非税收入论文：政府非税收入研究

非税收入论文：政府非税收入研究

【中文摘要】政府通过一定方式获取非税收入,是为了补偿非纯公共产品或服务的提供成本和费用。政府非税收入是政府财政收入的主要组成部分,在财政收入的构成中担负着遗失补缺的职责。规范非税收入,对推进公共财政建设、落实政府公共服务职能、促进社会的法治化、民主化意义深远。近年来,针对非税收入规范管理的相关改革已经开展,各地纷纷成立了专门的非税征管局,非税改革取得了一

定的成效,然而仍存在很多需要完善之处。本文结合安徽省非税运行实例,分别从非税收入的规模、增长速度、结构、宏观税负和征收管理等方面分析了非税收入近年来的发展状况。从非税收入现状中看到,一系列因素导致非税收入产生了种种问题,比如规模很大,增长速度

过快；专门的非税征管机构地位不突出；收费标准不一；票据和资金管理不规范；法制不健全等。产生这些问题的成因有：现行的分税制财政体制对政府财权和事权划分不清,分派地方较重的支出责任却不赋予其相应的财权,再加上政府间转移支付制度不规范,财力不足以

履行公共职能的地方政府只能抱希望于非税收入；另外,非税收入的法律体系、征管体系和预算管理体系的不完善,也为非税收入的不规范管理留下种种漏洞。于是,本文在借鉴美国、加拿大等国家非税征管经验的基础之上,针对非税收入存在问题提出政策建议,分别从四

个方面着手打造全方位的非税收入规范管理体系：首先是健全非税收入管理的外部配套体系,比如转变政府职能、完善现行分税制财政体

制、促进多元财政投融资体制改革等；其次是完善非税收入征管体系,分别从健全组织体系、规范审批权限、严格票据管理、推进信息化建设四个方面提出相关建议；紧接着是完善非税收入预算资金管理体系,包括分类管理、严格执行“收支两条线”、实行国库单一管理、预算公开透明化；最后是健全非税收入的监管体系,比如对非税收入进行权威立法,加强预算的全过程自动监督等。本文以法治化、民主化、公开化为原则,旨在将非税收入管理纳入公共财政框架之内,实现非

税收入征管的规范化、科学化、制度化,限制公共权力,促进政府合法有效地提供社会公共服务。

【英文摘要】The non-tax revenue is collected through a certain way by the government,which is to compensate for non-pure public goods or services costs and charges. As the main composition of the fiscal revenue, none-tax revenue shoulder the subsidiary responsibility for financing. It is meaningful for governmernt to standardize non-tax revenue which can promote the construction of public finance, implement the government’s public service function and promote society democratic and rule of law.In recent years, reforms related to standardizing management of non-tax revenue have been carried and have achieved some success,for example,special non-tax collection bureaus are set up from place to place. However, there are still a lot to perfect. In this paper, taking Anhui

Province as a problem, the development of non-tax recent years is analyzed respectively from the size,growth rate,structure and macroeconomic tax bearing.According to the status of

non-tax revenue, many problerms are existing,such as large size,growing too fast, status of special collection agencies is not prominent, fees vary, bills and money is not standardized, legal system is not perfect and so on.There are many causes of these problems. In the financial system of tax distribution,the division of the powers and property rights among governmernts is unclear.Local governments are assigned too heavy expenditure responsibilities,but not given the corresponding financial authority. Together with non-standard of the intergovernmental transfer system, local governments whose financial resources are not enough to implement public functions can only hold hope on non-tax revenue. In addition,the imperfection of the legal system,the administration system and the budget management system also leaves many loopholes for non-standard management of non-tax revenue.Then,drawing on the experience of the United States,Canada and other countries in non-tax collection, policy proposals are put forward on the problems of non-tax revenue in this paper,and a full range of non-tax revenue