英语修辞学

李树德 冯奇《英语修辞简明教程》，复旦大学出版社，2003
吕煦 《实用英语修辞》， 清华大学出版社，2004
张秀国 《英语修辞学》， 清华大学出版社，2005
Questions:
What is rhetoric? What is a figure of speech? Are they the same?
Definition of rhetoric: Chinese
张弓《现代汉语修辞学》： 修辞是为了有效地表达意旨、交流思想而适应现
实语境，利用民族语言各因素以美化语言。 北京大学语言学教研室《语言学名词解释》： 修辞是指最有效地运用语言，使语言很好地表达
思想感情的一种技巧。研究这种技巧的学问，就 叫修辞学。换言之，修辞学是以修辞的规律、方 法和语言手段的表现为研究对象的科学。
Definition of rhetoric
Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language (1972):
Rhetoric is the art or science of using words effectively in speaking or writing, especially of literary composition.
胡曙中 《英汉修辞比较研究》，上海外语教育出版社，1993
胡曙中 《现代英语修辞学》，上海外语教育出版社，2004
黄任 《英语修辞与写作》，上海外语教育出版社，1996
郭秀梅 《实用英语修辞学》，江苏人民出版社， 1985
李冀宏 《英语常用修辞入门》，世界图书出版公司，2ategory 1: (Western Rhetoric) Communicative Rhetoric
Aesthetic Rhetoric Category 2 （陈望道）
Introduction of English Rhetoric 英语修辞学
2010-3-1
Book List in Rhetoric
陈望道 《修辞学发凡》，上海外语教育出版社， 1979
谢祖钧 《英语修辞》， 机械工业出版社，
1988
范家材 《英语修辞赏析》，上海交通大学出版社，1998
冯翠华 《英语修辞大全》，外语教学语研究出版社，1995
Our definition of rhetoric
Rhetoric is an art or science of using words or language to persuade, influence or impress others in speaking or writing.
Categories of rhetoric
Definition of rhetoric
Francis Bacon: Rhetoric is a technique making it
possible to apply reason to imagination, for the better moving of the will.
Definition of rhetoric
Definition of rhetoric
Aristotle(384BC-322BC) Rhetoric Rhetoric may be defined as the
faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion. This is not a function of any other art.
Definition of rhetoric: Chinese
现代汉语词典: 修辞：修饰文字、词句，运用各种表现方式，使
语言表达得准确、鲜明而生动有力。 辞海： 修辞：依据题旨情景，运用各语文材料，各种表
现手法，恰当地表现写说者所要表达的内容的一 切活动。 陈望道《修辞学发凡》： 修辞不过是调整语辞，使达意传情能够适切的一 种努力。
The Oxford English Dictionary (1933):
Rhetoric is the art of using language so as to persuade or influence others; the body of rules to be observed by a speaker or writer in order that he may express himself with eloquence.
Definition of rhetoric
The Concise Oxford Dictionary (1982):
Rhetoric is the art of persuasive or impressive speaking or writing; language designed to persuade or impress (but perhaps insincere or exaggerated)
Definition of rhetoric
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1995):
Rhetoric is the language used to persuade or influence people, especially by politicians; the art of speaking or writing to persuade or influence people.
Definition of rhetoric
Cicero：famous orator in Roman Rhetoric is ……eloquence to persuade
their fellows of the truth of what they had discovered by reason.