LELTS阅读讲义附表
雅思强化阅读精讲班第5讲讲义
雅思强化阅读精讲班第5讲讲义判断题（三）一、LSE的原则和技巧一、原则：F1原则（绝对化）：题干在范围、程度上使用了比原文更绝对的词。
例如：原文说some/many，题干说all。
或者原文说sometimes，题干说always/usually。
例1 原文：Many lecturers find their jobs very rewarding.题干：All lecturers get something positive from their work.例2原文：Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom.另外，请参见《剑桥6》移民类第一套阅读第五题F2原则（一个萝卜一个坑）：原文与题干考点词的类型相同，但是具体内容不同。
例题：F2原则的例题包括：《剑桥3》：T2P1Q2，T3P1Q1/Q2，T3P2Q16，T4P2Q22/Q23《剑桥4》：T1P1Q5《剑桥5》：T2P3Q36，T3P2Q20F3原则（实体限定）：原文提供了多种实体选择，而题干仅限定于其中一中。
例如：原文说Ａ and/or B ，题干说only A 。
A and B 相当于NOT only A ，所以存在矛盾，选FALSE 。
例题：F3原则的例题：《剑桥4》T3P1Q11二、技巧：FS1技巧（S代表skill）：含有绝对范围、程度考点词的题目大多数选FALSE/NO。
雅思强化阅读精讲班第10讲讲义
原文： While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. Q32 题干： Although Australia’s record in the re-use of waste paper is good, it is still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and ... (32) .. . to make new paper.
Foul smelling chemicals are often used to irritate the bees and drive them down into the hive’s bottom boxes, leaving the honey-filled supers more or less bee free. These can then be pulled off the hive. They are heavy with honey and may weigh up to 90 pounds each. The supers are taken to a warehouse. In the extracting room, the frames are lifted out and lowered into an F ‘uncapper’ where rotating blades shave away the wax that covers each cell. The uncapped frames are put in a carousel that sits on the bottom of a large stainless steel drum. The carousel is filled to capacity with 72 frames. A switch is flipped and the frames begin to whirl at 300 revolutions per minute; centrifugal force throws the honey out of the combs. Finally the honey is poured into barrels for shipment.
雅思阅读7.0课程讲义(简略)汇编
阅读7.0讲义40 9 30-31 738-39 8.5 (26)27-29 6.535-37 8 23-25 6(32)33-34 7.5 20-22 5.5老五大题型1.List of Headings 选段意(选标题)2.Matching 配对(段落信息配对题)3.True/False/Not Given 判断题4.Summary 摘要题5.Multiple Choice/MC 选择题小五小题型:1.Sentence Completion2.Table Completion3.Picture Naming4.Flow Charts5.Short Answer Questions2.General SolutionsSW”三部曲”1.划掉(常用主题重复)2.特殊(数字字体标点符号)3.独特(名>动>形/副)①key words & signal wordsA.KEY WORDS 含义B.SIGNAL WORDS—定位词1.独特的词n. *（名词）＞v.（动词）＞adj.（形容词）或者adv.（副词）不能定位的词:1.常用的词（常用的）2.文章主题词（主题词）3.同题型内重复词（同一题重复再重复）B.SIGNAL WORDS—定位词2.特殊词(优先)各种数字(时间)特殊字体(大写,斜体,地点)各种符号(钱,百分…)特殊标点(引号,Ａ－Ｂ…)②Scanning & SkimmingA. Scanning熟读题B. Skimming文章结构读各段首句及末句③抓”三点”法“点”=同义词Tip1: 抓KWTip2: 关注否定(no, not…)和“隐含否定”如：independent 、used to do sth. 、until recently、as was once the caseTip3:比较级VS 最高级List of Headings选段意文前出现慎用排除法首先解决它解题步骤: “四部曲”1.通读2.读headings3.读文章4.比较解题前戏:①给段落标号②划掉例子1.通读(确定topic)TitlePictureSkimming 首句2.读Headings目的: 每个heading至少找出一个KeyWord1、排除不符合文章主题的heading反义twinsTricks:①首段对应词1.view/concept /conception/definition/ introduction/essence/explanation/notion/core/main idea/initiation/justification…+ 文章的TOPIC2. what is/ what makes/ what leads to+文章topic3. defy, justify+文章topic②末段对应词effect (affect)/influence/impact/prediction/future/prospect/outlook/perspective/conclusion/result/challenge/consequence/aftermath/…+文章的TOPIC③主体特殊词1.金钱：income/expenditure/expense/financial / business/salary/wage/cost/commercial/ revenue/dealing/purchase2.数字：figure/number/amount/statistic(al)/data/demographics/calculation/census3.百分比：rate/ratio/proportion/percentage/density4.时间：time/period/century/ages/decades/ generation/tradition/heritage/process/procedure/duration多段落section1.主题多个(有and等并列词的一般可选)2.看各段首末句,找出其关系3.多段落按总分/总分总结构思路：先读末段解题，（未遂），回首段。
雅思阅读教材完整版
阅读20课时课程框架1- 2 英语基本概念+从句判断3- 4 配对题----heading题5- 6 配对题----which paragraph题+sentence ending题7-8 配对题----detail matching题+classify题9-10 判断题111-12 判断题213-14 摘要题+填空题15-16 选择题17-18 简答题19-20 平行阅读法英语基本概念(一)十大词性：八大句子成分：(二)句子核心：句子主干举例：长得乖巧的常被邻居夸奖但今天却被妈妈骂了的小明不开心地看似有点想不开的步履蹒跚地走过了这条五年前由他爸爸主持修建的桥。
主干：句子能称为句子，一定是有动词的。
造句练习：1.他造了一座桥。
2.他和我在一起。
1.2.五大基本句型 3.4.5.区分下列句式：(1) Xiaoming finds food bitter.(2) Xiaoming finds food bitterly.(3) Xiaoming finds his little sister some bitter food.造句并说明句型1.汽车使交通变得方便。
2.我给你找了个房子。
3.人们认为猴子很奇怪。
(三)长难句：1.加入复杂修饰成分：形容词，介词短语等2.加入复杂结构：插入语等3.合并多个句子：并列句& 主从句(四)从句概念：八大句子成分中，除谓语动词和补语外，当一个句子充当某成分时，该从句就叫做某某从句。
如一个句子做主语，则该从句叫主语从句。
1. ________从句+动词2. 实义动词+________从句主干性从句(五)六大从句判断标准 3. 系动词+________从句4. 具体名词+________从句5. 抽象名词+________从句修饰性从句6. ______从句，去掉不影响句子完整度(六)六大从句共同特点：1.有连词（可省略）且置于从句句首2.连词在句中做成分，有意思（that除外）3.从句用陈述语序（让步状语从句例外）验证：他住在哪里？我不知道他住在哪里。
雅思阅读讲义
5
Summarizing
能够快速领悟 出一个段落或一个句子核心信息
2
IELTS Reading
6. Reading techniques recommended
1 用半分钟浏览三篇文章的标题以及其后的题目
2 先看题目，再看文章
3 一定要阅读每个题目的指令（如阅读范围，答案词数要求）
4 找到题目中的关键词：时间，人名，地名，数字，斜体字，大写字，黑体字，括 号，引号，划线部分，以及一些较长或者拼写比较特别的词
This is a very interesting story.
2. 代词短语（ pronominal phrase ） Between you and me, he is rather stupid.
Waves rushed upon him one after another.
3. 动词短语 （ verb phrase） We study English every day.
2 –3 short passages 2 passages of medium
length 1 passage of 800-1000
words
2. Scores (on a scale of 1 - 9)
分数 9 8.5 8 7.5 7 6.5 6 5.5 5 4.5 4
A 类答对题数 39 - 40 37 - 38 35 - 36 33 - 34 30 - 32 27 - 29 23 - 26 20 - 22 16 - 19 13 - 15 10 - 12
8. 剑桥系列习题集的使用 剑桥雅思系列的每一篇阅读文章起码要做够 三遍 第一遍，严格限时做题， 进行模考演练， 既能测试自己的水平， 又能保持好的临战状态。 第二遍，放松时间严格按照正确的步骤方法做题， 并将每个题在文章中的依据标示出来，
【7A文】暑期雅思阅读课讲义完整版
王晓春雅思阅读课讲义IELTS Reading Lecture Notes by Spring Wang（版权所有严禁翻印）目录第一章雅思阅读考试基本情况介绍第二章雅思阅读考试词汇学习第三章雅思阅读与英语句子第四章雅思阅读与英语段落结构第五章雅思阅读核心解题技能第六章List of Headings 题注意事项和解题方法第七章Summary题注意事项和解题方法第八章TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN题注意事项和解题方法第九章Matching题注意事项和解题方法第十章Multiple Choice题注意事项和解题方法第十一章Sentence Completion题注意事项和解题方法第十二章Short Answer Question题注意事项和解题方法第十三章Table/Diagram/Flow Chart题注意事项和解题方法第十四章最新仿真阅读材料附录第一章雅思阅读考试基本情况介绍雅思考试（IELTS）考试的全称是：International English Language Testing System（国际英语语言测试系统）。
它是由剑桥大学地方考试委员会，英国文化委员会和澳大利亚教育国际开发署共同举办的国际英语考试。
考题主要是由剑桥大学地方考试委员会出，英国文化委员会和澳大利亚教育国际开发署主要负责一些考务管理方面的事情。
雅思考试是针对去英语国家留学或移民人员的一种语言能力的测试。
接受雅思成绩的国家以前是以英联邦和欧洲为主。
而现在北美也越来越多地接受雅思成绩。
雅思考试分为Academic Module（学术类考试，简称A类考试）和General Training Module（普通培训类考试，简称G类考试）。
A类主要是为留学，G类主要是为移民。
两类考试的听力和口语部分完全一致，但在阅读和写作部分有所区别。
A类阅读考试●考试时间为60分钟。
要特别注意的是：听力部分的考试会在结束后专门提供10分钟的时间用于誊写答案。
雅思强化阅读精讲班第13讲讲义
原文：The changes in awareness have been most marked in English-speaking countries, where the realization has gradually dawned that by no means everyone in the world knows
English well enough to negotiate in it. This is especially a problem when English is not an Q17 official language of public administration, as in most parts of the Far East, Russia, Eastern Europe, the Arab world, Latin America and French-speaking Africa. 题干：An example of a part of the world where people may have difficulty7)…
22
…………………………………………………
23
…………………………………………………
24
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原文：The criticism and publicity given to this problem since the 1960s seems to have greatly improved the situation. Industrial training schemes have promoted an increase in linguistic and cultural awareness. Many firms now have their own translation services; to take just one example in Britain, Rowntree Mackintosh now publish their documents in six Q21-24 languages (English, French, German, Dutch, Italian and Xhosa). Some firms run part-time language courses in the languages of the countries with which they are most involved; some produce their own technical glossaries, to ensure consistency when material is being translated. 题干：List the FOUR main ways in which British companies have tried to solve the
雅思阅读,IELTS,精品版讲义课件
was were 一般过去时态：was \were
主动： 过去进行时态：was\ were +doing
一般过去时态：was \were done
被动： 过去进行时态：was \were being done
三、 have has 一般现在时态： have\has
现在完成时态: have\has done
被动语态：have\has been done
现在完成进行时态：have\has been doing
had 一般过去时态:had
过去完成时态：had done
被动语态：had been done
过去完成进行时态：had been doing
பைடு நூலகம்
情态动词 包括：can could will would should may need must ... + do
雅思阅读
雅思复习是个苦差事 稳扎稳打才是硬道理
• 巧学+苦练=0.5—1分的提高（每月） • 巧学
1 语法 2 词汇 3 粗译—翻译主干 总结段意
苦练 练习剑桥真题5-9 其中8·9练速度
总计划—月计划—周计划—天计划—小时计划
雅思阅读的形式和实质
• 1小时
雅思阅读考试时长为1小时。Time is the biggest enemy. 对于中 国考生来说，雅思考试阅读部分最让他们头疼的是：读不完文章，做 不完题目。
应句（一句或二三句）然后判断做题 注意事项:
注意题目答案的拼写要求 例如“TRUE”不要写成“true、yes 或打钩哟！
第二大题型 判断题
每题做题的时间不准超过两分钟 因为有些题目NOT GIVEN
IELTS阅读讲义
快速阅读阅读的四个层次：词雅思基础阅读精讲班第2讲讲义SECTION 1定位词（查找细节）SECTION 1 Questions 1-14Questions 1-4There are six job advertisements A-F on the opposite page.Answer the questions below by writing the letters of the appropriate advertisements in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.Questions 5-10Read the page from a UK telephone directory on the opposite page.Answer the questions below by writing the appropriate telephone number in boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet.What should you dial if ….Operator Services 101The operator is there to help you if you have difficulty making a call or if you want to use any of our special call services. These include: ALARM CALLS * ADVICE OF DURATION CHARGE * CREDIT CARD CALLS * FIXED TIME CALLS * FREEFONE CALLS * PERSONAL CALLS * TRANSFERRED CHARGE CALLS * SUBSCRIBER CONTROLLED TRANSFER. For details of charges see our free leaflet. Dial 101 and ask for financial services.International Operator 123See Section 3 (international) for details.Directory Enquiries 142Tell the operator the town you require. Have paper and pencil ready.International Directory Enquiries 130Emergency 010Tell the operator what service you want.Faults 166Any fault should be reported to the local fault repair service.Sales 170Telemessage 190If you have something special to say and prefer to say it in writing.International Telemessage 191International Telegrams 192You can send a telegram to most other countries.Maritime Service 200SHIP’S TELEGRAM SERVICE * SHIP’S TELEPHONE SERVICE * INMARSAT SATELLITE SERVICE (DIAL 177). You can call or send a message to someone aboard ship by using our Maritime Services. For telephone calls to ships quote the name of the Coast Radio Station if known. For INMARSAT (Maritime Satellite) service dial 178. Give the ship’s name, its identification number and ocean region, if known. International Directory Enquiries, code 130, can say if a ship is equipped for satellite service and provide the number.Any Other Call Enquiries 111Questions 11-14划定位词顺序：1 数字和大写字母优先（原词重现）2 独特名词>独特动词>独特形容词或副词3 不能作为定位词：常用词（student ）、文章主题词（job advertisements ）、同一题型内部重复出现的词（telephone ）Read the following notice.Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage answer the questions below. Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Example AnswerWhich job is in a travel agent’s? D 1Which job is in a hotel?2Which job is for someone to look after a child?3Which TWO advertisements are for waiters?4Which TWO jobs would particularly like a German speaker?Example Answeryou want to speak to the International Operator? 1235there is something wrong with your telephone?6there has been an accident and you want to call an ambulance?7you want to find out a number in a foreign country?8you want to know how much telephone calls cost?9you want to purchase an answer-phone machine?10you want to use a credit card to pay for a telephone call?FIRE NOTICEIn the event of fire, the ALARM will ring. On hearing the fire alarm, all those in the West Wing should evacuate the building by staircase J. Rooms 1 to 199 are in the West Wing. All others should use staircase A. The assembly area for occupants of the West Wing is the staff car park at the rear of the building. All others assemble in the front courtyard.Evacuate the building even if the alarm stops.If you discover a fire, shout “FIRE” and operate the nearest fire alarm. Attack the fire with an extinguisher but do not take any risks. Inform reception by dialing 3333.Example AnswerWhere is room 1? the West Wing 11You are in room 101. Which staircase should you use to evacuate the building?12You are in room 201. Where should you wait outside after evacuating the building?13What should you do if the alarm stops?14Who should you contact if you discover a fire?SECTION 2SECTION 2 Questions 15-27Questions 15-20Read “Information for New Students” below and answer the questions that follow.Write your answers in boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet.Questions 21-27Read the passage below about a college in the city of Bath, written in 1985, and answer the questions that follow.The CollegeThe college uses buildings in five different places. Where are the following things located?In boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet writeHILTON ENGLISH LANGUAGE CENTREINFORMATION FOR NEW STUDENTSCLASS TIMES9.00 am –10.30am 11.00am –12.30pm 13.0pm –3.00pmThe Language Centre is open Monday to Friday. Each class has one afternoon free per week. On the first day go to the lecture hall to check your timetable.SELF-ACCESSThe language laboratory (Room 1110) is open Monday to Friday from 3.15pm to 5.00pm for all full-time students. You can learn how to use the computers for language games or word-processing.There are cassettes for students to borrow to practise their English. Go in and ask the teacher to show you.If you plan to take public examinations, there are dictation and listening comprehension cassettes for you to practise with. There are cloze exercises on the computers. Ask your class teacher for a list of past exam essays. Students can borrow cassettes to take home but they must be returned after two days.ATTENDANCEAll students on student visas are expected to attend classes regularly. Students who do not attend classes will be reported to OSS. Eighty per cent attendance is required for students to receive their certificate on completion of their course. It is also required by OSS for an extension to your visa.BOOKSIf students are given course books, the books are their responsibility.If a book is lost, the student will be expected to pay for it. If students wish to buy books, there is a bookshop in the college specializing in English books (Room 3520). 15When do classes begin and end on a full day ？16How many afternoons does a class meet each week?17Where are the timetables displayed?18Who can use the language laboratory after classes?19Who is available in the self-access center to help the students?20How much of a course must you attend according to visa restrictions?NP if something is located in N ewton P ark C if something is located in C orsham SH if something is located in S ion H illSC if something is located in S omerset C rescent SP if something is located in S ydney P laceExample Answer A landscaped garden SH21Central Administration 22Home Economics Block 23Art and Design Foundation Course 24Art and Design Degree Course after 198625Post-graduate Residences 26Sports Hall 27Music Block保打 印 关闭The college has the advantage of location in one of the most attractive cities in the country. Within the city of Bath it occupies modern buildings in a landscaped garden on Sion Hill, Lansdown and an adjacent Georgian Crescent, Somerset Crescent, which includes teaching and residential accommodation for post-graduate studies. It also occupies three houses in Sydney Place, which are used for studio and workshop accommodation for part-time courses in the Visual Arts and for the Foundation Course in Art and Design.The Newton Park site is situated four miles west of Bath between the villages of Newton St Loe and Corston. Within the grounds are a Georgian mansion, where the college’s central administration is located, an Elizabethan dairy, stables and the tower of a medieval manor house; all these older buildings have been adapted to present-day use. A new purpose-built Home Economics block was opened in January 1985. During 1986 a new Sports Hall will be completed and new residential blocks are under construction to be completed ready for the start of the academic year in September 1986; a new Music Block will be completed in 1987.The Art and Design degree courses which are currently accommodated at Corsham, about nine miles east of Bath, will be moved to the Sion Hill site in Bath by September 1986 thus reinforcing Faculty and Course links.The college courses are designed to take advantage of the special opportunities and circumstances provided by itsenvironment. Students have available such resources as the Costume and Fashion Research Centre, the Royal Photographic Centre and the Museum of American Domestic Life at Claverton. Concerts and recitals, including some given by staff and students, take place throughout the year in the Assembly Rooms.保 存 打 印 关 闭雅思基础阅读精讲班第3讲讲义复习《定位词》复习第一讲《定位词》Questions 32-40Read the Useful Hints for using a gas cooker on page 53, and answer the following questions. 32If you want to cook food rapidly, which burner should you use?33If the flame is too high.A gas is wastedB the pan is placed centrallyC the worktop is scorchedD it produces deposits34 A ‘moderate’ oven is … a ‘warm’ oven.A not as hot asB the equivalent ofC hotter thanD at the same time as35How long does it take the oven to become ‘very hot’?36When grilling food, the grill doorA must be kept openB must be set to ‘MAX’C must not overhang the sideD must be removed37Various dishes … be cooked at the same time in the oven.A mustB canC cannotD need to38What kind of utensils should not be kept in the storage drawer?39Which system of temperature is used on the oven control knob?40Cooking utensils may be made of a range of materials, but they must beA flammableB preheatedC steadyD ceramicUSING YOUR SCORPIO COOKER: USEFUL HINTSFollow these useful hints to obtain the best results when using your new SCORPIO cooker.Choice of burnerUse large burner to bring liquids to the boil quickly, brown meat and generally for all food that is cooked rapidly. Use small burners for stewed dishes and sauces.To conserve gas, place the pan centrally over the burner and adjust the flame so that it does not extend past the edges of the pan.Do not boil food too rapidly. A strong boil does not cook any faster but violently shakes up the food, which may then lose its taste.WRONG CORRECTflame too high – wastes gas f lame not past edges of pan – conserves gasUtensilsAll normally available utensils (aluminium, stainless steel, cast iron, ceramic, etc.) may be used on your new gas cooker, but ensure that they are steady, in order to avoid dangerous spill-over of hot liquids.Caution: Large UtensilsWhen a cooker is installed close to a worktop, ensure that whenever large utensils are used, they are placed so that they do not overhang the side of the hotplate, as this may cause scorching or charring of the worktop surface.Warning: Asbestos MatsDo not use asbestos mats as they tend to cause a temperature build-up which can damage the enamel.GrillerThe grill burner has variable settings, the high setting being denoted by ‘MAX’ and the low setting by ‘MIN’ on the griller control knob.Note: The grill door should be left open during grilling.OvenWhen using recipes that refer to temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit, the conversion scale located on the splashback will provide a ready means of finding the equivalent in degrees Celsius so that the oven control knob can readily be set to the correct temperature. This is the temperature on the second雅思基础阅读精讲班第6讲讲义段落主旨段落主旨掌握主旨：What ：主旨=主题+方向+关系词（无词阅读法三要素）How ：变速阅读=精读首句（主题+方向），浏览全段（关系词）图A ：汉语族人的思维方式 图B ：英语族人的思维方式Save the best for the last Say what you want to say, then say why基础阅读教材70页 Questions 13-18Look at the welcome letter to students. The text has 7 sections (1-7).Choose the most suitable heading for each section from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate numbers (i-x ) in boxes 13-18 on your answer sheet. Note: There are more headings than sections so you will not use all of them. Example Answer Section 1 vi13Section 214Section 315Section 416Section 517Section 618Section 7List of headingsclass. Arrange for a ‘study buddy’ to collect materials for you if you are absent. to develop the ability to work independently and to organise your time.fail.Students who pass the course will receive a certificate of achievement.v Financial5Paragraph Eassistancevi Special6Paragraph Fconsiderationvii University by-lawsviii Identificationix Study skillsworkshopsA There are two formal examination periods each year; first semester period beginning in June and the secondsemester period beginning in November. Additionally, individual departments may examine at other times aby various methods such as ‘take-home’ exams, assignments, orally, practical work and so on.B If you feel your performance in an examination has been adversely affected by illness or misadventure, youshould talk to the course Co-ordinator in your department and complete an appropriate form. Each case isconsidered on its own merits.C The University has arrangements with universities throughout the United States, Canada, Europe and Asiaschemes are open to undergraduate and postgraduate students and allow you to complete a semester or a yeayour degree overseas. The results you gain are credited towards your degree at this university. This offers anexciting and challenging way of broadening your horizons and enriching your academic experience in adifferent environment and culture.D Youth Allowance may be available to full-time students. Reimbursement of travel costs may also be availablin some cases. Postgra, duate research funds are offered for full-time study towards Masters by Research orPhD degrees. These are competitive and the closing date for applications is 31 October in the year prior to thone for which the funds are sought.E Your student card, obtained on completion of enrolment, is proof that you are enrolled. Please take special caof it and carry it with you when you’re at the university. You may be asked to show it to staff at any time. Thcard is also your discount card and access card for the Students’ Union as well as allowing you access to thelibrary.F The Union provides opportunities for a wide range of activities, from the production of films and plays, toconcerts and magazines, and even art and photo exhibitions. If you have a creative idea in mind, pick up a fofrom ACCESS on Level 3, Wandsworth Building.保 存 打 印 关 闭保 存 打 印 关 闭 雅思基础阅读精讲班第9讲讲义掌握段落主旨（三）巩固掌握段落主旨的两种方法复习前两讲掌握段落主旨的两种方法方法一：段落结构法1.总分——总分总2.分总——分总分3.对比——并列 优势：普遍性 劣势：没有简便性方法二：重复出现法 1.原词重复 2.同类词重复 3.指代重复 优势：简便性 劣势：没有普遍性Questions 1-9 基础阅读教材96页1 Paragraph B2 Paragraph C3 Paragraph D4 Paragraph E5 Paragraph FChanging our Understanding of HealthA The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meanings of health have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in Western society today, when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.B For much of recent Western history, health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in thismachine. Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms. According to this view, creating health for people means providing medical care to treat or prevent disease and illness. During this period, there was an emphasis on providing clean water, improved sanitation and housing.C In the late 1940s the World Health Organisation challenged this physically and medically oriented view of health. They stated that ’health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease’ (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically (mind/ body/ spirit) and not just in physical terms.D The 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasising the importance of the lifestyle and behaviour of the individual. Specific behaviours which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviours and lifestyles. While thisList of Headingsi Ottawa International Conference on Health Promotion ii Holistic approach to healthiii The primary importance of environmental factors iv Healthy lifestyles approach to healthv Changes in concepts of health in Western society vi Prevention of diseases and illness vii Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion viii Definition of health in medical terms ix Socio-ecological view of health Example Answer Paragraph A vG with relentless and cool-headed determination by an able and cohesive Government and civil service, and education has been at the heart of this.This has not only meant developing the skills needed by a fast-expanding company, it has also meant forming a cohesive, motivated citizenry out of an extremely multi-ethnic and multilingual population. In both these objectives, Singapore has been very successful. It is one of the fastest-growing economies and is ranked fourth in the world in gross domestic product per capita.H Policy-makers cannot hope to take policies from Singapore and make them work in Britain. However, two things can be learned. One is that, in certain environments at least, concerted and long-term planning can pay dividends. The other is that education is about more than improving economic competitiveness. Forming skills and forming citizens can go hand-in-hand.保 存 打 印 关 闭age profile.Section (iv)Overall, female students outnumbered male students in the survey. However, there were more males than females from four countries: Iran, Indonesia, Korea, and, to a lesser extent, China. Females accounted for 60% of students from Taiwan, Switzerland, and Japan. Gender differences concerning the responses to questions were noticed, but varied widely according to nationality.Section (v)A very high proportion (87%) of students had completed senior high school or better. Just under one-third had completed a university degree, and 5% had completed a postgraduate degree. Over a third had at least completed high school, and over 20% had completed a technical diploma or junior college.Students with a maximum middle school education formed less than 7% of all respondents, and came predominantly from Hong Kong, Indonesia, and Taiwan. Iranian students were among the highest educated, with more than half having already completed a postgraduate degree.Koreans. Thais. and Chinese were also particularly well educated, with over 60% of each national group having completed at least a first a university degree. Almost half of the Japanese and more than half of the Swiss respondents had completed education to senior high school level or less.Section (vi)While student visa holders took either 10-29 week or 40 week courses, most students on working holiday and tourist visas took courses of less than 10 weeks, or from 10 to 19 weeks in length.More than 50% of all students were taking courses of between 10 and 29 weeks, with the proportion fairly evenly divided between the 10-19 week and 20-29 week ranges. A large proportion of students were taking courses of at least 40 weeks in length, and only a few students indicated enrolment in courses shorter than 10 weeks.There were noticeable differences between nationalities, with Koreans, Japanese, and Taiwanese taking longer courses than other nationalities, and Swiss and other European students taking much shorter courses.Section (vii)Interest in further education differed significantly from country to country. Students from Iran (94.8%), Hong Kong (88.7%), China (88.4%), Thailand (88.3%), and Indonesia (85.4%) registered high levels of interest, whereas lower interest was shown by respondents from JapanThe Nature of DisputesTo resolve a dispute means to turn opposing positions into a single outcome. The two parties may choose to focus their attention on one or more of three basic factors. They may seek to (1) reconcile their interests, (2) determine who is right, and/or (3) determine who is more powerful.Section AInterests are needs, desires, concerns, fears – the things one cares about or wants. They provide the foundation for a person’s or an organisation’s position in a dispute. In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict. For example, the director of sales for an electronics company gets into a dispute with the director of manufacturing over the number of TV models to produce. The director of sales wants to produce more models because her interest is in selling TV sets; more models mean more choice for consumers and hence increased sales. The director of manufacturing, however, wants to produce fewer models. His interest is in decreasing manufacturing costs and more models mean higher costs. Section BReconciling such interests is not easy. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions, and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation, the act of communication intended to reach agreement. Another interests-based procedure is mediation, in which a third party assists the disputants, the two sides in the dispute, in reaching agreement.Section CBy no means do all negotiations (or mediations) focus on reconciling interests. Some negotiations focus on determining who is right, such as when two lawyers argue about whose case has the greater merit. Other negotiations focus on determining who is more powerful, such as when quarrelling neighbours or nations exchange threats and counter threats. Often negotiations involve a mix of all three – some attempts to satisfy interests, some discussion of rights, and some references to relative power.Section DIt is often complicated to attempt to determine who is right in a dispute. Although it is usually straightforward where rights are formalised in law, other rights take the form of unwritten but socially accepted standards of behaviour, such as reciprocity, precedent, equality, and seniority.There are often different – and sometimes contradictory – standards that apply to rights, Reaching agreement on rights, where the outcome will determine who gets what, can often be so difficult that the parties frequently turn to a third party to determine who is right. The most typical rights procedure is adjudication, in which disputants present evidence and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to make a decisioncreating works of art. ‘I didn’t sell a piece of glass until 1975,’ Dale Chihuly said, smiling, for in the 18 years since the end of the dry spell, he has become one of the most financially successful artists of the 20th century. He now has a newcommission – a glass sculpture for the headquarters building of a pizza company – for which his fee is half a million dollars.D But not all the glass technology that touches our lives is ultra-modern. Consider thesimple light bulb; at the turn of the century most light bulbs were hand blown, and the cost of one was equivalent to half a day’s pay for the average worker. In effect, the invention of the ribbon machine by Corning in the 1920s lighted a nation. The price of a bulb plunged. Small wonder that the machine has been called one of the great mechanical achievements of all time. Yet it is very simple: a narrow ribbon of molten glass travels over a moving belt of steel in which there are holes. The glass sags through the holes and into waiting moulds. Puffs of compressed air then shape the glass. In this way, the envelope of a light bulb is made by a single machine at the rate of 66,000 an hour, as compared with 1,200 a day produced by a team of four glassblowers.E The secret of the versatility of glass lies in its interior structure. Although it is rigid,and thus like a solid, the atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion,characteristic of a liquid. In the melting process, the atoms in the raw materials are disturbed from their normal position in the molecular structure; before they can find their way back to crystalline arrangements the glass cools. This looseness inmolecular structure gives the material what engineers call tremendous ‘formability’ which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need.F Today, scientists continue to experiment with new glass mixtures and buildingdesigners test their imaginations with applications of special types of glass. ALondon architect, Mike Davies, sees even more dramatic buildings using molecular chemistry. ‘Glass is the great building material of the future, the “dynamic skin”, ’he said. ‘Think of glass that has been treated to react to electric currents goingthrough it, glass that will change from clear to opaque at the push of a button, that gives you instant curtains. Think of how the tall buildings in New York couldperform a symphony of colours as the glass in them is made to change coloursinstantly.’ Glass as instant curtains is available now, but the cost is exorbitant. As for the glass changing colours instantly, that may come true. Mike Davies’s vision may indeed be on the way to fulfillmentAdapted from ‘Glass:Capturing the Dance of Light’by William S. Elis,National Geographic。
雅思阅读,IELTS,精品版讲义课件
• 3 快速浏览文章，扫描特定信息 方法 题目理解+定位词 原文 主干+定位词
找到定位词后先粗后细理解
评分标准
阅读五大题型
第一大题型 主观题
包括summary 填空 图表 简答
1、浏览题目要求 对应段 字数要求 2、精读题目相关内容（尽可能翻译） 注意：时间 地点 专有名词不翻译 中英结合 不认识的名词可以用ABC来代替 3、定位和预测 定位：时间 地点 专有名词是最好的定位词 其它的名词作为辅助定位词（常被替换） 预测：预测词性（名词需要判断单复数） 预测词的大致方向（如专家、植物名称等） 4、如果有备选项 要利用备选项进行语法逻辑 筛选 （有备选项的题目 有可能不按顺序出题） 常用词法搭配 ：动词V+副词adv 副词adv+形容词adj 形容词adj+名词n
状语从句
状语从句（很easy,关键看连接词的意思，即可判断） 如 1 when 时间状语 当...的时候 在句子开头 或A句\whenB句 、 宾语从句 tell sb when +句子 定语从句 ...+n when +句子 when=介词+n 2、as 当...的时候 时间状语从句 因为 由于 原因状语从句 如象 方式状语从句 尽管 让步状语从句
定语从句
D、定语从句 修饰名词代词的成分是定语 定语是一个句子 叫定语从句 that 后句子完整 为同位语从句 名词、代词后that+从句 that后面句子不完整 为定语从句 如：The news (that he won the prize) is true The news (that he told me) is true 名词、代词后Which、Who 、Whom、When、Where、Why 加句子99%是定语从句 其中When、Where、Why 只需=某一介词+前面名词 即可判定为定语从句 例如：Do you remember the place where we lived last year where= in the place 另外：名词、代词后一个主谓结构，通常是省略了that的定从 例如：People worry that the endless rise in the amount of stuff (everone throws away) will cause the world to run out of places to dispose of waste
雅思版阅读最新豪华讲义(下)
文章考点信号词:1) 举例名词扎堆处：疾病名扎堆，生物名扎堆，城市名扎堆等2) 数字扎堆处：60% 49% 11% 5,999 thirty-one3) 牛人观点：人名＋观点提示词suggest, say, imply, point out, indicate, view, believe, think等4) 文章强转折处：however, but, un-5) 年代情况：1983，19996) 段落高频名词：Komi / Komi / Komi / Komi / Komi7) 实验调查：survey, research, study8) 专有名词与机构名：UN, Kansai练习：阅读下面的段落辨认主题句与扩展句；划出考点词；并完成后面的题Some of the most remarkable beetles are the dung beetles, which spend almost their whole lives eating and breeding in dung.More than 4,000 species of these remarkable creatures have evolved and adapted to the world’s different climates and the dung of its many animals. Australia’s native dung beetles are scrub and woodland dwellers, specializing in coarse marsupial droppings and avoiding the soft cattle dung in which bush flies and buffalo flies breed.In the early 1960s George Bornemissza, then a scientist at the Australian Government’s premier research organization, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), suggested that dung beetles should be introduced to Australia to control dung – breeding flies. Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different of climatic zones in Australia. Of the 26 species that are known to have become successfully integrated into the local environment, only one, an African species released in northern Australia, has reached its natural boundary.Introducing dung beetles into a pasture is a simple process: approximately 1,500 beetles are released, a handful at a time, into fresh cow pats in the cow pasture. The beetles immediately disappear beneath the pats digging and tunnelling and, if they successfully adapt to their new environment, soon become a permanent, self – sustaining part of the local ecology. In time they multiply and within three or four years the benefits to the pasture are obvious.Yes if the statement reflects the claims of the writerNo if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNot Given if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1 Bush flies are easier to control than buffalo flies.2 Four thousand species of dung beetle were initially brought to Australia by the CSIRO3 Dung beetles were brought to Australia by the CSIRO over a fourteen – year period4 At least twenty – six of the introduced species have become established in Australia.5 The dung beetles cause an immediate improvement to the quality of a cow pasture.总结段落理解知识大集锦主题句的作用：1）阅读文章的首段＋各段主题句可以把握文章的行文脉络与文章的结构2）可以解决list of heading 题3）帮助后面的题型定位4）分辨出主要信息和次要信息扩展句的作用：1）帮助确认主题句2）扩展句可以略读3）扩展句可以确认考点信息总结主题句的位置：段一句：1）大多数情况下在段首；2）当第二句是明显的举例与扩展句时。
IELTS-A类阅读-教材(全)
IELTS-A类阅读-教材(全)IELTS-A类阅读-教材(全)雅思写作A类阅读理解讲义主讲：乐静北京新东方学校欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材雅思整体介绍：INTRODUCTION TO IELTSIELTS is a testing system which assesses how good a person's English language is for the purpose of study or training. The test is recognised around the world by universities and colleges.There are two forms to the test:Academic: which tests a person's language for university studyGeneral Training: which tests basic languageskills with education or immigration in mindThere are 4 parts to each test. The Listening and Speaking tests are the same for both Academic and GeneralTraining forms of the test. There are separate papers for the Reading and Writing tests. The organisation looks like this:Listening4 sections, 40 questionsapproximately 30 minutes↙↘Academic Reading General Training Reading3 sections, 40 questions 3 sections, 40 questions1 hour 1 hour↓↓Academic WritingGeneral Training Writing2 tasks 2 tasks1hour1 hour↖↗Speaking3 sections11-14 minutesThis book contains practice tests to help prepare students for these tests, whichever form of the test they take. Choose the Reading and Writing tasks appropriate for the exam being taken.雅思A类阅读评分标准：Reading ListeningIELTS RSW IELTS RAW1 1 1 12 2,3 2 2, 33 4, 5, 6, 7 3 4, 5, 63.5 8, 9, 10 3.5 7, 8, 94 11, 12, 13 4 10, 11, 12 4.5 14, 15, 16 4.5 13, 14, 15,165 17, 18, 19 5 17, 18, 19,205.5 20, 21, 22,23 5.5 21, 22, 23,246 24, 25, 26,27 6 25, 26, 27,286.5 28, 29, 30 6.5 29, 30, 317 31, 32, 33 7 32, 337.5 34, 35 7.5 34, 358 36, 37 8 36, 378.5 38, 39 8.5 38, 399 40 9 409 Expert User: native speaker level. Can function appropriately and accurately in allskills.8 Very Good User: has excellent command of the language but may produce some errors in unfamiliar circumstances.7 Good User: generally handles language well but with some inaccuracies. Can produce a competent written argument. Can understand abstract reasoning in reading passages.6 Competent User: has reasonable control of the language but with some inaccuracies. May have some difficulties with unfamiliar situations.5 Modest User: can deal adequately with language in his own area but will find difficulty in dealing with complex language and unfamiliar situations.4 Limited User: only able to deal with familiar situations and not complex language. Often has difficulty in understanding and expression.3 Very Limited User: has problems in communicating. Able to express general meaning only in familiar circumstances.2 Intermittent User: had many difficulties usingthe language. Can only communicate very little basic information by using a few words or phrases.1 Non User: has no ability to communicate except for a few isolated words.0 Did not write the test: did not produce any information to be assessed.雅思A类阅读基本解题方法：TIPS FOR IELTS STUDENTS Readinga Always read the instructions to the tasks, as they may vary from test to test.b Make sure you complete the computer sheet after each reading. You are not given any extra time at the end of the test to fill in the sheet.c Do not spend more than 20 minutes on any section, as you may not have enough time to complete the three passages. Always time yourself when doing the practice tests, to get used to finishing each section in no more than 20 minutes.d As the sections of the Reading test become progressively more difficult, if you take longer than 20 minutes on the first two sections, you will have little chance of finishing the third passage.e As the IELTS Reading paper covers a variety of written styles, make sure you prepare yourself for this by reading newspapers, journals, magazines and fiction and non-fiction books.f Be prepared to be tested on any subject someone attending a university would be expected to be aware of. However, you are not expected to be an expert on all these topics.g In IELTS Reading the questions are sometimes written before the passage. Always check that you have read and answered all 40 questions.雅思篇章阅读：第一册TEST 1Section 1You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 1 - 15, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.National Parks and Climate ChangeANational parks, nature reserves, protected areas and sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs) are an important part of the natural landscape in most countries. Their habitat and terrains vary massively, from tundra and glacier parks in the north to wetlands in Europe, steppes in central and eastern Europe, and prairie grasslands and deserts in other areas. Virtually all kinds of landscape are protected somewhere. And these protected areas are important for the variety of plant and animal life they harbour: caribou, bears, wolves, rare types of fish and birds.BBut these areas are under threat from a recent peril - global climate change. No amount oflegislation in any one country can protect against a worldwide problem. What exactly are the problems caused by climate change? David Woodward, head of the British Council for Nature Conservation, spoke to Science Now about some of these areas, and his first point highlighted the enormous variation in nature reserves.C"Each park or reserve is an ecosystem," he says, "and the larger reserves, such as those in Canada, may have several types of ecological subsystems within it. There are reserves which are half the size of Western Europe, so it doesn't make sense to talk about them as if they were all the same, or as if the microclimates within them were uniform." Woodward outlines some of the dangers posed by climatic change to parks in the northern Americas, for example.D"If climatic change is severe, and in particular if the change is happening as quickly as it is at themoment, then the boundaries of the park no longer make much sense. A park that was designated as a protected area 90 years ago may suffer such change in its climate that the nature of it changes too. It will no longer contain the animal and plant life that it did. So the area which once protected, say, a species of reindeer or a type of scenery, will have changed. In effect, you lose the thing you were trying to protect." This effect has already been seen in Canada, where parks which once contained glaciers have seen the glaciers melted by global warming.EJennie Lindstrom, Chief Executive Officer of H2O, the charity which campaigns on an international level on behalf of mainland Europe's protected wetland and wilderness areas, is even more pessimistic. In a letter to Science Now, she has asserted that up to 70% of such areas are already experiencing such "significant change ... in climate" that the distribution patterns. of flora and fauna arechanging, and that all areas will eventually be affected. She estimates that the most profound change is occurring in the northernmost parks in areas such as Finland, Greenland, Iceland and northern Russia, but adds that "there is no place which will not suffer the effects of global warming. What we are seeing is a massive change in the environment - and that means the extinction of whole species, as well as visual and structural changes which means that areas like the Camargue may literally look totally different in 50 or 60 years' time."FThe problems are manifold. First, it is difficult or impossible to predict which areas are most in need of help - that is, which areas are in most danger. Predicting climate change is even more unreliable than predicting the weather. Secondly, there is a sense that governments in most areas are apathetic towards a problem which may not manifest itself until long after that government's term of office has come to an end. In poor areas,of course, nature conservation is low on the list of priorities compared to, say, employment or health. Third, and perhaps most important, even in areas where there is both the political will and the financial muscle to do something about the problem, it is hard to know just what to do. Maria Colehill of Forestlife, an American conservation body, thinks that in the case of climate change, the most we can realistically do is monitor the situation and allow for the changes that we cannot prevent, while lobbying governments internationally to make the changes to the pollution laws, for example, that will enable us to deal with the causes of the problem. "I am despondent," she admits. "I have no doubt that a lot of the work we are doing on behalf of the North American lynx, for example, will be wasted. The animal itself can live in virtually any environment where there are few humans, but of course its numbers are small. If climate change affects the other animal life in the areas where it now lives, if the foodchain changes, then the lynx will be affected too. Less food for the lynx means fewer lynxes, or lynxes with nowhere to go."GCertainly, climate change is not going to go away overnight. It is estimated that fossil fuels burnt in the 1950s will still be affecting our climate in another 30 years, so the changes will continue for some time after that. If we want to protect the remnants of our wild landscapes for future generations, the impetus for change must come from the governments of the world.Questions 1 - 7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1 - 7 on your answer sheet, write Yes if the statement agrees with the information, No if the statement contradicts the information, Not Given if there is no information on this in the passage.1 Every country has protected areas or national parks.2 Countries can protect their parks by changing their laws.3 A protected area or park can contain many different ecosystems.4 David Woodward thinks that Canadian parks will all be different in 90 years.5 Canada, more than any other country, has felt the effects of global warming.6 H2O works to protect wetlands all over the world.7 Some parts of the world will feel the results of global warming more than others.Questions 8 - 13Complete the summary below. Choose your answers from the box below the summary and write them in boxes 8 - 13 on the answer sheet. There are more words than spaces, so you will not use all the given words.There are ________ (8) encountered inattempting to stop the effects of ________ (9). One is the difficulty of predicting change. Another is a lack of ________ (10) to change the situation; most governments' interest in the matter is limited because it will not become very serious ________ (11). Finally, there is the quandary of what action we should actually take. One solution is both to keep an eye on the situation as it develops, and to push for changes ________ (12). Even if we do this, the problem is not going to ________ (13), since it takes a considerable time for global warming to happen.willingness of the authoritieslots of ways global warminginternationallyfor many years locallydisappear straight awaymany problems after allQuestions 14 and 15Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A - G. Which paragraphs state the following information?Write the appropriate letters A - G in boxes 14 and 15 on your answer sheet.14 All areas of the world are likely to be affected by global climate changes._________________________________________ _______________________________15 Remedies for global warming will not reverse these trends immediately._________________________________________ _______________________________List of Headings题型讲解：第二册TEST 2Section 2 Questions 14 - 26You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 14 - 26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Question 14Choose the most suitable title for Reading passage 2 from the list below. Write your answer in box 14 on your answer sheet.A Old Remedies Still Work Today.C Miracle Cure From Nature.B The Forest Pharmacy.D A Modern Cure For An Ancient KillerAThe search for cures to treat common diseases is not new, nor is it unusual to find the cures for such diseases in tree bark. Aspirin for headaches and quinine for the treatment of malaria are both examples of modern medicines which have been derived from tree bark. But the latest additions to this list may be the most significant yet, according to the findings of research into the medicinal benefits of the bark of the African Bush Willow. At an international conference, DrScott Remick of the USA claimed that combretastin, a product of this bark, has proved up to 85% effective in combating cancer, and may, in combination with chemotherapy, finally provide a way to destroy many types of tumour.BThe African Bush Willow, which grows in South Africa, has been recognised as a medicinal plant by local tribespeople for many years. In the past, its roots were used as purgatives and its gum was used to treat sores and ulcers. Common along river banks in southern Africa, this plant (scientific name, Combretum caffrum) has proved both hardy and prolific, It is one of the world's fastest-growing trees and can grow one metre in height annually to a maximum of fourteen metres. To sustain this level of growth normally requires warmth, rich soil and abundant water. but even when these are in short supply, the African Bush Willow can survive. It is resistant to severe drought andeven sustained periods of frost, and temperatures well below zero do not damage the tree.CCombretastin, the active ingredient in the bark, was originally isolated form the stems and branches in the 1970a by South African researcher, Dr Gordon Cragg. A massive seventy-seven kilogrammes of material was needed from the tree to produce just a few milligrams of the active ingredient. However, scientists have now been able to produce the drug synthetically. This type of manufacturing has meant that the drug can now be mass-produced and used much more widely in the treatment of cancer. Most cancers are caused by tumours, which create their own network of capillaries to supply the blood they need in order to grow. The effect of combretastin is to reduce the tumour's ability to create these capillaries and thereby starve the tumour todeath.DCombretastin appears to work very quickly, often reducing the blood flow to a tumour within four to six hours after its first application. A feature in its favour is that combretastin does not appear to affect the blood supplies to other healthy organs. But, used in isolation, a small number of cancerous cells which appear able to live off normal blood supplies, appear to remain unaffected by combretastin, and radiation therapy is required to destroy these cells and remove the threat of cancer altogether.EInitial trials have been carried out on twenty-five patients in the USA. These have met with a remarkable measure of success. One 55-year-old man, suffering from a particularly aggressive form of thyroid cancer before treatment, has been cancer-free for two yearsfollowing a course of the new drug. It is generally held that if a cancer does not return within two years of treatment, it has been cured. So far, other patients involved in the trials since then, including those with cancer of the bowel, have also remained clear of their cancers.FTrials in the UK have met with similar success, but have reported significant side effects, including diarrhoea and skin pain. In Britain, experts believe that the drug works best in conjunction with other therapies, including radiotherapy. The results of these combined treatments suggest that 85% of cancers could be totally eliminated, and similar trials are due to start in the USA. Dr Kate Law of the Cancer Research Campaign in London comments, "We will be watching the results of these trials with interest. On the face of it, these latest trials are very encouraging.GThe drug has been greeted with enthusiasm by professionals and patients alike despite some of the experiments having limited success. One patient suffering from lung and liver cancers agreed to be one of the guinea pigs in the pharmaceutical trials. Fortunately he met with a degree of success in that his respiratory organs have been clear for over a year. However, this has not been the case with the other source of cancer and as yet the new drug has had no marked effect on it. Nevertheless, researchers are continuing in their quest to find a cure for all forms of cancers and they are confident that a breakthrough is on the horizon.Questions 15 - 17Choose the best answers A, B, C or D. Write your answers in boxes 15 - 17 on your answer sheet.15 The active ingredient of combratastin was found in which part of the tree?A the gumB the branchesC the rootsD the leaves16 According to the text, medicines NOT derived from tree bark, have been used to cure which condition?A soresB malariaC cancerD migraine17 According to the text, which of the following has not as yet been cured using combretastin?A bowel cancerB thyroid cancerC liver cancerD lung cancerQuestions 18 - 20Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 2 for each answer, Write your answers in boxes 18 - 20 on your answer sheet.18 Researchers believe that advances will be made in ......................... in finding cures for all types of cancer.19 The African Bush Willow is extremely sturdy and can survive long intervals in very low ......................... .20 In Britain, researchers believe that most cancers can be cured using combretastin together with ......................... .Questions 21 - 26Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A - G. Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B - G from the list below. Write the appropriate numbers i-x in boxes 21 - 26 on your answer sheet.There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.List of Headingsi Strange Medicinevi Ongoing Researchii How the Drug Worksvii Research Campaigniii Robust and Versatileviii Artificial Substitutesiv Plants Growingix Happy Patientsv Universal Approvalx Additional Consequences21 Paragraph B .........................22 Paragraph C .........................23 Paragraph D .........................24 Paragraph E .........................25 Paragraph F .........................26 Paragraph G .........................True / False / Not given题型讲解：第一册TEST 1Section 1You should spend about 20 minutes on questions1 - 15, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.National Parks and Climate ChangeANational parks, nature reserves, protected areas and sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs) are an important part of the natural landscape in most countries. Their habitat and terrains vary massively, from tundra and glacier parks in the north to wetlands in Europe, steppes in central and eastern Europe, and prairie grasslands and deserts in other areas. Virtually all kinds of landscape are protected somewhere. And these protected areas are important for the variety of plant and animal life they harbour: caribou, bears, wolves, rare types of fish and birds.BBut these areas are under threat from a recent peril - global climate change. No amount of legislation in any one country can protect against a worldwide problem. What exactly arethe problems caused by climate change? David Woodward, head of the British Council for Nature Conservation, spoke to Science Now about some of these areas, and his first point highlighted the enormous variation in nature reserves.C"Each park or reserve is an ecosystem," he says, "and the larger reserves, such as those in Canada, may have several types of ecological subsystems within it. There are reserves which are half the size of Western Europe, so it doesn't make sense to talk about them as if they were all the same, or as if the microclimates within them were uniform." Woodward outlines some of the dangers posed by climatic change to parks in the northern Americas, for example.D"If climatic change is severe, and in particular if the change is happening as quickly as it is at the moment, then the boundaries of the park no longer make much sense. A park that wasdesignated as a protected area 90 years ago may suffer such change in its climate that the nature of it changes too. It will no longer contain the animal and plant life that it did. So the area which once protected, say, a species of reindeer or a type of scenery, will have changed. In effect, you lose the thing you were trying to protect." This effect has already been seen in Canada, where parks which once contained glaciers have seen the glaciers melted by global warming.EJennie Lindstrom, Chief Executive Officer of H2O, the charity which campaigns on an international level on behalf of mainland Europe's protected wetland and wilderness areas, is even more pessimistic. In a letter to Science Now, she has asserted that up to 70% of such areas are already experiencing such "significant change ... in climate" that the distribution patterns. of flora and fauna are changing, and that all areas will eventually be affected. She estimates that the most profoundchange is occurring in the northernmost parks in areas such as Finland, Greenland, Iceland and northern Russia, but adds that "there is no place which will not suffer the effects of global warming. What we are seeing is a massive change in the environment - and that means the extinction of whole species, as well as visual and structural changes which means that areas like the Camargue may literally look totally different in 50 or 60 years' time."FThe problems are manifold. First, it is difficult or impossible to predict which areas are most in need of help - that is, which areas are in most danger. Predicting climate change is even more unreliable than predicting the weather. Secondly, there is a sense that governments in most areas are apathetic towards a problem which may not manifest itself until long after that government's term of office has come to an end. In poor areas, of course, nature conservation is low on the list of priorities compared to, say, employment orhealth. Third, and perhaps most important, even in areas where there is both the political will and the financial muscle to do something about the problem, it is hard to know just what to do. Maria Colehill of Forestlife, an American conservation body, thinks that in the case of climate change, the most we can realistically do is monitor the situation and allow for the changes that we cannot prevent, while lobbying governments internationally to make the changes to the pollution laws, for example, that will enable us to deal with the causes of the problem. "I am despondent," she admits. "I have no doubt that a lot of the work we are doing on behalf of the North American lynx, for example, will be wasted. The animal itself can live in virtually any environment where there are few humans, but of course its numbers are small. If climate change affects the other animal life in the areas where it now lives, if the food chain changes, then the lynx will be affected too. Less food for the lynx means fewer lynxes, orlynxes with nowhere to go."GCertainly, climate change is not going to go away overnight. It is estimated that fossil fuels burnt in the 1950s will still be affecting our climate in another 30 years, so the changes will continue for some time after that. If we want to protect the remnants of our wild landscapes for future generations, the impetus for change must come from the governments of the world.Questions 1 - 7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1 - 7 on your answer sheet, write Yes if the statement agrees with the information, No if the statement contradicts the information, Not Given if there is no information on this in the passage.1 Every country has protected areas or national parks.2 Countries can protect their parks by changing their laws.3 A protected area or park can contain many different ecosystems.4 David Woodward thinks that Canadian parks will all be different in 90 years.5 Canada, more than any other country, has felt the effects of global warming.6 H2O works to protect wetlands all over the world.7 Some parts of the world will feel the results of global warming more than others.Questions 8 - 13Complete the summary below. Choose your answers from the box below the summary and write them in boxes 8 - 13 on the answer sheet. There are more words than spaces, so you will not use all the given words.There are ________ (8) encountered in attempting to stop the effects of ________ (9). One is the difficulty of predicting change.Another is a lack of ________ (10) to change the situation; most governments' interest in the matter is limited because it will not become very serious ________ (11). Finally, there is the quandary of what action we should actually take. One solution is both to keep an eye on the situation as it develops, and to push for changes ________ (12). Even if we do this, the problem is not going to ________ (13), since it takes a considerable time for global warming to happen.willingness of the authoritieslots of ways global warminginternationallyfor many years locallydisappear straight awaymany problems after allQuestions 14 and 15Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs A - G. Which paragraphs state the following information? Write the appropriate letters A - G in boxes 14 and 15 on your answer sheet.14 All areas of the world are likely to be affected by global climate changes._________________________________________ _______________________________15 Remedies for global warming will not reverse these trends immediately._________________________________________ _______________________________第一册TEST 2Section 1You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 1 - 15, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Sharks—— Face Extinction ——Professor Robert Law, head of Marine Biological Ltd, which monitors the ocean environment, and a leading governmental advisor on marine pollution, is claiming today that sharks are in danger of extinction. Professor Law's main point is that worldwide the number of sharks of most species is dropping rapidly. Exact figures about these elusive creatures are hard to come by, but the general consensus is that certain kinds of shark population have decreased by up to 75% in the last 30 years.The great white and tiger sharks have seen the greatest drop in numbers, down by as much as 90% from 20 years ago. Smaller sharks are also under threat - the populations of makos, hammerheads, even common dogfish are being decimated. Estimates suggest that British dogfish numbers have halved in the last decade alone.And this decline is worldwide. The big sharks congregate mainly in the warmer waters of the Pacific and Caribbean, but cold water areas such as the Atlantic and the north Sea have their own species and these too are in danger.The reasons for the decline in numbers are not hard to see. One huge reason is the continued demand for shark fins in South-East Asia, where they are used to make soup and as ingredients in medicines. Most sharks that are killed commercially in the West are processed for the oil that comes from their livers Sharks are also victims of fear, since they are routinely killed by fishermen when they are landed with other catches."Sharks have no protection," writes Professor Law. "They are not outside the law - most countries have laws protecting the species which are most under threat - but the problem is that people are so frightened of these creatures that。
雅思阅读讲义ppt课件
阅读的词汇量要求最大，熟 练度较低
3
雅思阅读考试与题型分析
听力结束后开始，1小时时间 阅读量：3篇文章，共2000-2750词 文章来源：报纸，书籍，杂志，学术期刊。至少一篇议论文 假设口语速度为125 Words/分钟，仅仅看完以上3篇文章就需要20
分钟+，所以没有必要把文章读完再做题。
雅思阅读—模板法
Lesson 1 简介
1
目录
雅思阅读考试与题型分析 试题拆解与攻略 试题常见陷阱与分析2雅思阅读考试与题型分析
雅思5.5基础课程阅读讲义-ielts-5.5-reading
雅思5.5根底阅读课程讲义UNIT 1 Education (3)UNIT 2 Food (5)UNIT 3 Health (8)UNIT 4 Media (10)Locating Information (15)UNIT 5 Practice 1 (18)UNIT 6 Advertising (20)UNIT 7 Learning to Speak (29)Summary Completion (31)UNIT 8 The Environment (31)Short Answers (34)UNIT 9 Sponsorship in Sport (34)UNIT 10 Practice 2 (39)Flowchart-Timeline Completion (41)UNIT 11 Transport (41)UNIT 12 Travel (49)UNIT 13 Technology (56)Labelling a Diagram (58)Unit14 Money (59)UNIT 15 Practice 3 (66)Multiple Choice (68)Labelling a Diagram (71)UNIT 17 Social Issues (72)IELTS Type Questions: Reading: for Details and for Main Ideas (74)Table Completion (74)UNIT 20 Practice 4 (80)Note Completion (82)UNIT 1 EducationEducation over the past 100 yearsAThe education of our young people is one of the most important aspects of any community, and ideas about what and how to teach reflect the accepted attitudes and unspoken beliefs of society. These ideas change as local customs and attitudes change, and these changes are reflected in the curriculum, teaching and assessment methods and the expectations of how both students and teachers should behave.词汇讲解：curriculum n. 教学大纲；reflect v. 反映；反射；assessment n. 评价；BTeaching in the late 1800s and early 1900s was very different from today. Rules for teachers at the time in the USA covered both the teacher's duties and their conduct out of class as well. Teachers at that time were expected to set a good example to their pupils and to behave in a very virtuous and proper manner. Women teachers should not marry, nor shou ld they ‘keep company with men.' They had to wear long dresses and no bright colours and they were not permitted to dye their hair. They were not allowed to loiter downtown in an ice cream store, and women were not allowed to go out in the evenings unless to a school function, although men were allowed one evening a week to take their girlfriends out if they went to church regularly. No teachers were allowed to drink alcohol. They were allowed to read only good books such as the Bible, and they were given a pay increase of 25c a week after five years of work for the local school.词汇讲解：manner n. 行为守那么；be expected to：被预期…表示将来时：be expected tobe predicted tobe perspective toCAs well as this long list of ‘dos' and ‘don'ts,' teachers had certain duties to perform each day. In country schools, teachers were required to keep the coal bucket full for the classroom fire, and to bring a bucket of water each day for the children to drink. They had to make the pens for their students to write with and to sweep the floor and keep the classroom tidy. However, despite this list of duties, little was stipulated about the content of the teaching, nor about assessment methods.DTeachers would have been expected to teach the three ‘r’s—reading, writing and arithmetic, and to teach the children about Christianity and read from the Bible every day. Education in those days was much simpler than it is today and covered basic literacy skills and religious education. They would almost certainly have used corporal punishment such as a stick or the strap on naughty or unruly children, and the children would have sat together in pairs in long rows in the classroom. They would have been expected to sit quietly and to do their work, copying long rows of letters or doing basic maths sums. Farming children in country areas would have had only a few years of schooling and would probably have left school at 12 or 14 years of age to join their parents in farm work.词汇讲解：arithmetic：算数；literacy：文学，阅读；religious：的；discrimination：歧视；religious discrimination：歧视。
最新雅思阅读题型讲义
2、完形填空：Summary词数不超过55，每句话不超过15 个，只考4—5 个空，每个空都有选项；只考文章3 个段落；1 到2 个形容词，其余是名词3、真假判断：TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN一般13 题，要简单思维4、配对题：Matching人名和理论配对；论点和论据配对；概念与解释配对5、多项选择题：Multiple-choice只有一个答案是正确的，每个段落只有一个标题，一般限制在5 个6、完成句子：Sentence completion——变形的Matching一般都给选项，根据语法手段做简单7、流程图填空：Flow charts确定范围，确定信息点在哪几个段落中概念指示词：i.e., that is, that is to say，它们前面是主概念，后面是分支概念8、图表填空题：table、diagram经典图表填空题，现在不考了2、地球及自然界的科学现象和地理现象方面的文章，如地球灾难单词+词组7000 左右2、语法：高中语法22：5.5，23—25：6 分，26—28：6.5，29—32：7 分，32—35：7.5 分（1）不要试图读懂文章（2）要随手记下有用的信息①每段主题句②对定位答案有特殊意义的词***注：专有名词：时间状语、数字、日期、地点、人名、温度、百分比、金钱符号、特殊印刷体（黑体、斜体、大写字母）、特殊标点符号（引号、冒号、画线、破折号）2、步骤：（1）扫瞄文章①文章标题，一般三种：正规标题、主标题+副标题、没有标题—一般段首句②文章的主题句和连接上下文的信号词顺承及递进：also, apart from, besides, more over, furthermore对比与转折：but, however, though, although, yet, on the other hand, nevertheless因果关系：as, because, for, since, owing to, thanks to, lead to, which in turn, as a result, result in/from, therefore 举例说明：that is to say, such as, in other wards, for example, for instance③对定位答案有特殊意义的词④图表和示意图（2）分析题目①数题目②分析题目类型：结构类型：主题句细节类型：关键词③找出定位词：词与词之间的关系***注：定位词特殊性特殊词→表示概念的名词（主语、宾语）→表示状态的动词→形容词、副词避开：I, me, you, and, a, the, in, for, at, to（3）回原文定位答案：①结构主题句②细节：定位词所在句，有时还有其前后句③有时考虑同义、近义单词（4）检查答案：如果剩余5 分种以下忽略此步①答题卡是否涂写正确②是否按题目要求答了，特别是是非判断题的要求文章结构类型的题目一、总在文章之前二、答题时可能用罗马数字：ⅰ,ⅱ,ⅲ,ⅳ,ⅴ,ⅵ,ⅶ,ⅷ,ⅸ,ⅹ等三、注意：选项个数>=段落个数，每个选项一般只能用一次四、做题顺序：先看主题句，再看选项一般每段不会超过3 个数字，除非该段对应大量数字this is, that is, it is 都是定义句型，专门下定义，出现在首末句则为主题句和选项依据例子不用看读主题句时要确定范围1.Conclusion:A.Passage as a whole ---全文结构，分为时间顺序、平行结构、正反强对比，根据TITLE来把握B.PARA-PARA --- 段与段的关系C.PARA --- 也可分为“时间顺序”见《阅读分册》P167最后一段。
【图文】雅思阅读讲义
试题常见陷阱与分析介词的替换：将题目中的介词替换成其他的介词，实意动词或短语。
常见于填空题：题目中以介词+空格出现，但文中不出现介词。
题干：原文：… suggests that the Egyptians might have been developing ideas of flight for a long.试题常见陷阱与分析表示原因：可以替换成其他的因果关系或名词。
表示目的：可以替换成不定式表示目的状语，可以替换成表示目的的名词（purpose, aim, goal）表示方法手段：替换成其他表示方法的介词（with, through）；替换成表示“使用”的实意动词（use, adopt, utilize）表示被动语态：可以替换成主动语态的表达形式试题常见陷阱与分析表示从属关系：替换成代词的所有格表示属于：belong, in替换成形容词表示使用的方法手段：同表示“和，一起”：可以替换成拥有的实意动词（have, available, possess）试题常见陷阱与分析自我否定：原文中用和题干几乎一样的文字表示肯定，后面使用否定形式驳倒一切，再出现真正的答案。
题干：Although Lozanov’s method has become quite well known, the results of most other teachers using this m原文：While suggestopedia has gained some notoriety through success in the teaching of modern languages, few teachers are able to emulate the spectacular results of Lozanov and his associates.。
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Seldom; rarely; occasionally; intermittently; At the present time; at this time; at the moment; currently Frequently; in a great many instances Payment; wages; compensation peruse Indicate; state; declare Communicate; transmit; convey; dispatch Sluggish; torpid Minute; miniscule; diminutive Therefore; thus; consequently; as a result; hence Initiate; instigate; launch; commence Abide; endure; linger (appropriate) measures; procedures Nonetheless; nevertheless; all the same Cease; discontinue; halt; terminate Conduct; convey; escort; transport Communicate; discuss Instruct; edify; enlighten; train Consider; ponder Attempt; strive; test Comprehend; apprehend; appreciate utilize; employ Desire; crave; aspire; covet During; as; whilst; at the same time; simultaneously Labor; task; undertaking; endeavor; project Labor; toif; strive; Compose; draft
Regarding; with respect to Addtionally; moreover; furthermore; likewise Request; plead; solicit; Inquire In view of (the fact that); on the grounds of/that; due to; by virtue of; on account of; whereas; since Prior to; in advance of Insipid; monotonous; tedious; vapid; tiresome Nonetheless; however; on the other hand; yet Implement; execute Elicit; provoke Consume; devour Abolish; terminate Clarify; explicate Rapid; accelerated; swift Discover; uncover; reveal; ascertain Bestow; bequeath; administer; donate; deliver; confer; endow; entrust;imbue; impart; present; provide Withdraw; take (one's) leave; depart Suppose; surmise; presume; hypothesize; conjecture; infer Delighted; pleased; elated Detest; abhor; despise; loathe Possess; bear Assist; facilitate; aid strike; impact In the event of/that; supposing that Envision; visualize Maintain; persist; sustain Enormous; tremendous; immense; massive Come to understand; become versed in Akin; analogous; comparable; equivalent; parallel Admire; adore; enjoy; esteem; acclaim; appreciate Elongated(空间)；prolonged(时间); sustained(时间) Watch; monitor; examine; Seem; appear; resemble Compose; shape; produce; construct; effect; generate A large/considerable/substantial/sizable number of; numerous A large/considerable/substantial/sizable amount of; plentiful; a great deal of
Not often now often pay read say send slow small so start stay steps still stop Take (sb) talk teach think try understand use want while work work write
about also ask ask because before boring but carry out cause eat end explain fast find give Go/leave guess happy hate have help hit if imagine keep large learn like like long look look make many much