第11章商务合同与协议的翻译

第十一章

商务合同与协议的翻译

第一节

商务合同与协议的词汇特点

商务英语=Business English

专门用途英语=English for Specific Purpose

外贸英语=Foreign Trade English

专业术语=terminology

商务英语应包括语言知识，交际技能，专业知识，管理技能和文化背景。

Business English includes Language Knowledge, Communication Skills, Professional Content, Management Skills and Cultural Awareness. They are all very important. For Language Knowledge, the most important step for translating Business English is to keep in mind the sequence of parts of a simple statement.

A simple statement tells about one thing. Each statement contains one idea. Each simple statement can be composed of 6 or less parts. The sequence of the 6 parts is very important, especially in translation. Good translation results from good understanding of original English or Chinese sentences. A good mastery of sequence of statement parts can help you greatly in understanding and writing English sentences. The sequence is as follows:

1 subject,

2 predicate (or linking verb or copula).

3 object (or predicative),

4 adverbial of manner,

5 adverbial of place,

6 adverbial of time. Adverbial of time can be put before subject.

简单陈述句的语序：

陈述句用来叙述一件事情。每个句子包含一个概论。陈述句的语序很重要。每个陈述句可以有6个成分组成，但并不是每个句子都有这么多的成分。语序如下：

1 主语，

2 谓语（或系动词），

3 宾语（或表语），

4 方式状语，

5 地点状语，

6 时间状语；时间状语6可以放在主语之前。

Arrange the words in each sentences in correct sequence and translate them into Chinese:

1. Games, played, yesterday, in their room, the children, quietly.

2. the little boy, an apple, this morning, ate, greedily, in the kitchen.

3. Before lunch, the letter, in his office, quickly, he, read

4. A new school, built, they, in our village, last year.

5. This morning, a book, I, from the library, borrowed.

Contract is defined as “an agreement establishing, modifying and terminating the civil right and obligations between subjects of equal footing平等地位, that is, between natural persons, legal persons or other organizations”.

合同定义为平等主体的自然人，法人，其它组织之间设立的确定民事权利和义务的协议。

协议和合同经常用作同义词。

1.选词正式准确

合同中的选词要求极为严格，以显得郑重，严肃。

Example 1. Any event or circumstance beyond the control of the Parties shall be deemed an event of Force Majeure and shall include, but not be restricted to, fire, storm,

flood, earthquake, explosion, war, rebellion, insurrection, epidemic and quarantine restriction.

双方无法控制的事件或情况应视为不可抗力事件，这包括但不限于火灾，风灾，水灾，地震，爆炸，战争，叛乱，暴动，传染病及瘟疫。

双方遇有无法控制的事件或情况应视为不可抗力事件，但不限于火灾，风灾，水灾，地震，爆炸，战争，叛乱，暴动，传染病及瘟疫。

Some words and phrases often used in Contract:

Beyond control instead of out of control

Deem instead of consider

Rebellion instead of fight

Epidemic instead of disease

Indemnities保证物, 赔偿物, 赔款, 补偿

Lease.承租 ,出租,租,租赁

Terminate停止, 结束, 终止

Valid有效的, 有根据的, 正当的, 正确的

Invoke授引,恳求

Peremptory终局的, 绝对的, 决定性的

Breach违约; 违反; 破坏

2 多用术语

商务合同中兼有法律和商业用语。

Legal representative法定代表 ,法人代表,合法代表

Legal address法定地址

Dispute争议 ,纷争 ,纠纷,争端

Arbitration仲裁, 公断

Binding约束,结合,连接

material law实体法

商业用语多于法律用语，多数由普通名称转化而来。

Assign分配, 指派,转让

Bill帐单, 钞票, 票据, 清单, 议案, 法案,单据

Consideration体谅, 考虑,订约要因,约因

Dishonor耻辱，使丢脸，使蒙辱,拒付

Equity公平, 公正,股份权益,股票

policy政策, 方针, 保单

3 同义词连用

合同行文的主要特点之一就是用“and”或“or”把两个或以上短语连接起来。

Example：

The Seller shall sell and the Buyer shall buy the following described property upon the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth within this contract.

按照合同中所提之条款条件，卖方将出售而买方将购进以下商品。

Party A acknowledges and agrees that the technology it will receive from Party B during the term of this Contract shall be kept secrete and confidential.

甲方承认并同意在合同期内由乙方提供的技术应属保密。