2013年中考语法复习被动语态(含答案)

2013年中考语法复习被动语态英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

e.g.: Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。

Fish is eaten by cats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。

一、概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

三、主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换We visited that factory last summer →主动语态主语 谓语 宾语 状语That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 [练习]请将下列句子改为被动语态：1. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.2. I water my flowers every day.3. The wind blew down the big tree last night.4. Nobody has known me in this town yet the year before.5. We are planting trees in our school at the moment.6. We will grow some cotton in our town.7. They had invented the computer by the end of 1946.8. They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.四、被动语态的使用被动语态多用于书面语体，口语中不常用。

使用被动语态通常出于下列原因： （1）当叙述的中心是行为的对象而不是行为者时。

如：e.g.: Meat should always be kept cool .肉应该总是保存在低温下。

（2）当不知道、不容易指出、或不必要指出行为者时。

如： e.g.: His car was stolen last night. 他的车子昨天夜里被窃了。

（3）当要强调行为者时（此时用 by 短语）。

如：e.g.: The book was written by a college student .这本书是一个大学生写的。

五、含有双宾语的句子的被动语态有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。

需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to ”。

e.g.: He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）⎭⎬⎫.him by us to told often are stories g Interestin .him by stories g interestin told often are We （被动语态）口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾。

若把直宾变，to, for 间宾连。

六、复合宾语的被动语态在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to 被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to 还要还原。

e.g.: I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）↑ ↑复合宾语宾语补足语宾语 She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）注意：有这种用法的常用动词有：这些词包括：see, watch, notice, find, hear, let, make, have 等。

七、主动结构表示被动含义1. sell 等作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，用主动语态表被动意义。

e.g.: This kind of shirt sells well here.2. look, sound, taste, smell 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。

e.g.: Uniforms look ugly on us. Chinese food tastes delicious.3. be worth doing 中的doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。

e.g.: This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。

4. want/need/require + doing= want/need/ require + to be done e.g.: My watch needs repairing. = My watch needs to be repaired. 八、不用被动语态的情况1、不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silent, lose heart, take place.比较：rise, fall 是不及物动词；raise, seat 是及物动词。

(错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The price has raised.(对) The price has been raised. (错) Please seat.(对) Please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。

特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。

解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

2、不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 3、系动词无被动语态：be, become, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, stay, taste, turn It sounds good.4、带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night. They lived a simple life.5、当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

(对) She likes to swim.(错) To swim is liked by her.练习：一、选择题( ) 1. _____ a new library _____ in our school last year?A. Is; builtB. Was; builtC. Does; buildD. Did ; build( ) 2. An accident ____ on this road last week.A. has been happenedB. was happenedC. is happenedD. happened( )3.Cotton（棉花）____ in the southeast of China.A. is grownB. are grownC. growsD. grow( )4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.A. is visitedB. will be visitedC. has been visitedD. was visited( ) 5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. gives( ) 6.How many trees ____ this year?A. are plantedB. will plantC. have been plantedD. planted( ) 7.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doingB. are being doneC. has been doneD. will be done( ) 8.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year.A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used( ) 9.The Great Wall ____ all over the world.A. knowsB. knewC. is knownD. was known( ) 10.Who _____ this book _____?A. did; writtenB. was; written byC. did; writtenD. was; written( ) 11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.A. was told usB. was told to usC. is told usD. told us( ) 12. The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.A. jumpB. jumpsC. jumpedD. to jump( ) 13. The school bag ___ behind the chair.A. putsB. can be putC. can be puttedD. can put( ) 14. Older people ____ well.A. looks afterB. must be looked afterC. must look afterD. looked after( ) 15.Our teacher ______ carefully.A. should be listened toB. should be listenC. be listenedD. is listened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．st year a large number of trees______________（cut）down．6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.9. What _______ knives ______ (make) of ?They_______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood.10. Can the magazine ________ (take) out of the library?11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day.12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime.13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already.14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well.15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city?16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone __________(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）_______ people _________ tea in South China？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）A birthday present _______ _______ _______ _______by my parents every year．3. The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How_______ _______ the work going to be finished ?4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)An English song ______ ______ _______ by the children.5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)It ______ ________ ________ by you now.6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)Metal ________ _________ _______making machines.7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)I ______ ________ ________ ______ that for him.8. They are watching the football match.The football match _______ _______ _______ by them.9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)__________ a bridge ________ here by them a year ago?10. They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)The light green dresses ________ _________ ___________ out.11. We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _______ ________ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词1. The new bike _________ _________ ________ ___________ （买给我）by my parents asa present last week.2. _______ your mobile phone _______ _______ ________（是国产的吗）?3. The whole mountain is _________ _________ (覆盖) the snow.五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来1. I have a lot of homework to be done tonight．____________2. Is your history teacher listened carefully in class? ____________3. Lei Fang’s name remembered by all Chinese people. ____________4. The music is sounded beautiful. ____________5. By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _____________参考答案一、选择题1. B2. D3.A4. C5.C6.C7.B8.B9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B 15.A二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空1. will be built2. is being discussed3. is, spoken4. hasn’t been found5. were cut6. are told7. must be sent 8. are sold 9. are made, are made 10. be taken 11. is cleaned 12. be seen13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been16. smells 17 is dancing三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词1.Do, grow2. is given to me3.soon is4. will be sung5. needn’t be done6. is used for7. was made to do 8. is being watched 9. was built10. have been sold 11. is called四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词1. was bought for me2. Is made in China3. covered with五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来1. be done改为do2. listened改为listened to3. remembered 改为was remembered4. is sounded 改为sounds5. By who 改为By whom。