翻译(一)第一章

Some Famous Cultural Viewpoints
*翻译不仅涉及语言问题，也涉及文化问题。
译者不仅要了解外国的文化，还要深入了解 自己民族的文化。不仅如此，还要不断地把 两种文化加以比较，因为真正的对等应该是 在各自文化中的含义、作用、范围、感情色 彩、影响等等都是相当的。翻译者必须是一 个真正意义的文化人。人们会说：他必须掌 握两种语言；确实如此，但是不了解语言当 中的社会文化，谁也无法真正掌握语言(王佐 良1989)。
For
truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function (Nida 2001: 82).
Teaching
Objectives: Have a good understanding of different views on translation (45 minutes). Be aware of the important role translation plays through the study of some cases (15 minutes). Be fully aware of the nature, scope and two important processes of translation. (30 minutes)
Literary Views on Translation
Translators
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
who hold this view believe that translation is an artistic recreation or a recreated art. Some modern Western scholars from the literary school take literary translation to be "the manipulation or rewriting of the source texts".
Linguistic Views on Translation
Translation
may be defined as the replacement of textual material in one language (the source language) by equivalent textual material in another language (the target language) (Catford 1965: 20).
Cultural Views on Translation
In
the cultural approach, translation is regarded not only as a transfer of linguistic signs, but also as a communication of cultures, i.e. translation is an "intercultural communication"; hence the terms of "intercultural cooperation", "acculturation", and "transculturation".
Some Famous Cultural Viewpoints
Translation
is a process which occurs between cultures rather than simply between languages (Shuttleworth & Cowie 1997: 35).
Communicative Views on Translation
Communicative
translation is generally oriented towards the needs of the target language reader or recipient. A translator who is translating communicatively will treat source text as a message rather than a mere string of linguistic units, and will be concerned to preserve source text's original function and to reproduce its effect on the new audience (Shuttleworth & Cowie 1997: 21).
Some Famous Cultural Viewpoints
A
translator who uses a cultural approach is simply recognizing that each language contains elements which are derived from its culture (such as greetings, fixed expressions and REALIA), that every text is anchored in a specific culture, and that conventions of text production and reception vary from culture to culture (Shuttleworth & Cowie 1997: 35).
Functional Views on Translation
It
is not the source text, or its effects on the source-text recipient, or the function assigned to it by the author, that determines the translation process, but the prospective function or purpose of the target text as determined by the initiator's, i.e. client's, needs (Baker 2001: 236).
Translating
consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the sourcelanguage message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style (Nida & Taber 1969: 12).
Translating
means translating meaning. Eugene Nida (1986) Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text (Newmark1988: 5). The translator attempts, within the bare syntactic and semantic constraints of the target language, to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the author (Newmark 1982: 22).
Translation
can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language.
Different Views on Translation
Linguistic
Views on Translation Cultural Views on Translation Literary Views on Translation Semantic Views on Translation Functional Views on Translation Communicative Views on Translation
Communicative Views on Translation
The
translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was produced by the original on the source language readers (Newmark 1982: 22).
翻译的中文定义
翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转 换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨 文化的交际活动。
II. Important Role of Translation
A
modern society sees an extensive use of translation on various occasions. A proper translation helps to promote mutual understanding between peoples of different cultural and social backgrounds, whereas a misunderstanding or improper rendering of words or expressions may lead to confusion.
I. What is Translation?
a

science an art a craft, or rather, a skill
Of
these varied opinions, which one holds true for our purpose?
Definition of Translation
Semantic Views on Translation
In
semantic translation, greater attention is paid to rendering the author's original thought-processes in target language than to attempting to re-interpret source text in a way which the translator considers more appropriate for the target setting (Shuttleworth & Cowie1997: 151).
Translation Theory and Practice ( I )
Chapter 1 General Introduction 主讲： 朱淑芹 E-mail: zsq672822@126.com School of Foreign Languages
The First Two Period
Literary Views on Translation

*文学翻译的任务是要把原作中包含的一定社 会生活的映象完好无损地从一种语言移注到 另一种语言中，在翻译过程中追求语言的艺 术美，再现原作的艺术性。用茅盾的话说， 是“使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作时 一样得到启发、感动和美的感受”。
Semantic Views on Translation