高三复习虚拟语气

高三英语复习：虚拟语气

一、语气的定义和种类：

l. 语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2. 语气的种类：

（1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。

We are not ready.

What a fine day it is！

We had something to eat after the show.

（2）祈使语气：表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

Open the door, please.

John, follow me.

Never say die. 永不言败。

Be still, and have your will. 坚持就能遂愿。

（3）虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。

If I were you，I should study English.

May you succeed！

⑷疑问语气：用来提出问题或询问情况。

If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

What is a man’s first duty? The answer is brief: to be himself.

Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?

二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法：

1. 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，

就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。

If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go to the park.

2. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。

If he had seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it.

3. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。现将虚拟条件从句和主

句的动词形式列表如下：

从句主句

与现在事实相反were/did would/ should / could / might do

与过去事实相反had done would/ should / could / might have done

与将来事实相反did / should do / were to do would/ should / could / might do

注：主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should 可用于各种人称。

If my brother were here，everything would be all right.

If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't （couldn't）have failed in the exam.

If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should /would/could/might go to see my grandmother.

If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out.

4. 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这

时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

If you had listened to the doctor，you would be all right now.

5. 虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式：

（l）省略连词if：在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。

Should he come, tell him to ring me up.

Were I you, I would not do it.

（2）用介词短语代替条件状语从句。有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。

Without air, there would be no living things.

But for your help, I couldn't have done it.

⑶假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。

I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.

（If I hadn't been busy that day，I would have gone there with them.）

I would have finished the work，but I have been ill.

（If I hadn't been ill，I would have finished the work.）

6. 省去条件从句或主句：表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略，但其含义仍可以推知。

⑴省去条件从句：

You could have washed your clothes yourself.

⑵省去主句（常用以表示愿望）：

If my grandmother were with me！

If only she had not left！

三、虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法

1、在带有even if/ even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语

气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。

Even if he had been ill，he would have gone to his office.

2、由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时, 从句谓语形式为动词的过去式

（be用were）或“had十过去分词”。

He treated me as if I were a stranger.

She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.

注：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

3、有些让步状语从句可能用现在的虚拟语气，特别是某些句型，有些用现在的虚拟语气，

有些用may, might, would构成谓语。

Though he be the President himself, he shall hear us.

Whatever be the reason for his action, we can’t tolerate such disloyalty.

Come what may, we will go ahead with out plan.

Poor though you might be, you can’t live all your life on charity.

4、在in order that, so that, for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用

“c ould/might/may/would（有时也用should）+ 动词原形”。

Mr. green spoke slowly so that his students could（might）hear clearly.

Bring some money in case you might use it later.

He left early in order that the children wouldn’t be alone in the house.

有些目的状语从句可用虚拟语气作谓语，主要用动词原形：

They removed the prisoners in order that they not disturb the others.

Lest anyone should think it strange, let me assure you that it is true.

They built defense works lest an attack (should) be launched that night.