President．”总统应称为“总统先生”。

② 向……发表演说

He is going to address the meeting in a minute．他一会儿就要在大会上讲话了。

5．admit （熟义：承认）vt．①允许进入

The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house. 仆人打开门，请我进去。

②容纳

The theatre only admits 1，000 persons．这个剧场只能容纳一千人。

6. adapt （熟义：适应）vt．使某物适合与新的用途,情况等;修改;改编或改写(稿本)

These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好.

This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original.这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目.

7. adopt （熟义：收养; 过继）vt．①采纳;采取;采用

We adopt their teaching method.我们采用了他们的教学方法

8．against （熟义：反对，违背）prep．衬着，迎着，靠着

The picture looks good against the white wall．这幅画在洁白的墙的衬托下显得很好看。

9．agree with （熟义：同意）与……一致，协调，适合

Your story agrees with what I heard．你讲的与我所听到的一致。

Long plane trips don't agree with me．我不适合坐飞机长途旅行。

10．appeal （熟义: 恳求,呼吁）v (对某人)有吸引力,(使某人)感兴趣

The idea of camping has never appealed to me.对露营这种想法我从来不感兴趣.

11．appear （熟义：出现）vi 似乎

You appeared to have made a mistake. 你似乎犯了一个错误。

12．apply（熟义：申请）v．应用,运用; 适用

What I have said applies only to some of you.我所说的只适用于你们当中的一部分人.

13．arm （熟义：n．手臂）n．武器v．武装

Lay down your arms or we'll fire！放下武器，否则，我们就开枪了！

Police say the man is armed with guns and very dangerous.警察说该男子携有枪，十分危险。14．ask （熟义：问）vt．要求

The teacher asked that all the students stay at the classroom. 老师要求所有学生呆在教室. 15．attend （熟义：出席）vt．＆vi．看护，治疗

Dr．Paria Lal attends him．Paria Lal医生在治疗他。

If you go out，who'll attend to the baby？如果你走了，谁来照看婴儿？

B

1．back （熟义：n．背）vt．支持

Many of his friends backed his plan．他的许多朋友支持他的计划。

2．badly （熟义：坏）adv．迫切, 很

English teachers are badly needed in our school. 我们学校极需要英语老师。

3．bear （熟义：熊）v．① 支撑

The ice is too thin to bear your weight. 冰太薄，承受不了你的重量。

② 负起（责任），肩负

He is a carefree fellow who bears his responsibilities lightly. 他是个满不在意不大负责的人。

③ 忍受，忍耐

The pain was almost more than he could stand. 这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。

4．beat （熟义：击打）v．① (心脏) 跳动

He is alive---his heart is still beating. 他还活着---心脏还在跳动。

② 打败

He beat me at chess. 他下棋赢了我。

5．before （熟义：以前）conj．才；就

It was a long time before I got to sleep again．过了很久我才再睡着。

I hadn't waited long before he came．我没有等多久，他就来了。

6．block （熟义：大块）n．(四面临街) 建筑群，街区v 阻碍；堵塞

He lives three blocks away from here.他住的地方与此处相隔三条街。

Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的路。

7．blow （熟义：吹，刮）n．打击

His wife’s death was a great blow to him. 他妻子的去世对他是一大打击。

8．book （熟义：书）v．预定，预购

I would like to book three seats for tonight’s concert.我想预定今晚音乐会的三个座位。9．buy （熟义：购买）v．相信

No one will buy that excuse. 谁也不会相信那个借口。

10．build （熟义：v．修建）n．身材，体型

The football player has a solid build．足球运动员体格健壮。

C

1．calm （熟义：冷静的，镇静的）adj．无浪的，风平浪尽的

The sea is calm.

2．can （熟义：能）n．罐头vt．做成罐头

Mother cans fruit．妈妈把水果做成罐头。

3．capital （熟义：首都）n．大写字母；资本

Write your name in block capitals, please. 姓名请用大写。

Jack set up a business with a starting capital of $100,000. Jack的创业资本是$100,000。