莫高窟英文介绍

Murals(壁画)
The murals on the caves spanned a long period of history from the 5th century to the 14th century
The murals are largely of Buddhist theme. however, some are traditional mythical themes （传统神 话主题） and portraits（画 像） of patrons （赞助人）
Early murals showed a strong influence of Indian and Central Asian in the painting techniques use.
A distincted Dunhuang style began to emerge during Northern Wei Dynasty.
Mogao Caves
contents
a. Brief introduction about Mogao Caves b. Works of art in Mogao Caves c. Cangjingdong (the Dunhuang-library-cave) d. Cultural robbery in Mogao Caves
An Britisharcheologist took away 24 boxes of scripts and 5 boxes of other works of art in 1907.
Over 10000 pieses of dunhuang relics are in the british Museum.
The mural commemorating（纪念）victory of Zhang Yichao over the Tibetans .
cave 156, latetong
The bigest mural
《五台山图》 宋
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Sculptures
• There are around 2,400 surviving clay sculptures at Mogao. These were first constructed on a wooden frame, padded with reed, then modelled （模型）in clay stucco（粘土）, and finished with paint. • The early sculptures were based on Indian and Central Asian （中亚）prototypes（原型） with some in Greco-Indian （印度希腊王国）style of Gandhara（古印度）. Over time the sculptures showed more and more Chinese elements and became gradually sinicize （中国化）.
735 caves currently exist in Mogao. The bestknown ones are the 487 caves located in the southern section of the cliff which are places of pilgrimage （朝拜 ） and worship
Cultural robbery in Mogao Caves
• I n 1908, a Franch archeologist obtained more than 10 thousand scripts at the cost of 600 tael(银两). Now most of pelliots are purchasing in franch museums.
Brief introdution about Mogao Caves
The Mogao Caves or Mogao Grottoes ( 莫高窟) also known as the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas (千佛洞). It has a system of 492 temples and has an oasis（绿洲） strategically（战略上） located at a religious and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road in Gansu province. • The caves may also be known as the Dunhuang Caves, however, this term also include other Buddhist cave sites in the Dunhuang area, such as The Westren Thousand Buddha Caves, and the Yulin Caves farther away. The caves contain some of the finest examples of Buddhist art （佛教艺术） spanning a period of 1,000 years. •
248 caves have also been found to the north which were living quarter, meditation chambers（冥想室 ） and burial sites（土葬） for the monks. The caves at the southern section are decorated, while those at the northern section are mostly plain（朴素）. The caves are clustered together according to their eara and new caves from a new dynasty being constructed in different part of the cliff
Xuanzang performing ceremonies for the Buddha
敦煌壁画中的唐僧礼佛图
Cave 409, Western Xia
Worshipping Bodhisattva, cave 285, Wei Dynasty.
Dancer, cave 220, early Tang Dynasty.
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An american explorer took away more than ten splendied wall paintings with chemical glue in 1924.
thank you!
Works of art in Mogao Caves
• caves • murals • Sculptures
Caves
The caves were cut into the side of a cliff （ 悬崖； 绝壁）which is close to two kilometers long. At its height during the Tang Dynasty, there were more than a thousands caves. But over time, many of the caves were lost including the earliest caves
Cangjingdong
• It was found in mogao caves at cave 17th in 1900. There were about 50000 books include books and notes which shocked the people all of the world. This finding supported a plenty of precious information for the study of chinese history, geography and some other parts. But after countries' robbery, most of the cultural relics were spreaded around the world and only few of them were protected in China.