初中英语被动语态(一)

被动语态：
1）. 一般现在时的被动语态为：主＋am / is / are （not）＋过去分词Butter is made from milk.
一般过去时的被动语态为：主＋was / were ＋过去分词
This house was built 100 years ago.
如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者，句子后面需接by ~ ，译为“被（由）…”
如：W e were woken up by a loud noise . 我们被嘈杂的声音吵醒。

2）. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语＋is / am / are + being ＋过去分词
Some new houses are being built near the park. 公园附近在建一些房子。

3）. 现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语＋have / has ＋been ＋过去分词My key has been stolen. My keys have been stolen.
4）. 一般将来时主语＋will ＋be ＋过去分词
This letter will be written by him tomorrow morning.
5）.过去将来时主语＋would / should + be ＋过去分词
6）.过去进行时主语＋was / were + being ＋过去分词
7）.过去完成时主语＋had + been +过去分词
8）.含有情态动词的被动语态: 主语+情态动词＋be＋过去分词
A note had better be left to him. Teenagers should be allowed to wear their own clothes
肯定句：主语＋情态动词（can , may , must）+be+ 过去分词…
否定句：主语＋情态动词＋not + be + 过去分词…
疑问句：情态动词（Can , May , Must ）＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋….
如：W e should allow teenagers to surf the Internet .
－Teenagers should be allowed to surf the Internet.
Can you use it ? 你会使用它吗？－Can it be used ?
2．被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。

归纳：
肯定句：主语＋be + 过去分词＋（by ~）
否定句：主语＋be not ＋过去分词＋（by ~）
一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋过去分词＋（by ~）?
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋（by ~）
3. 不能用于被动语态的几种情况
（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词时，不能改为被动语态。

He saw himself in the mirror. W e often help each other. （2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have , like , take place , belong to …）
I will have a meeting. 不说A meeting will be had. 应说A meeting will be held .
一．用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. A lot of water is wasted_ (waste) every year. It’s a serious problem.
2. Now many kinds of work can be done_________ (can do) by robots.
3. English __________ (speak) as a second language in some countries.
(1999山西)
4. Fish may _be caught____ ____ (catch) in the river. (1999呼和浩特)
5. A new bridge _________ (build) over the river last year.
6. The children _are_____ often __told____ (tell) to be careful with fire.
7. The accident _________ (happen) just now.
8. Now he ___is___ (be) asked if the meeting _will be hold______ (hold) next Friday.
二．将下列句子改为被动语态
1. Y ou must send your sister to hospital at once.
She must _____ _____ to hospital at once.
2. The foreigners can’t understand this word. (1999广东)
This word can’t _____ _____ by the foreigners.
3. Many people speak French in China.
French _____ _____ by many people in China.
4. Mike drew a picture on the blackboard.
A picture _____ _____ on the blackboard by Mike.
5. Someone took away the boxes yesterday. (1999甘肃)
The boxes _____ _____ away by someone yesterday.
6. He doesn’t clean the meet ing-room every day.
The meeting-room _____ _____ every day.
7. Y ou can look up the word in the dictionary.
The word can _____ _____ _____ in the dictionary.
8. I’ll buy my daughter a new watch.
A new watch will _____ _____ _____ my daughter.
9. The boss made the workers work all day.
The workers __were___made to _____ _____ work all day (by the bos s).
10. W e saw some boys playing football behind the house.
Some boys _____ _____ _____ football behind the house.
三．单项选择
1. Paper _____ first invented in China. (1999昆明)
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
2. –Do you like the flower ?
-Y es, it _____ sweet. (1999内蒙古)
A. is smelling
B. smelt
C. is smelt
D. smells
3. His schoolbag _____ away by a woman ten minutes ago. (1998河北)
A. took
B. had taken
C. was taken
D. were taken
4. It snowed heavily last night. The ground _____ thick snow. (1998武汉)
A. was covered with
B. was filled with
C. was made of
D. was
getting on with
5. The light in the room _____ before you leave. (1998广州)
A. must turn off
B. will turn off
C. are turned
D. must be
turned off
6. Chinese _____ by Miss W ang three years ago. (1998吉林)
A. was taught
B. is taught
C. was teached
D. were taught
7. Y oung trees _____ quite often. (1998武汉)
A. should water
B. should be water
C. should be watered
8. _____ the kind of question often _____ in your class, Ann? (1997山东)
A. Does; ask
B. Is; asked
C. Has; asked
D. Will; ask。