2019版高考英语一轮复习第二部分重点语法突破专题一有提示词填空第三讲名词和主谓一致精品讲义新人教版

第三讲名词和主谓一致

◆Part Ⅰ 真题变式体验

1．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the ________(attack)．

答案：attackers 根据提示词前面的the可知，此处应填名词，同时结合前面的natural enemies可知，应使用复数形式。attack的名词形式是attacker。故填attackers。

2．[2017·天津高考]My eldest son, whose work________(take) him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.

答案：takes 定语从句的主语whose work是单数概念，因此根据主谓一致，谓语动词

也用单数形式takes。句意：我长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。

3．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ] Moran says one of the problems with jazz today ________(be) that the entertainment aspect of the music________ (lose)．答案：is; has been lost 结合第一个空格前面的“one of the problems with jazz today”可知，主语是“……之一”，且本句描述爵士乐面临的现状，谓语动词使用is。第

二个空格的主语是the entertainment aspect of the music也属于单数概念，同时指音乐

的娱乐性方面已经被失去，因此使用has been lost。

4．[2017·江苏高考]Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries,________(face) new challenges from the modern market.

答案：are facing 分析句子结构可知，having developed ... centuries作状语，

本句的主语是复数概念的many Chinese brands，因此设空处应为句子的谓语，结合句意，

“正在面临着……”，故填are facing。

5．[2014·湖南高考]All we need ________ (be) a small piece of land where we

can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

答案：is 根据题干可知，all指代的是a small piece of land，所以谓语动词要用

单数。整句话的语境为一般现在时，故填is。

6．[2015·江苏高考]—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.

—I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my ________ (apologize)．答案：apologies 由提示词前的介词with和形容词性物主代词my可知，此处应填apologize的名词形式。apology为“致歉”含义时，通常用复数形式。

7．[2016·浙江高考]It is important to pay your ________ (electric) bill on time,

as late payments may affect your credit.

答案：electricity 根据your及bill可知，此处应填electric的名词形式electricity，表示所修饰名词的目的和用途。

8．[2015·湖南高考]It is important to remember that success________ (be) a sum

of small efforts made each day and often________ (take) years to achieve.

答案：is; takes 由整句话语境可判断此处用一般现在时。that引导的宾语从句的主

语success，意为“成功”，为不可数名词，两空是并列谓语，故都用单数。

9．[2015·福建高考]China Daily attracts a worldwide readership, which ________ (show) that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

答案：shows 由整句话语境可判断此处用一般现在时。空格所在句子为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容，谓语动词要用单数形式，故填shows。

10．[2015·湖北高考]He gave himself a new name to hide his ________ (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.

答案：identity 句意：当他去执行这项秘密任务时，他给自己取了个新名字以掩盖他的身份。由句意可知，空格处应用名词identity表示“身份”。

◆Part Ⅱ 语篇真题演练

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) __61__ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side __62__ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required __63__ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt __64__ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As __65__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even __66__ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food __67__ (be) full of fat and salt; by __68__ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be __69__ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, __70__ is not good for the health.

61．________ 62.________ 63.________ 64.________

65．________ 66.________ 67.________ 68.________

69．________ 70.________

Step 1：通读全文，掌握主旨大意。

本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是饮食低脂、低盐的利弊以及对人体健康的影响。

Step 2：逐题解答，确定答案。

61．as 考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。

62．effects 考查名词的复数。side effect “副作用”，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。

63．to_process 考查非谓语动词。require sth. to do sth.“需要某物做某事”，此处用了被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式to process作主语补足语。

64．are_removed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在