2013年11月21日雅思阅读机经考题回顾
2013年雅思考题回忆汇总
主要Part 1话题：
music sleep family howntown entertainment internet boat
主要Part 2话题：
an important plant in your country
a polite person
a language not english do you learn in the future
2月16日
Section 3 =新题V Section 3（一级预测命中）
●阅读
2月14日考试阅读部分为两新题一旧题，2月16日考试阅读部分为两旧题一新题，题目版本为：
2月14日
↘Passage 1—反刍动物（旧题）
↘Passage 2—新题
↘Passage 3—新题
2月16日
↘Passage 1—新手和专家（旧题）
task2——教育——In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?
trainning session
products that not satisfied
a film about real people or event
a garden you visited
person who has important job
2013年1月19日
2013年8月3日雅思阅读机经
2013年8月3日雅思阅读机经考试日期2013年8月3日总体评价：整体较难。
三篇旧题。
Matching, List of Headings, T/F/NG 较多，容易失分。
考生反应时间相当紧张。
Reading Passage 1Title: 文章标题深海资源Question types: 题型Matching (段落-信息) -(4个) Table/ Diagram/ Flow Chart--(4个) Matching (人名-理论)Note:说明旧题考期回顾：2012年2月4日Main Content：主要内容 & Answers: 参考答案主要讲述海底微生物内容具体说的是海底有很多微生物，因为极端环境，所以含了矿藏，然后说是不是要开发这些矿藏。
Matching: 段落信息配对选 1.D 2.E 3.F 4. G; 填空题有: 5. proteins and -----, 6. oxygen, 7. sunlight, 8. temperature; Matching题：几个专家的态度，A支持开矿，B 研究了开矿的好处和坏处，C反对开矿，直接找人名定位，不难。
Comment：评注总体难度中等，其中Matching题比较费时，建议把无序的段落信息匹配放后面写，先写人名-理论匹配，因为定位简单。
Example：参考练习建议参考练习为 [i]Early Childhood Education[/i] 推荐理由：题型组合相似度高。
该文对应题型组合为： Matching(段落-信息) Matching(事物-特征，带大写) True/ False/ Not GivenReading Skills:重点题型解题技巧细节配对是雅思考试中比较难的题型，我们来分析一下这类题目的做题技巧：首先，让我们来了解一下这种题目的出题特点。
1. 彻底同义转换和其它题型不同的是，这种题型是对原文一句话或者一段话进行的彻底同义转换，个别甚至是高度概括，因此几乎不存在任何定位词，因此不能根据定位词到原文中定位答案。
雅思考试阅读机经真题解析：AmateurNaturalists
雅思考试阅读机经真题解析：AmateurNaturalists在雅思考试中很多同学会做不完阅读题目，因为种种原因长期在六分上下徘徊。
雅思栏目为大家带来雅思考试阅读机经真题解析:Amateur Naturalists，希望能帮到大家!Amateur NaturalistsYou should spend about 20 minutes on Question 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage below.The reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-HWhich paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter A-H, in boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet27. Definition of Phenology introduced28. Sparks first noticed amateur records29. Surprise function of casual data in science30. It seems like mission impossible without enormous amateur data collection31. Example of using amateur records for a scientific prediction32. Records from an amateur contributed to climate change33. Collection of old records compiled by a family of amateur naturalistsQuestions 34-36Complete the sentences below with NO MORE THAN TWOWORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 34-36 on your answer sheet.34. In Waiter Coates' records, there are plenty of information of .35. Robert Marsham is well-known for noting animals and plants' .36. The number of waterfowl in North America decreases because of increased according to some phenologists.Questions 37-40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet37 Why do a lot of scientists question the amateurs’ data?A. Data collection is not professionalB. Amateur observers are careless.C. Amateur data is not reliable sometimes.D. They have one-sided work experience38 Example of leaves Mark Schwartz used to explain that?A. Amateur records arc not reliable at all.B. Amateur records arc not well organized.C. Some details are very difficult to notice.D. Valuable information is accurate one.39 What suggestion of scientists for the usage of amateur data?A. Use modified and better approaches.B. Only Observation data is valuable.C. Use original materials instead of changed ones.D. Method of data collection is the most important.40 What's the implication of phenology for ordinary people?A. It enriches the knowledge of the public.B. It improves ordinary people's relations with scientists.C. It encourages people to collect more animal information.D. It arouses public awareness about climate change.。
雅思阅读机经真题解析--CosmeticsInAncientPast
雅思阅读机经真题解析--CosmeticsInAncientPast为了帮助大家在备考雅思的时候能够练习到更多的真题材料，下面小编给大家带来雅思阅读机经真题解析--Cosmetics In Ancient Past，望喜欢！雅思阅读机经真题解析--Cosmetics In Ancient PastASince cosmetics and perfumes are still in wide use today, it is interesting to compare the attitudes, customs and beliefs related to them in ancient times to those of our own day and age. Cosmetics and perfumes have been popular since the dawn of civilization; it is shown by the discovery of a great deal of pertinent archeological material, dating from the third millennium BC. Mosaics, glass perfume flasks, stone vessels, ovens, cooking-pots, clay jars, etc., some inscribed by the hand of the artisan. evidence also appears in the Bible and other classical writings, where it is written that spices and perfumes were prestigious products known throughout the ancient world and coveted by kings and princes. The written and pictorial descriptions, as well as archaeological findings, all show how important body care and aesthetic appearance were in the lives of the ancient people. The chain of evidence spans many centuries, detailing the usage of cosmetics in various cultures from the earliest period of recorded history.BIn antiquity, however, at least in the onset, cosmetics served in religious ceremonies and for healing purposes. Cosmetics were also connected with cultic worship and witchcraft: to appease the various gods, fragrant ointments were applied to the statuary images and even to their attendants. From this, in the course oftime, developed the custom of personal use, to enhance the beauty of the face and the body, and to conceal defects.CPerfumes and fragrant spices were precious commodities in antiquity, very much in demand, and at times even exceeded silver and gold in value. Therefore they were luxury products, used mainly in the temples and in the homes of the noble and the wealthy. The Judean kings kept them in treasure houses (2 Kings 20:13).And the Queen of Sheba brought to Solomon "camels laden with spices, gold in great quantity and precious stones." (1 Kings 10:2,10). However, within time, the use of cosmetics became the custom of that period. The use of cosmetics became widespread among the lower classes as well as among the wealthy; in the same way they washed the body, so they used to care for the body with substances that softened the skin and anoint it with fragrant oils and ointments.DFacial treatment was highly developed and women devoted many hours to it. They used to spread various scented creams on the face and to apply makeup in vivid and contrasting colors. An Egyptian papyrus from the 16th century BC contains detailed recipes to remove blemishes, wrinkles, and other signs of age. Greek and Roman women would cover their faces in the evening with a "beauty mask" to remove blemishes, which consisted mainly of flour mixed with fragrant spices, leaving it on their face all night. The next morning they would wash it off with asses' milk. The very common creams used by women in the ancient Far East, particularly important in the hot climate and prevalent in that area of the globe, were made up of oils and aromatic scents. Sometimes the oil in these creams was extracted from olives,almonds, gourds, sesame, or from trees and plants; but, for those of limited means, scented animal and fish fats were commonly used.EWomen in ancient past commonly put colors around their eyes. Besides beautification, its purpose was also medicinal as covering the sensitive skin of the lids with colored ointments that prevented dryness and eye diseases: the eye-paint repelled the little flies that transmitted eye inflammations. Egyptian women colored the upper eyelid black and the lower one green, and painted the space between the upper lid and the eyebrow gray or blue. The women of Mesopotamia favored yellows and reds. The use of kohl for painting the eyes is mentioned three times in the Bible, always with disapproval by the sages (2 Kings, 9:30; Jeremiah 4:30; Ezekiel 23:40). In contrast, Job names one of his daughters “Keren Happukh” —“horn of eye paint” (Job 42:14) FGreat importance was attached to the care for hair in ancient times. Long hair was always considered a symbol of beauty, and kings, nobles and dignitaries grew their hair long and kept it well-groomed and cared for. Women devoted much time to the style of the hair, while not culling, they would apply much care to it by arranging it skillfully in plaits and "building it up" sometimes with the help of wigs. Egyptian women generally wore their hair flowing down to their shoulders or even longer. In Mesopotamia, women cherished long hair as a part of their beauty, and hair flowing down their backs in a thick plait and tied with a ribbon is seen in art. Assyrian women wore their hair shorter, braiding and binding it in a bun at the back. In Ancient Israel, brides would wear their hair long on the wedding day as a sign of their virginity.Ordinary people and slaves, however, usually wore their hair short, mainly for hygienic reasons, since they could not afford to invest in the kind of treatment that long hair required.GFrom the Bible and Egyptian and Assyrian sources, as well as the words of classical authors, it appears that the centers of the trade in aromatic resins and incense were located in the kingdom of Arabia, and even as far as India, where some of these precious aromatic plants were grown. "Dealers from Sheba and Rammah dealt with you, offering the choicest spices..." (Ezekiel 27:22). The Nabateans functioned as the important middlemen in this trade; Palestine also served as a very important component, as the trade routes crisscrossed the country. It is known that the Egyptian Queen Hatsheput (15th century BC) sent a royal expedition to the Land of Punt (Somalia) in order to bring back myrrh seedlings to plant in her temple. In Assyrian records of tribute and spoils of war, perfumes and resins are mentioned; the text from the time of Tukulti-Ninurta II (890-884 BC) refers to balls of myrrh as part of the tribute brought to the Assyrian king by the Aramaean kings. The trade in spices and perfumes is also mentioned in the Bible as written in Genesis (37:25-26), "Camels carrying gum tragacanth and balm and myrrh".Questions 15-21Reading Passage 2 has 7 paragraphs A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write your answers in boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet.15 recipes to conceal facial defects caused by aging16 perfumes were presented to conquerors in war17 long hair of girls had special meanings in marriage18 evidence exists in abundance showing cosmetics use inancient times19 protecting eyes from fly-transmitted diseases20 from witchcraft to beautification21 more expensive than goldQuestions 22-27Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement is trueFALSE if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage22 The written record for cosmetics and perfumes dates back to the third millennium BC.23 Since perfumes and spices were luxury products, their use was exclusive to the noble and the wealthy.24 In ancient Far East, fish fats were used as cream by women from poor households.25 The teachings in the Bible were repeatedly against the use of kohl for painting the eyes.26 Long hair as a symbol of beauty was worn solely by women of ancient cultures.27 The Egyptian Queen Hatsheput sent a royal expedition to Punt to establish a trade route for myrrh.文章题目：古代化妆Cosmetics In Ancient Past篇章结构体裁论说文题目古代化妆结构A段：化妆品和香水在古代就已经非常流行B段：化妆品最早用于宗教和治疗目的C段：香水和香料在古代是奢侈品，但仍被广泛使用D段：古时面部护理十分发达，女性广泛使用面霜和面膜E段：古代女性也将色彩涂在眼睛周围F段：古代人们非常重视头发的保养G段：古代的香料运输及贸易Cosmetics In Ancient Past试题分析Question 1题目类型：题号定位词文中对应点题目解析15 recipe; age D段第四句D段主要在讲古代女性非常重视面部护理，第三句话提到一份埃及莎草纸上记载了去除面部瑕疵的方法，这句话中的recipes to remove blemishes...other signs of age可以对应题干中的recipe和facial defects caused by aging，故此题选D。
雅思阅读机经解析-Flight from reality
雅思阅读机经解析-Flight from reality最近有不少同学在找雅思阅读机经，因为有了机经就可以很好的复习之前考过的试题，这也是有效提高考试成绩的方法，今天新通教育小编就为大家带来一篇雅思阅读机经解析，快来看看吧！Flight from realityMobiles are barred, but passengers can lap away on their laptops to their hearts’content. Is one really safer than the other? In the US, a Congressional subcommittee grilled airline representatives and regulators about the issue last month. But the committee heard that using cellphones in planes may indeed pose a risk albeit a slight one. This would seem to vindicate the treatment of Manchester oil worker Neil Whitehouse, who was sentenced last summer to a year in jail by a British court for refusing to turn off his mobile phone on a flight home from Madrid. Although he was only typing a message to be sent on landing not actually making a call, the court decided that hems putting the flight at risk.A The potential for problems is certainly there. Modern airliners are packed with electronic devices that control the plane and handle navigation and communications. Each has to meet stringent safeguards to make sure it doesn't emit radiation that would interfere with other1devices in the plane-standards that passengers' personal electronic devices don't necessarily meet. Emissions from inside the plane could also interfere with sensitive antennae on the fixed exterior.B But despite running a number of studies, Boeing, Airbus and various government agencies haven't been able to find clear evidence of problems caused by personal electronic devices, including mobile phones. "We've done our own studies. We've found cellphones actually have no impact on the navigation system," says Maryanne Greczyn, a spokeswoman for Airbus Industries of North America in Herndon, Virginia, Not do they affect other critical systems, she says The only impact Airbus found? "Sometimes when a passenger is starting or finishing a phone call, the pilot hears a wry slight beep in the headset," she says.C The best evidence yet of a problem comes from a report released this year by Britain's Civil Aviation Authority. Its researchers generated simulated cellphone transmissions inside two Boeing aircraft. They concluded that the transmissions could create signals at a power and frequency that would not affect the latest equipment, but exceeded the safety threshold established in 1984 and might therefore affect some of the older equipment on board. This doesn’t mean "mission critical" equipment such as the navigation system and flight controls. But the2devices that could be affected, such as smoke detectors and fuel level indicators, could still create serious problems for the flight crew if they malfunction.D Many planes still use equipment certified to the older standards, says Dan Hawkes, head of avionics at the CAA's Safely Regulation Croup. The CAA study doesn't prove the equipment will actually fail when subjected to the signals, but docs show there's a danger. "We've taken some of the uncertainty out of these beliefs," he says Another study later this year will see if the cellphone signals actually cause devices to fail.E In 1996, RTCA, a consultant hired by the Federal Aviation Administration in the US to conduct tests, determined that potential problems from personal electronic devices were "low". Nevertheless, it recommended a ban on their use during "critical" periods of flight, such as take-off and landing. RTCA didn't actually test cellphones, but nevertheless recommended their wholesale ban on flights, But if "better safe than sorry" is the current policy, it's applied inconsistently, according to Marshall Cross, the chairman of Mega Wave Corporation, based in Boylston, Massachusetts. Why are cellphones outlawed when no one considers a ban on laptops? "It's like most things in life. The reason is a little bit technical, a little bit economic and a little bit political,”says Cross.3F The company wrote a report for the FAA in 1998 saying it is possible to build an on-board system that can detect dangerous signals from electronic devices. But Cross's personal conclusion is that mobile phones aren't the real threat. "You'd have to stretch things pretty far to figure out how a cellphone could interfere with a plane's systems," he says. Cellphones transmit in ranges of around 400, 800 or 1800 megahertz. Since no important piece of aircraft equipment operates at those frequencies, the possibility of interference is very low, Cross says. The use of Computers and electronic game systems is much more worrying, lie says. They can generate very strong signals at frequencies that could interfere with plane electronics, especially if a mouse is attached {the wire operates as an antenna or if their built-in shielding is somehow damaged. Some airlines are even planning to put sockets for laptops in seatbacks.G There's fairly convincing anecdotal evidence that some personal electronic devices have interfered with systems. Air crew on one flight found that the autopilot was being disconnected, and narrowed the problem down to a passenger's portable computer. They could actually watch the autopilot disconnect when they switched the computer on. Boeing bought the computer, took it to the airline's labs and even tested4it on an empty flight. But as with every other reported instance of interference, technicians were unable to replicate the problem.H Some engineers, however, such as Bruce Donham of Boeing, say that common sense suggests phones are more risky than laptops. "A device capable of producing a strong emission is not as safe as a device which does not have any intentional emission," lie says. Nevertheless, many experts think it's illogical that cellphones are prohibited when computers aren't. Besides, the problem is more complicated than simply looking at power and frequency. In the air, the plane operates in a soup of electronic emissions, created by its own electronics and byground-based radiation. Electronic devices in the cabin-especially those emitting a strong signal-can behave unpredictably, reinforcing other signals, for instance, or creating unforeseen harmonics that disrupt systems.I Despite the Congressional subcommittee hearings last month, no one seems to be working seriously on a technical solution that would allow passengers to use their phones. That's mostly because no one-besides cellphone users themselves-stands to gain a lot if the phones are allowed in the air. Even the cellphone companies don't want it. They are concerned that airborne signals could cause problems by flooding a number of the networks' base stations at once with the same signal This5effect, called bigfooting, happens because airborne cellphone signals tend to go to many base stations at once, unlike land calls which usually go to just one or two stations. In the US, even if FAA regulations didn’t prohibit cellphones in the air, Federal Communications Commission regulations would.J Possible solutions might be to enhance airliners' electronic insulation, or to fit detectors which warned flight staff when passenger devices were emitting dangerous signals. But Cross complains that neither the FAA, the airlines nor the manufacturers are showing much interest in developing these. So despite Congressional suspicions and the occasional irritated (or jailed) mobile user, the industry's "better safe than sorry" policy on mobile phones seems likely to continue. In the absence of firm evidence that the international airline industry is engaged in a vast conspiracy to overcharge its customers, a delayed phone call seems a small price to pay for even the tiniest reduction in the chances of a plane Crash. But you'll still be allowed to use your personal computer during a flight. And while that remains the case, airlines can hardly claim that logic has prevailed.Question 14-176Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than three words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.The would-be risk surly exists, since the avionic systems on modern aircraft are used to manage flight and deal with ___14____. Those devices are designed to meet the safety criteria which should be free from interrupting ___15____ or interior emission. The personal use of mobile phone may cause the sophisticated ___16____ outside of plane to dysfunction. Though definite interference in piloting devices has not been scientifically testified, the devices such as those which detect___17____ or indicate fuel load could be affected.Question 18-22Use the information in the passage to match the Organization (listed A-E) with opinions or deeds below. Write the appropriate letters A-E in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.A. British Civil Aviation AuthorityB. Maryanne GreczynC. RTCAD. Marshall CrossE. Boeing company18. Mobile usages should be forbidden in a specific fame.719. Computers are more dangerous than cell phones.20. Finding that the mobile phones pose little risk on flight'snavigation devices.21. The disruption of laptops is not as dangerous as cellphones.22. The mobile signal may have impact on earlier devices.Question 23-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement is trueFALSE if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given23.Almost all scientists accept that cellphones have higheremission than that of personal computers.24.Some people believe that radio emission will interrupt theequipment on plane.25.The signal interference-detecting device has not yet beendeveloped because they are in priority for neither administrative department nor offer economic incentive.26.FAA initialed open debate with Federal CommunicationsCommission.8篇章结构9乎逻辑。
2013雅思阅读模拟试题与答案解析
Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours， including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences， including sleepwalking， amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders， they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the report.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile，has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries， including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep， the body can still move， making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection， a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder，US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange sideeffects， points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School， director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence， Rhode Island， US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linke d to zolpidem can be easily explained： some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann， adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the s afety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The wo man’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia？A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem？A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares， hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established？A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13 Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain？11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients？12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups？13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects？Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning： Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…3. Not GivenSee para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”：The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)4. TrueSee para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.5. FalseSee para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.6. Not GivenSee para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)7. CSee para.4 from the beginning： A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.8. BSee the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The productinformation for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly，and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)9. BSee para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.10. 674，500 (times)See para.3 from the beginning： Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.12. risky consequencesSee para.3 under the subtit le “Hypnotic effects”：Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.13. Food & Drug (Administration)See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.以上就是新东方网雅思频道为大家整理的2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析，非常实用。
【雅思】2013年8月24日雅思阅读考题回顾
Organic farming relies heavily on the naturalbreakdown of organic matter, using techniques like green manure and composting, to replace nutrients taken from the soil by previous crops. This biological process, driven by microorganisms such asmycorrhiza, allows the natural production of nutrients in the soil throughout the growing season, and has been referred to as feeding the soil to feed the plant. Organic farming uses a variety of methods to improve soil fertility, including crop rotation, cover cropping, reduced tillage, and application of compost. By reducing tillage, soil is not inverted and exposed to air; less carbon is lost to the atmosphere resulting in more soil organic carbon. This has an added benefit of carbon sequestration which can reduce green house gases and aid in reversing climate change.
2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析
Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours， including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences， including sleepwalking， amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders， they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the report.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile，has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries， including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep， the body can still move， making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection， a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder，US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange sideeffects， points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School， director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence， Rhode Island， US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linke d to zolpidem can be easily explained： some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann， adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the s afety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The wo man’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia？A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem？A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares， hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established？A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13 Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain？11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients？12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups？13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects？Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning： Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…3. Not GivenSee para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”：The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)4. TrueSee para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.5. FalseSee para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.6. Not GivenSee para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)7. CSee para.4 from the beginning： A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.8. BSee the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The productinformation for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly，and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)9. BSee para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.10. 674，500 (times)See para.3 from the beginning： Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.12. risky consequencesSee para.3 under the subtit le “Hypnotic effects”：Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.13. Food & Drug (Administration)See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.以上就是新东方网雅思频道为大家整理的2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析，非常实用。
2013年11月21日雅思写作机经解析下载(TASK1)
2013年11月21日雅思写作机经解析下载(TASK1)。
下面为大家总结了2013年11月21日雅思写作机经的相关回忆，主要是TASK1部分的内容，供同学们进行下载参考。
2013年11月21日雅思写作机经回忆解析,同时给出了雅思作文写作思路，同学们可适当进行了解，雅思写作机经也是备考雅思听力的优选资料。
2013年11月21日雅思写作机经解析TASK12013年11月21日雅思写作题目：2013年11月21日雅思写作思路：多图题重点考察的是考生的方向描述与变化描述能力。
多图对比题开头段需要考生对于题目进行转述，在转述的过场中交待出三图之间变化的发生。
由于本题三幅图的时间都在过去，所以本题主体段只需采用一般过去式即可。
另外需要注意主动语态与被动语态之间的相互切换，保持语态的多样性。
主体段第一段应对1800年的地理布局简单的描述，描述时注意选取一个合理的描述方面，切记描述方向时使用东南西北，而不是上下左右。
主体段第二段在对1900年地理布局描述的同时还要重点描述1900年相对于1800年发生的具体改变。
切记描述的起点与方向要与上一幅图保持一致。
描述时着重于改变描述，没有发生改变的点可直接跳过。
主体段第三段对于2000年的描述也遵循上述的原则，只不过在比较时只需跟1900年进行对比即可，无需在跳回起点跟1800年进行对比了。
结尾段只需进行简单的总结即可，比如总结一下变化的个数或者变化的种类。
切记不要加入任何个人主观的评论或预测在其中，否则分数会严重降档。
以上就是小编为大家整理的“2013年11月21日雅思写作机经解析下载(TASK1)”部分内容，更多资料请点击雅思资料下载频道!。
剑桥雅思13Test2雅思阅读passage 1真题+解析
剑桥雅思13Test2雅思阅读passage 1真题+解析－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－剑桥雅思13Test2雅思阅读passage 1真题+解析相关阅读：剑桥雅思13Test2阅读passage1真题+翻译体裁说明文主要内容本文按照编年史顺序介绍了桂皮贸易的历史。
结构第1段：古代桂皮的功用和象征意义。
第2段：中世纪阿拉伯商人将桂皮销往地中海地区。
第3段：15世纪末期葡萄牙人垄断桂皮市场。
第4段：17世纪荷兰人攫取桂皮贸易。
第5段：荷兰人继续独霸贸易市场并扩大生产。
第6段：19世纪英国人取代了荷兰人，但桂皮贸易日渐式微。
Questions 1-9Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-9 on your answer sheet.The Early History of CinnamonBiblical times: added to 1 .................... used toshow 2 .................... between peopleAncient Rome: used for its sweet smell at 3 .................... Middle Ages: added to food, especially meatwas an indication of a person's 4 ....................known as a treatment for 5 .................... and other health problemsgrown in 6 ....................merchants used 7 .................... to bring it to the Mediterraneanarrived in the Mediterranean at 8 ....................traders took it to 9 .................... and sold it to destinations around Europe考题解析Questions 1-9●题目归类：Notes Completion笔记填空是细节题，属于填空题的一种，在雅思考试中难度较低。
2013年雅思考试大作文题库及部分解析(全)
2013年雅思考试大作文题库(全)2013.01.05A 类Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV.The former group are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree?G类Some people believe children should do what their parents tell them to do. Others think children must learn thinking themselves. Discuss both and give your opinion.2013.01.10A 类It is said that work is the most important thing of people's life. Without the success of career, life will become meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2013.01.12A 类In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?2013.01.19A 类In modern society, fatherhood should be emphasized as much as motherhood. Do you agree or disagree?2013.02.02A 类Some people say watching television is bad for Children in all ways, others say it is good for children to get knowledge.G 类Lifestyles and culture in many countries is becoming similar, what's your opinion, positive or negative?2013.02.14A类Some people think young people should be free to choose his or her job，but other people think they should be realistic and think more about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.16A类Some people think all lawbreakers should be taken in to prison, others believe that there are better alternatives, (for example, being work to do which is beneficial for local community). Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.23A类Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What's the reasons for this problem? What's the effects to the society?2013.03.02A类Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom. Do you think the advantages of this development overweight the disadavantages?2013.03.09A 类Some think that people should go to college or university to prepare for a successful career. Others believe that they should get a job immediately after they leave school to get more work experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2013.03.14A 类It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree ? 2013.03.23G 类Nowadays, many children are not as fit and healthy as children used to be in the past. What are the causes? How could it be solved?A 类Scientific progress influences our daily life greatly. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?2013.04.06A 类100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?2013.04.13A 类As countries develope, their populations tend to live individually or in a small family units. In your opinion, what is this cause and what are the effects on society.2013.04.18A 类Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.2013.04.27A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other people think that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other peoplethink that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.2013.05.11Today, the qualities of life of people in big cities are worse. What are the causes of this problem? Any measures should be taken to solve it?2013.05.16People nowadays are surrounded by all kinds of advertising. Advertising affects what people think is important and sometimes has a negative influence on peopl e’s lives. o what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.05.18Some people think all children learn history in school is important; some others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2013.05.25Some people think government should not spend money on supporting artists and money should be spent on more important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2013.06.08Nowadays people are encouraged to buy more and more consumer products. Some people think it is good for the economy.However,others think it does great harm to the whole society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.06.15Some people think that parents have a great influence on their children, others believe that the media is a bigger influence.2013年6月15日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曾桂兰Task 1Task 22013年6月22日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王华Task1Task22013年7月6日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曹美玲Task 1类别Bar chart题目The graph below gives information about households waste ina country from 2000 to 2007.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting themain features, and make comparisons where relevant.题目翻译该图显示了某一国家2000年至2007年家庭垃圾的状况。
2013年雅思考试大作文题库及部分解析(全)
2013年雅思考试大作文题库(全)2013.01.05A 类Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV.The former group are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree?G类Some people believe children should do what their parents tell them to do. Others think children must learn thinking themselves. Discuss both and give your opinion.2013.01.10A 类It is said that work is the most important thing of people's life. Without the success of career, life will become meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2013.01.12A 类In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?2013.01.19A 类In modern society, fatherhood should be emphasized as much as motherhood. Do you agree or disagree?2013.02.02A 类Some people say watching television is bad for Children in all ways, others say it is good for children to get knowledge.G 类Lifestyles and culture in many countries is becoming similar, what's your opinion, positive or negative?2013.02.14A类Some people think young people should be free to choose his or her job，but other people think they should be realistic and think more about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.16A类Some people think all lawbreakers should be taken in to prison, others believe that there are better alternatives, (for example, being work to do which is beneficial for local community). Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.23A类Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What's the reasons for this problem? What's the effects to the society?2013.03.02A类Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom. Do you think the advantages of this development overweight the disadavantages?2013.03.09A 类Some think that people should go to college or university to prepare for a successful career. Others believe that they should get a job immediately after they leave school to get more work experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2013.03.14A 类It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree ? 2013.03.23G 类Nowadays, many children are not as fit and healthy as children used to be in the past. What are the causes? How could it be solved?A 类Scientific progress influences our daily life greatly. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?2013.04.06A 类100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?2013.04.13A 类As countries develope, their populations tend to live individually or in a small family units. In your opinion, what is this cause and what are the effects on society.2013.04.18A 类Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.2013.04.27A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other people think that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.A 类Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge, other peoplethink that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.2013.05.11Today, the qualities of life of people in big cities are worse. What are the causes of this problem? Any measures should be taken to solve it?2013.05.16People nowadays are surrounded by all kinds of advertising. Advertising affects what people think is important and sometimes has a negative influence on peopl e’s lives. o what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.05.18Some people think all children learn history in school is important; some others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2013.05.25Some people think government should not spend money on supporting artists and money should be spent on more important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2013.06.08Nowadays people are encouraged to buy more and more consumer products. Some people think it is good for the economy.However,others think it does great harm to the whole society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.06.15Some people think that parents have a great influence on their children, others believe that the media is a bigger influence.2013年6月15日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曾桂兰Task 1Task 22013年6月22日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王华Task1Task22013年7月6日雅思写作A类考题回顾雅思考试写作A类考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心曹美玲Task 1类别Bar chart题目The graph below gives information about households waste ina country from 2000 to 2007.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting themain features, and make comparisons where relevant.题目翻译该图显示了某一国家2000年至2007年家庭垃圾的状况。
2013年11月21日雅思阅读机经考题回顾
A —catagory 1,说经理人主要发挥的是仪式性的角色作用，如同大学校长颁发毕业证书，还包括人员的招聘培训等
B－catagory 2,主要是信息的发布和联络人
C—catagory 3,实际决策作用
1、企业的发展计划（scheme）C
原文最后一段说give a new insight关于经理人角色理论，所以选一个“fresh way of探讨经理人角色”）
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN判断题（5道）
全篇出题，有跳段现象。
1、说以前关于经理人角色的理论不容易理解，原文说了以前理论非常的simple，FALSE
2、说MS的理论挑战了之前well established的理论，TRUE
2013年11月21日雅思阅读机经考题回顾
——来自环球雅思郭肇焱老师
2013年11月21日雅思考试笔试已经结束，环球雅思教研中心郭肇焱老师亲临考场，为大家带来史上最全面的雅思阅读机经考题全面剖析及答案。
总体来讲，本次阅读文章相对而言比较简单，但是题目有一定难度。本次雅思阅读考试涉及到的题型有summary，list of headings, T/F/NG, Matching, Multiple choices,flow chart .其中匹配题比重较大。建议烤鸭们平时多练习高频题型。
部分答案
List of Headings标题对应题
全文六段都要选
Matching人名+理论
题干多于选项，有选项需复选
Passage three
新旧情况
题材
题目
题型
2ing段落+信息（6道）；
雅思阅读机经真题解析：滑石粉
雅思阅读机经真题解析：滑石粉一切患有雅思阅读刷题强迫症的烤鸭，请看这里。
下面给大家带来了雅思阅读机经真题解析-滑石粉，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-滑石粉Talc PowderA Peter Brigg discovers how talc from Luzenacs Trimouns in France find its way into food and agricultural products - from chewing gum to olive oil. High in the French Pyrenees, some1,700m above sea level, lies Trimouns, a huge deposit of hydrated magnesium silicate - talc to you and me. Talc from Trimouns, and from ten other Luzenac mines across the globe, is used in the manufacture of a vast array of everyday products extending from paper, paint and plaster to cosmetics, plastics and car tyres. And of course there is always talcs best known end use: talcum powder for babies1 bottoms. But the true versatility of this remarkable mineral is nowhere better displayed than in its sometimes surprising use in certain niche markets in the food and agriculture industries.B Take, for example, the chewing gum business. Every year, Talc de Luzenac France - which owns and operates the Trimouns mine and is a member of the international Luzenac Group (art of Rio Tinto minerals) supplies about 6,000 tones of talc to chewing gum manufacturers in Europe. "Weve been selling to this sector of the market since the 1960s," says Laurent Fournier, sales manager in Luzenacs Specialties business unit in Toulouse. "Admittedly, in terms of our total annual sales of talc, the amount we supply to chewing gum manufacturers is relatively small, but we see it as a valuable niche market: one where customers place a premium on securing supplies from a reliable, high quality source. Because of this, long term allegiance to a proven suppler is very much a feature of this sector of die talc market." Switching sources - in the way that you might choose to buy, say, paperclips from Supplier A rather than from Supplier B - is not an easy option for chewing gum manufacturers." Fournier says. "The cost of reformulating is high, so when customers are using a talc grade that works, even if its expensive, they are understandably reluctant to switch."C But how is talc actually used in the manufacture of chewing gum? Patrick Delord, an engineer with a degree in agronomics, who has been with Luzenac for 22 years and is now senior market development manager, Agriculture and Food, in Europe, explainsthat chewing gums has four main components. "The most important of them is the gum base," he says. "Its the gum base that puts the chew into chewing gum. It binds all the ingredients together, creating a soft, smooth texture. To this the manufacturer then adds sweeteners, softeners and flavourings. Our talc is used as a filler in the gum base. The amount vanes between, say, ten and 35 per cent, depending on the type of gum. Fruit flavoured chewing gum, for example, is slightly acidic and would react with the calcium carbonate that the manufacturer might otherwise use as a filler. Talc, on the other hand, makes an ideal filler because itsnon-reactive chemically. In the factory, talc is also used to dust the gum base pellets and to stop the chewing gum sticking during the lamination and packing process," Delord adds.D The chewing gum business is, however, just one example of talcs use in the food sector. For the past 20 years or so, olive oil processors in Spain have been taking advantage of talcs unique characteristics to help them boost the amount of oil they extract from crushed olives According to Patrick Delord, talc is especially useful for treating what he calls "difficult" olives. After the olives are harvested - preferably early in the morning because their taste is better if they are gathered in the cool of the day they are taken to the processing plant. There they arc crushed and then stirred for30-45 minutes. In the old days, the resulting paste was passed through an olive press but nowadays its more common to add water and (K-6IH) the mixture to separate the water and oil from the solid matter The oil and water are then allowed to settle so that the olive oil layer can be )and bottled. “Difficult” olives are those that are more reluctant than the norm to yield up their full oil content. This may be attributable to the particular species of olive, or to its water content and the time of year the olives arc collected - at the beginning and the end of the season their water content is often either too high or too low. These olives are easy to recognize because they produce a lot of extra foam during the stirring process, a consequence of an excess of a fine solid that acts as a natural emulsifier. The oil in this emulsion is lost when the water is disposed of. Not only that, if the waste water is disposed of directly into local fields - often the case in many smaller processing operations - the emulsified oil may take some time to biodegrade and so be harmful to the environment.E "If you add between a half and two percent of talc by weight during the stirring process, it absorbs the natural emulsifier in the olives and so boosts the amount of oil you can extract," says Delord. "In addition, talcs flat, platey structure helps increase the size of the oil droplets liberated during stirring, which again improves the yield.However, because talc is chemically inert, it doesnt affect the color, taste, appearance or composition of the resulting olive oil."F If the use of talc in olive oil processing and in chewing gum is long established, new applications in the food and agriculture industries arc also constantly being sought by Luzenac. One such promising new market is fruit crop protection, being pioneered in the US. Just like people, fruit can get sunburned. In fact, in very sunny regions up to 45 per cent of a typical crop can be affected by heat stress and sunburn However, in the case of fruit, its not so much the ultra violet rays which harm the crop as the high surface temperature that the suns rays create.G To combat this, farmers normally use either chemicals or spray a continuous fine canopy of mist above the fruit frees or bushes. The trouble is, this uses a lot of water - normally a precious commodity in hot, sunny areas - and it is therefore expensive. Whats more, the ground can quickly become waterlogged. "So our idea was to coat the fruit with talc to protect it from the sun," says Greg Hunter, a marketing specialist who has been with Luzenac for ten years. "But to do this, several technical challenges had first to be overcome. Talc is very hydrophobic: it doesnt like water. So in order to have a viable product we needed a wettable powder -something that would go readily into suspension so that it could be sprayed onto the fruit. It also had to break the surface tension of the cutin (the natural waxy, waterproof layer on the fruit) and of course it had to wash off easily when the fruit was harvested.No-ones going to want an apple thats covered in talc."H Initial trials in the state of Washington in 2003 showed that when the product was sprayed onto Granny Smith apples, it reduced their surface temperature and lowered the incidence of sunburn by up to 60 per cent. Today the new product, known as Invelop Maximum SPF, is in its second commercial year on the US market. Apple growers are the primary target although Hunter believes grape growers represent another sector with long term potential. He is also hopeful of extending sales to overseas markets such as Australia, South America and southern Europe.Question 27-32Use the information in the passage to match each use of tale power with correct application from A. B or C. Write the appropriate letters A-C in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.NB you may use any letter more than once.A. Fruit protectionB. Chewing gum businessC. Olive oil extraction27 Talc is used to increase the size of drops.28 Talc is applied to reduce foaming.29 Talc is employed as a filler of base.30 Talc is modified and prevented sunburn.31 Talc is added to stop stickiness.32 Talc is used to increase production.Questions 33-38Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33-38 on your answer sheet.Spanish olive oil industry has been using talc in oil extraction process for about____33____years. It is useful in dealing with difficult olives which often produce high amountof____34____because of the high content of solid materials. When smaller factories release____35____, it could be____36____to theenvironment because it is hard to____37____and usually lakes lime as it contains emulsified oil. However, talc power added in the process is able to absorb the emulsifier oil. It improves the oil extraction production, because with aid of talc powder, size ofoil____38____increased.Question 39-40Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.39 In which process is talc used to dear the stickiness of chewing gum?40 Which group of farmers does Invelop intend to target in a long view?*题目：滑石粉篇章结构体裁论说文题目滑石粉结构（一句话概括每段大意）A段：滑石粉的主要用途B段：滑石粉在口香糖市场中的用途C段：滑石粉在口香糖制作中的原理D段：滑石粉在其他食品中的应用E段：滑石粉在食品中的应用原理F段：滑石粉在水果保护中的应用G段：滑石粉对水果的保护作用原理H段：水果保护作用的市场拓展试题分析Question 27-32题目类型：搭配题解题思路：可以先去定位A,B,C三个选项中内容所对应的文段，然后从27-32中的题干去搜寻相符合的，而不是一个一个题目去找，这样会比较节省时间题号定位词文中对应点题目解析27Increase，size，E段第三句话根据*大意将C选项个橄榄油提取的内容定位到E段，第三句话，提到滑石粉的结构有助于增加挥发油滴的体积，故可以判断27题与C相连28FoamD段倒数第四句话根据关键词定位到D段，原文中提到搅拌过程中会产生很多泡沫，后面提出因此要加上滑石粉来减少泡沫。
2013年雅思阅读考题回顾(三)
2013年4月18日雅思阅读考试回忆刘美超老师简介：环球雅思教研主管。
中国石油大学英语专业科班出身，持有专业英语八级证书、教师资格证书。
“三维一体”听力教学，集场景教学、做题技巧与应试策略于一体；授课亲切自然，实力与技巧完美结合。
深谙雅思各级学员状况，量体裁衣，为学生提供无间隙性服务！使用说明：本文系环球雅思教研主管刘美超老师征集，环球雅思学校赵晨老师撰写的原创文章。
赵晨老师主讲雅思阅读，写作，英语翻译硕士，专业八级，专业笔译口译。
完整版回忆可直接去环球雅思论坛进行下载。
阅读： 2篇旧题第一篇：斯里兰卡水箱Q1-6: Summary 填空题 ( NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)1. What is the major way for local people make b arely a support of living in Muthukandiya village?Crop production B段第三行2. Where can adult workers make extra money from in daytime?Sugar-cane plantations3. What have been dug to supply water for daily household life?Three wells4. In which year did the plan of a new project to lessen the effect ofdrought begin?19985. Where do the gutters and pipes collect rainwater from?roofs of houses6. What help family obtain more water for domestic needs than those relying on only wells and ponds?Storage tanksQ7-14: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN7. NGMost of the government’s actions and other programs have somewhat f ailed.8. YESMasons w ere trained for the constructing parts of the rainwater harvesting system.9. NOThe cost of rainwater harvesting systems was shared by local villagersand the local government.10. YESTanks increase both the amount and quality of the water for domestic use.11. NOTo send her daughter to school, a widow had to work for a job in rainwater harvesting scheme.12. NOT GIVENHouseholds benefited began to pay part of the maintenance or repairs.13. NOT GIVENTraining two masons at the same time is much more preferable to training single one.14. NOOther organizations had built tanks larger in size than the tanks builtin Muthukandya.第二篇：化学发展史1-6: Information Containing:1. The development of various scientific methods D2. A reference of personal connection between different sciences B3. Explain the limitation of chemical equipment at that time D4. Applicable devices invented within chemistry E5. History of great leaping development of chemist F6. The unstable political situation of different countries A7-13: Summary:Chemistry rely on __________, just as ____rely on eyes, and _______need devices such as _________ in early chemistry, chemists used differentnumber of ________ to control temperature of the fires. Although _____was known in classic Greece and it seems to have been invented and made inVenice or northern Italy about 1289. _____________ was put in the thermometer which made chemistry further development.7. Tools8. Astronomy9. Burning glass10. Physics11. Candles12. Pendulum13. Alcohol/mercury thermometer环球雅思学校刘美超微博名：YS美超环球雅思学校教研中心微博名：环球雅思教研中心。
2013年雅思阅读模拟练习及答案(1-5)
雅思阅读技巧很多考生都不陌生，由于阅读这部分的考试不是很容易，考生们都想在考试中获得高分，因此，在进行阅读的时候是需要大家掌握一些技巧的，有一些技巧可以很好地帮助大家获得高分，针对这些技巧，下面看看北京新航道的小编给大家整理的吧。
2013年雅思阅读模拟练习及答案（1）《一》“Business is war.”The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way: winning the competition, getting market share, beating up suppliers, locking up customers. There are the victors and the losers.But today in doing business, you have to listen to stomers, work with suppliers, keep good relations-even with competitors. That doesn’t sound like war. Besides, there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed. Business is competition and cooperation as well. In other words, business is war and peace.To bring together competition and cooperation, we turn to game theory. Game theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do. It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent factors and no decision can be made in isolation(孤立)from other decisions.Game theory breaks down the game into key elements(要素):players, added values, rules, tactics, and scope(范围)(PARTS).Every element affects the result of the game. This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into entirely new one. Change one of the PARTS, and you change the whole.Why change the game? An old Chinese saying explains: If you continue on the course you’re heading, that’s where you’ll end up. Sometimes that’s good, sometimes not. You can play the game very well, and still suffer great loss. That’s because you’re playing the wrong game: you need to change it. Even a good game can be made into a better one. Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want, not taking the game you find.1, What’s the main idea of this passage? ______________________________________________________________2, The author of this passage is in favor of the idea that “Business is war.”(True/False)3, In game theory, cooperation no longer exists. (True/False)4, If you change one of the elements in PARTS, the game is changed entirely. (True/False)5, “PARTS”stands for _______.A.players, added values, rules, tactics and scopeB.all of the elements in the game theoryC.the parties in a gameD.the parts that affect the result of the game6, The author emphasizes that _______.A.we shall play very hardB.we shall continue in the course we are headingC.we shall play in the right directionD.we shall always change no matter the change is good or not7, Choose the best answer, interdependent:ⅰbe depended ⅱdepending on each other ⅲdepend on others8, Choose the best answer, tactics:ⅰstrategy ⅱelement ⅲlawF F T A C ⅱⅰ《二》Here’s an unusual story：a diamond ring was recently found in an egg.The magician，Liu Qian，discovered it，in front of an audience of millions at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala.Liu’s magic tricks have made the centuries-old art of magic fashionable once again，and made him the hottest magician in China.As a seasoned young magician from Taiwan，Liu is popular worldwide for his magic shows.Countries he has performed in include the United States，Japan，South Korea and the UK.Witnessing something impossible happen right before your eyes is the root of people’s love for magic.Liu is known for his interaction with his audiences.He has a unique understanding of showmanship.“It’s actually thinking rather than one’s manipulation skills，that is more important to achieving a successful magic show.I think carefully about how to design the shows creatively，to make them appear more interesting,”Liu said .Liu Qian’s success dated back to his childhood.Born in 1976 in Taiwan，he found himself attracted to a magic toy in a shop when he was seven years old.At the age of 12，he won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest，which was judged by the great American magician，David Copperfield.Yet，Liu never planned on becoming a professional magician.He studied Japanese literature at university and only hoped to be an amateur magician in his spare time.However，his failure to find a proper job aftergraduation pushed him towards magic as a career.To refine his performing skills，he has performed on streets，roads and fields，for passers-by，policemen and farmers.“Street shows are the biggest challenge for us magicians.We have to deal with unexpected situations and tough crowds, ”Liu said.1.The story is about________________.A.how Liu Qian became China’s hottest magicianB.why people love magicC.what magic tricks areD.how fashionable magic is2.Which of the following is the key reason that Liu Qian decided to make magic his career?A.He was interested in magic when he was littleB.He had won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest.C.He became all amateur magician in his spare time.D.He couldn’t find an acceptable job after graduation.3.From the story we know that_______________.A.Liu Qian competed in many magic competitionsB.Liu Qian often invites audiences to be in his magic showC.Liu Qian performs on streets in order to increase his fameD.Liu Qian does street show to make money4. What does the word “seasoned”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.季节性的B.刚出道的C.老练的D.职业的5. Choose the best answer, Witnessing:A. see sthB. hear sthC. do sthD. smell sth6. Choose the best answer, amateur:A. 专业的B. 业余的C. 艺术的D. 文学的7. Choose the best answer, refine:A. make sth worseB. increase the valueC. to improveD. none of the aboveADBCABC《三》Here’s an unusual story：a diamond ring was recently found in an egg.The magician，Liu Qian，discovered it，in front of an audience of millions at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala.Liu’s magic tricks have made the centuries-old art of magic fashionable once again，and made him the hottest magician in China.As a seasoned young magician from Taiwan，Liu is popular worldwide for his magic shows.Countries he has performed in include the United States，Japan，South Korea and the UK.Witnessing something impossible happen right before your eyes is the root of people’s love for magic.Liu is known for his interaction with his audiences.He has a unique understanding of showmanship.“It’s actually thinking rather than one’s manipulation skills，that is more important to achieving a successful magic show.I think carefully about how to design the shows creatively，to make them appear more interesting,”Liu said .Liu Qian’s success dated back to his childhood.Born in 1976 in Taiwan，he found himself attracted to a magic toy in a shop when he was seven years old.At the age of 12，he won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest，which was judged by the great American magician，David Copperfield.Yet，Liu never planned on becoming a professional magician.He studied Japanese literature at university and only hoped to be an amateur magician in his spare time.However，his failure to find a proper job after graduation pushed him towards magic as a career.To refine his performing skills，he has performed on streets，roads and fields，for passers-by，policemen and farmers.“Street shows are the biggest challenge for us magicians.We have to deal with unexpected situations and tough crowds, ”Liu said.1.The story is about________________.A.how Liu Qian became China’s hottest magicianB.why people love magicC.what magic tricks areD.how fashionable magic is2.Which of the following is the key reason that Liu Qian decided to make magic his career?A.He was interested in magic when he was littleB.He had won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest.C.He became all amateur magician in his spare time.D.He couldn’t find an acceptable job after graduation.3.From the story we know that_______________.A.Liu Qian competed in many magic competitionsB.B.Liu Qian often invites audiences to be in his magic showC.Liu Qian performs on streets in order to increase his fameD.Liu Qian does street show to make money4. What does the word “seasoned”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.季节性的B.刚出道的C.老练的D.职业的5. Choose the best answer, Witnessing:A. see sthB. hear sthC. do sthD. smell sth6. Choose the best answer, amateur:A. 专业的B. 业余的C. 艺术的D. 文学的7. Choose the best answer, refine:A. make sth worseB. increase the valueC. to improveD. none of the aboveADBCABC《四》1 One of the most intelligent animals on the planet is the dolphin.2 These unique animals have been regarded highly by humans for many centuries.3 In ancient Greece, if sailors saw dolphins swim by their ships when they were starting out ______ a voyage, they believed they would have good luck.4 One unique characteristic that makes them different from other sea animals is the way that they communicate.5 Dolphins use sound, touch and taste in order to learn about their world; however, unlike dogs,dolphins cannot smell. 6 They use a whistle or sound waves to see and feel their way around their environment. 7 This makes them different from many other sea animals and also helps them communicate _______ people.8 Another unique thing about dolphins is that the bones in their fins are similar ______ those in human arms and hands. 9 However, the connective tissue that surrounds the bones forms a flipper (鳍状肢) instead of a hand with individual fingers. 10 Even though dolphins live in the oceans, they do not drink the salt water around them. 11 Their bodies absorb water from the wide variety of creatures they eat.12 Loving a dolphin is an easy thing to do but, unlike a dog or a cat, the dolphin cannot come home with you from the ocean. 13 That is why many people like collecting dolphin souvenirs. 14 One can find many such things in almost every shop around the world. 15 Even the ancient people painted the images of dolphins on their vases.1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions:____________; _____________; ________________.2. What is paragraph one mainly talking about?______________________________________________________ paragraph two:_____________________________________________________paragraphthree:______________________________________________. paragraph four:______________________________________________3. Change sentence 2 into active voice:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________4. The special way dolphins communicate with those around them is by ______.A. touching others with their finsB. making special gesturesC. smelling the creatures around themD. using whistles and sound waves5. The water dolphins consume mainly comes from ____.A. ocean waterB. what they eatC. rain waterD. sea plants6. From the passage, we can infer that ______.A. it is rather difficult to train dolphinsB. ancient people were fond of dolphinsC. dolphins are good petsD. all shops sell dolphin productson with toDBB《五》When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open-hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride andself-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.1. What is mainly discussed in the passage?___________________________________________________________ __________2. What is the author’s attitude toward beggars?___________________________________________________________ __________3. Change the underlined sentence into active voice.Related to this is the opinion that the government rather than ordinary people should _____________ the problem.4. Choose the best answer, Quite a few:A. manyB. a fewC. some5. Choose the best answer, pitiable:A. deserving pityB. lovableC. hateful6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Some people dress up to pretend to be beggars.B. Some beggars want money to help their children go to school.C. Some beggars use the money to buy drugs.D. Some beggars have no excuse for begging.7. In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that it is hard to come to any final conclusion，because ______.A. the cases can be so differentB. there are so many beggarsC. there is so much money wastedD. there are so many different arguments1. Arguments on giving to beggars.2. We should give some money to beggars.4. A5. A6.B7.A。
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新旧情况
题材
题目
题型
新
生物类
蜘蛛与纺织品
List of Headings标题对应题（6道）；
Matching人名+理论（4道）；
Summary原文原词（3道）；
文章大意
关于golden spider与纺织品的文章。文章讲述了Golden Spider是如何在体内把Liquid silk转化为Solid silk的过程（此段考察了一个四道题目的flow-chart）.文章中也提到了一些科学家针对蜘蛛做的实验，如何提高capacity。在结尾两段讲了关于spider silk的医学应用及市场的积极前景。
2013年11月21日雅思阅读机经考题回顾
——来自环球雅思郭肇焱老师
2013年11月21日雅思考试笔试已经结束，环球雅思教研中心郭肇焱老师亲临考场，为大家带来史上最全面的雅思阅读机经考题全面剖析及答案。
总体来讲，本次阅读文章相对而言比较简单，但是题目有一定难度。本次雅思阅读考试涉及到的题型有summary，list of headings, T/F/NG, Matching, Multiple choices, flow chart .其中匹配题比重较大。建议烤鸭们平时多练习高频题型。
英国2人的研究，古希腊一种记忆法，俄罗斯一个记忆天才，俄罗斯记者的超强技能是“共感”，最后2段的研究互斥，一个认为记忆天才存在另外一个认为是能练出来的。佛罗里达某瑞典人的相反研究
部分答案
Matching段落+信息
有NB，有段落要复选
Flow-Chart（流程图）
答案集中出现在E段
2、主持仪式A
3、使用资金C
4、研究竞争对手的动向B
5、告知员工消息B
6、招聘新人A
Multiple choices 5选2（1道）
针对全文最后两段出题
说最后两段说了MS学者的理论的积极面是哪两点？
原文倒数第二段说elaborate classifications,所以第一个选一个带“divide”字样的选项
原文最后一段说give a new insight关于经理人角色理论，所以选一个“fresh way of探讨经理人角色”）
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN判断题（5道）
全篇出题，有跳段现象。
1、说以前关于经理人角色的理论不容易理解，原文说了以前理论非常的simple，FALSE
2、说MS的理论挑战了之前well established的理论，TRUE
a.category 1 b. category 2 c. category 3
A —catagory 1,说经理人主要发挥的是仪式性的角色作用，如同大学校长颁发毕业证书，还包括人员的招聘培训等B－cataຫໍສະໝຸດ ory 2,主要是信息的发布和联络人
C—catagory 3,实际决策作用
1、企业的发展计划（scheme）C
部分答案
List of Headings标题对应题
全文六段都要选
Matching人名+理论
题干多于选项，有选项需复选
Passage three
新旧情况
题材
题目
题型
2010年8月14日旧题
医学类
解密记忆力
Matching段落+信息（6道）；
Flow-Chart（流程图）（4道）
Multiple Choice（单选4选1）（4道）
文章大意
兹伯格对管理者工作的3种分类，研究manager（经历）的日常工作明。先是介绍了传统意义上的四大职能，后面引出某一专家的理论，把manager的作用细分为三大类。研究manger的日常工作。最后两段讲这个理论的follow up research.
部分答案
Matching分类配对
文中提到了MS学者对经理人角色的分类3种（ABC）
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2013年11月21日雅思阅读机经考题回忆
——来自环球雅思郭肇焱老师
Passage One
新旧情况
题材
题目
题型
2009年12月19日旧题
企业职能类
管理者工作
分类配对Matching（6道）；
Multiple choices 5选2（1道）；
TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN判断题（5道）
文章大意
关于人类记忆力的研究，讲好记忆是天生的还是后天培养的。以记忆比赛引入，选手们被要求在30秒之内记住人、数字和扑克牌。冠军的记忆方法是把每个人、数字、扑克牌联系起来，按顺序放在脑子里。这种记忆方法最早可以追溯到古希腊，一个叫S。。的人，他可以记住一长串客人的名单和客人在桌边的位置。他的记忆方法就是recall images and special information.这种记忆法叫loci method。在古希腊，记忆与语法、逻辑并列为教育必修课。有的科学家认为有的人是天生的，有的人是后天训练出来的。一个俄罗斯记者的记忆特别好，他运用各种感官记忆信息，叫synethesia。然而还有的科学家认为所有人都是后天培养的。举了个例子说这个科学家付钱给自己的学生让学生参加他的记忆训练。