剑桥雅思9 Reading Test 3 详细解释
剑桥雅思9Test3阅读Passage1答案解析
剑桥雅思9Test3阅读Passage1答案解析－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－剑桥雅思9Test3阅读Passage1答案解析更多test3解析，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test3雅思写作Task2范文（health话题）剑桥雅思9Test3雅思写作Task1范文剑桥雅思9Test3Passage2阅读答案解析剑9下载的同学，请点击：剑桥雅思真题9PDF+听力MP3下载。
更多剑9解析，请点击：剑桥雅思9解析剑桥雅思阅读真题答案：Question 1—8：Y、N、Y、NG、Y、Y、N、YQuestion 9—12：H、F、A、CPassage1整体分析体裁说明文题材语言学主题介绍两个语言学派的观点和态度段落概括第一段背景介绍：语言的普及性导致人们容易对其持有不同的看法第二段语言在社会各方面的影响第三段语言学派“规范主义”的观点第四段规范主义依赖于严格的语法规则及其目的第五段另一个语言学派“描写主义”的观点和态度第六段两个学派的现状及他们对彼此的误解雅思阅读重点词汇考题精解Questions 1-8题型：判断题YES/NO/NOT GIVEN解析：判断题一般都是有顺序的，确定了第一道题的原文定位后，可以向后查找其他题目的答案。
特殊情况下会有两道题出自于同一句话的现象。
有些题目选择NOT GIVEN是因为在文章中无法定位。
1.Questions 9-12题型：摘要填空题SUMMARY COMPLETION解析：本题型为配有词库的SUMMARY COMPLETION，此类题型首先要注意词库中所给单词的词性，其次注意题目中挖空的句子中的定位词，最后在文章中定位，并注意文章中找到的单词可能是词库中所给单词的同义替换。
9.Question 13题型：单选题MULTIPLE CHOICE解析：本题为单选题，此类问及作者目的或为文章选最佳标题的题型可根据前面所做过的题目来进行分析，并且在所给选项中着重对名词的理解。
剑桥雅思真题解析阅读9（test3）
剑桥雅思真题解析阅读9(test3)雅思阅读部分一直都是中国考生比较重视的题目，并且也是很有难度的题目，针对于雅思阅读真题资料也是大家需要重点分析的。
今天智课网小编就给大家带来了关于剑桥雅思阅读9及真题解析(test3)的内容，一起来分析一下吧。
剑桥雅思阅读9原文(test3)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Attitudes to languageIt is not easy to be systematic and objective about language study. Popular linguistic debate regularly deteriorates into invective and polemic. Language belongs to everyone, so most people feel they have a right to hold an opinion about it. And when opinions differ, emotions can run high. Arguments can start as easily over minor points of usage as over major policies of linguistic education.Language, moreover, is a very public behaviour, so it is easy for different usages to be noted and criticised. No part of society or social behaviour is exempt: linguistic factors influence how we judge personality, intelligence, social status, educational standards, job aptitude, and many other areas of identity and social survival. As a result, it is easy to hurt, and to be hurt, when language use is unfeelingly attacked.In its most general sense, prescriptivism is the view that one variety of language has an inherently higher value than others, and that this ought to be imposed on the whole of the speech community. The view is propounded especially in relation to grammar and vocabulary, and frequently with reference topronunciation. The variety which is favoured, in this account, is usually a version of the ‘standard’ written language, especially as encountered in literature, or in the formal spoken language which most closely reflects this style. Adherents to this variety are said to speak or write ‘correctly’; deviations fr om it are said to be ‘incorrect’.All the main languages have been studied prescriptively, especially in the 18th century approach to the writing of grammars and dictionaries. The aims of these early grammarians were threefold: (a) they wanted to codify the principles of their languages, to show that there was a system beneath the apparent chaos of usage, (b) they wanted a means of settling disputes over usage, and (c) they wanted to point out what they felt to be common errors, in order to ‘improve’ the la nguage. The authoritarian nature of the approach is best characterized by its reliance on ‘rules’ of grammar. Some usages are ‘prescribed’, to be learnt and followed accurately; others are ‘proscribed’, to be avoided. In this early period, there were no half-measures: usage was either right or wrong, and it was the task of the grammarian not simply to record alternatives, but to pronounce judgement upon them.These attitudes are still with us, and they motivate a widespread concern that linguistic standards should be maintained. Nevertheless, there is an alternative point of view that is concerned less with standards than with the facts of linguistic usage. This approach is summarized in the statement that it is the task of the grammarian to describe, not prescribe —to record the facts of linguistic diversity, and not to attempt the impossible tasks of evaluating language variation or halting language change. In the second half of the 18th century, wealready find advocates of this view, such as Joseph Priestley, whose Rudiments of English Grammar (1761) insists that ‘the custom of speaking is the original and only just standard of any language’. Linguistic issue, it is argued, cannot be solved by logic and legislation. And this view has become the tenet of the modern linguistic approach to grammatical analysis.In our own time, the opposition between ‘descriptivists’ and ‘prescriptivists’ has often become extreme, with both sides painting unreal pictures of the other. Descriptive grammarians have been presented as people who do not care about standards, because of the way they see all forms of usage as equally valid. Prescriptive grammarians have been presented as blind adherents to a historical tradition. The opposition has even been presented in quasi-political terms —of radical liberalism vs elitist conservatism.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1 There are understandable reasons why arguments occur about language.2 People feel more strongly about language education than about small differences in language usage.3 Our assessment of a person’s intelligence is affected by the way he or she uses language.4 Prescriptive grammar books cost a lot of money to buy inthe 18th century.5 Prescriptivism still exists today.6 According to descriptivists it is pointless to try to stop language change.7 Descriptivism only appeared after the 18th century.8 Both descriptivists and prescriptivists have been misrepresented.Questions 9-12Complete the summary using the list of words, A-I, below.Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 9-12 on your answer sheet.The language debateAccording to 9______, there is only one correct form of language. Linguists who take this approach to language place great importance on grammatical 10 ______.Conversely, the view of 11 ______, such as Joseph Priestly, is that grammar should be based on 12 ______.A descriptivistsB language expertsC popular speechD formal languageE evaluationF rulesG modern linguists H prescriptivists I changeQuestion 13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 13 on your answer sheet.What is the writer’s purpose in Reading Passage 1?A. to argue in favour of a particular approach to writing dictionaries and grammar booksB. to present a historical account of differing views of languageC. to describe the differences between spoken and written languageD. to show how a certain view of language has been discreditedREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Tidal PowerUndersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the futureA. Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in sea turbines comes from tidal currents which turn blades similar to ships’ propellers, but, unlike wind, the tid es are predictable and the power input is constant. The technology raises the prospect of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. If tide, wind and wave power are all developed, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe. Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and New Zealand.B. Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixth or more of the UK’s power —and at prices competitive with modern gas turbines and undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry. One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainland Scotland, could produce 10% of the country’s electricity with banks of turbines under the sea,and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1,200 megawatts of Britain’s largest and newest nuclear plant, Sizewell B, in Suffolk. Other sites identified include the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotland, particularly the channel between Campbeltown and Northern Ireland.C. Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are well advanced at the University of Southampton’s sustainable energy research group. The first station is expected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by the department of Trade and Industry and the European Union. AbuBakr Bahaj, in charge of the Southampton research, said: ‘The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and constant. The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. There are a few technical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years we will be installing commercial marine turbine farms.’ Southampton has been awarded ￡215,000 over three years to develop the turbines and is working with Marine Current Turbines, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project. EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there are strong tidal currents.D. A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of wind generator to produce three times as much power. The blades will be about 20 metres in diameter, so around 30 metres of water is required. Unlike wind power, there are unlikelyto be environmental objections. Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the relatively slow-turning blades. Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwater cables. The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warn shipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.E. Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site, where there are powerful currents. The single undersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channel.F. One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning blade causes air bubbles. These can cause vibration and damage the blades of the turbines. Dr Bahaj said: ‘We have to test a number of blade types to avoid this happening or at least make sure it does not damage the turbines or reduce performance. Another slight concern is submerged debris floating into the blades. So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have to make the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the signs that we can do it are good.’Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14 the location of the first test site15 a way of bringing the power produced on one site backinto Britain16 a reference to a previous attempt by Britain to find an alternative source of energy17 mention of the possibility of applying technology from another industryQuestions 18-22Choose FIVE letters, A-J.Write the correct letters in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.Which FIVE of the following claims about tidal power are made by the writer?A It is a more reliable source of energy than wind power.B It would replace all other forms of energy in Britain.C Its introduction has come as a result of public pressure.D It would cut down on air pollution.E It could contribute to the closure of many existing power stations in Britain.F It could be a means of increasing national income.G It could face a lot of resistance from other fuel industries.H It could be sold more cheaply than any other type of fuel.I It could compensate for the shortage of inland sites for energy production.J It is best produced in the vicinity of coastlines with particular features.Questions 23-26Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.An Undersea TurbineREADING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Information theory-the big ideaInformation theory lies at the heart of everything —from DVD players and the genetic code of DNA to the physics of the universe at its most fundamental. It has been central to the development of the science of communication, which enables data to be sent electronically and has therefore had a major impact on our livesA. In April 2002 an event took place which demonstrated one of the many applications of information theory. The space probe, Voyager I, launched in 1997, had sent back spectacular images of Jupiter and Saturn and then soared out of the Solar System on a one-way mission to the stars. After 25 years of exposure to the freezing temperatures of deep space, the probe was beginning to show its age. Sensors and circuits were on the brink of failing and NASA experts realized that they had to do something or lose contact with their probe forever. The solution was to get a message to Voyager I to instruct it to use spares to change the failing parts. With the probe 12 billion kilometers from Earth, this was not an easy task. By means of a radio dish belonging to NASA’s Deep Space Network, the message was sent out into the depths of space. Even travelling at the speed of light, it took over 11 hours to reach its target, far beyond the orbit of Pluto. Yet, incredibly, the little probe managed to hear the faint call from its home planet, and successfully made the switchover.B. It was the longest-distance repair job in history, and a triumph for the NASA engineers. But it also highlighted the astonishing power of the techniques developed by American communications engineer Claude Shannon, who had died just ayear earlier. Born in 1916 in Petoskey, Michigan, Shannon showed an early talent for maths and for building gadgets, and made breakthroughs in the foundations of computer technology when still a student. While at Bell Laboratories, Shannon developed information theory, but shunned the resulting acclaim. In the 1940s, he single-handedly created an entire science of communication which has since inveigled its way into a host of applications, from DVDs to satellite communications to bar codes — any area, in short, where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet accurately.C. This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shannon originally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-old graduate engineering student at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939. He set out with an apparently simple aim: to pin down the precise meaning of the concept of ‘information’. The most basic form of information, Shannon argued, is whether something is true or false —which can be captured in the binary unit, or ‘bit’, of the form 1 or 0. Having identified this fundamental unit, Shannon set about defining otherwise vague ideas about information and how to transmit it from place to place. In the process he discovered something surprising: it is always possible to guarantee information will get through random interference —‘noise’ — intact.D. Noise usually means unwanted sounds which interfere with genuine information. Information theory generalses this idea via theorems that capture the effects of noise with mathematical precision. In particular, Shannon showed that noise sets a limit on the rate at which information can pass along communication channels while remaining error-free. This ratedepends on the relative strengths of the signal and noise travelling down the communication channel, and on its capacity (its ‘bandwidth’). The resulting limit, given in units of bits per second, is the absolute maximum rate of error-free communication given singal strength and noise leve. The trick, Shannon showed, is to find ways of packaging up —‘coding’ — information to cope with the ravages of noise, while staying within the information-carrying capacity —‘bandwidth’ — of the communication system being used.E. Over the years scientists have devised many such coding methods, and they have proved crucial in many technological feats. The Voyager spacecraft transmitted data using codes which added one extra bit for every single bit of information; the result was an error rate of just one bit in 10,000 — and stunningly clear pictures of the planets. Other codes have become part of everyday life — such as the Universal Product Code, or bar code, which uses a simple error-detecting system that ensures supermarket check-out lasers can read the price even on, say, a crumpled bag of crisps. As recently as 1993, engineers made a major breakthrough by discovering so-called turbo codes —which come very close to Shannon’s ultimate limit for the maximum rate that data can be transmitted reliably, and now play a key role in the mobile videophone revolution.F. Shannon also laid the foundations of more efficient ways of storing information, by stripping out superfluous (‘redundant’) bits from data which contributed little real information. As mobile phone text messages like ‘I CN C U’ show, it is often possible to leave out a lot of data without losing much meaning. As with error correction, however, there’s a limit beyond which messages become too ambiguous. Shannonshowed how to calculate this limit, opening the way to the design of compression methods that cram maximum information into the minimum space.Questions 27-32Reading Passage 3 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.27 an explanation of the factors affecting the transmission of information28 an example of how unnecessary information can be omitted29 a reference to Shannon’s attitude to fame30 details of a machine capable of interpreting incomplete information31 a detailed account of an incident involving information theory32 a reference to what Shannon initially intended to achieve in his researchQuestions 33-37Complete the notes below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS form the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 33-37 on your answer sheet.The Voyager 1 Space ProbeThe probe transmitted pictures of both 33______ and ______, then left the 34 ______.The freezing temperatures were found to have a negative effect on parts of the space probe.Scientists feared that both the 35 ______ and ______ wereabout to stop working.The only hope was to tell the probe to replace them with 36 ______ —but distance made communication with the probe difficult.A 37 ______ was used to transmit the message at the speed of light.The message was picked up by the probe and the switchover took place.Questions 38-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passge 3?In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this38 The concept of describing something as true or false was the starting point for Shannon in his attempts to send messages over distances.39 The amount of information that can be sent in a given time period is determined with reference to the signal strength and noise level.40 Products have now been developed which can convey more information than Shannon had anticipated as possible.剑桥雅思阅读9原文参考译文(test3)PASSAGE 1 参考译文：对语言的态度对于语言进行系统、客观的研究并不容易。
剑桥雅思9Test3 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：潮汐发电
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思9阅读TEST 3 PASSAGE 2译文,有需要延伸课外阅读的烤鸭，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test3 Pessage1参考译文：对语言的态度；剑桥雅思9Test3 Pessage 3 参考译文:信息理论——伟大的构想。
TEST 3 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：潮汐发电在水下安装涡轮机利用潮汐发电，将成为英国获得可再生能源的一个重要途径。
现在预测潮汐发电可能产生的影响还为时过早，但是种种迹象表明，未来潮汐发电将发挥重要作用。
A和风力涡轮机的运行原理一样，水力涡轮机的动力来自潮流，在潮流的作用下轮机叶片像船只的螺旋桨一样工作。
但是与风不同的是，潮汐是可预测的，而且其输人功率是恒定的。
这项技术为英国可再生能源的自给自足开辟了广阔的前景，同时也大大降低了二氧化碳的排放量。
如果潮汐、风力和海浪发电都能得到开发，那么英国就能关闭天然气、煤炭和核能发电站，并向欧洲其他地区出口可再生能源。
与之前开发风能有所不同一风能由英国首先开发，而后却搁置了20年，最后由荷兰将其发展成一个主要产业，这次通过向日本与新西兰这样的岛国出口水下涡轮机，英国将赚取巨额外汇。
B已经确定选址的潮汐发电站将为英国提供六分之一甚至更多的电力，而且其价格与现代汽轮机发电价格相比更具竞争力，同时可以使已经深陷困境的核工业的核能价格降低。
仅仅是位于奥克尼岛和苏格兰大陆之间的彭特兰湾的一个潮汐发电站，其水下的数排涡轮机就能提供英国所需10%的电量。
另一个位于海峡群岛内奥尔德尼岛的发电站，其装机容量是英国最大、最新核电站装机容量的三倍，而这一位于萨福克郡的赛兹韦尔B核电站的最大装机容量达到1,200兆瓦。
其他已经确定的潮汐发电站选址包括布里斯托尔海峡和苏格兰西海岸，特别是位于坎贝尔敦与北爱尔兰之间的海峡。
C南安普敦大学的可持续能源研究小组在新涡轮机叶片的设计和潮汐发电站的选址方面的工作进行得很顺利。
第一个潮汐发电站预计很快将在德文郡的林茅斯海岸建立，用来检测贸易与工业部和欧盟的一个合资项目研发的技术。
剑9 Test3 Passage3 长难句分析-智课教育出国考试
智 课 网 雅 思 备 考 资 料剑9 Test3 Passage3 长难句分析-智课教育出国考试雅思长难句一直是雅思阅读中的一个难点，烤鸭们几乎都被折磨过。
今天，雅思小编给大家带来剑9 Test3 Passage3长难句分析，让烤鸭们掌握分析长难句的技巧，攻克长难句，不再是个传说。
1. In the 1940s, he single-handedly created an entire science of communication which has since inveigled its way into a host of applications, from DVDs to satellite communications to bar codes - any area, in short, where data has to be conveyed rapidly yet accurately. (剑9 Test 3 Passage 3)我们先来认识一些单词：1. inveigle (vt. 诱骗，诱使)2. accurately (adv.精确地)句子结构分析：这句话主干是he single-handedly created an entire science of communication。
Which引导定语从句修饰communication，from DVDs to satellite communications to bar codes 做插入语，破折号后面anyarea…表解释说明。
inshort做插入语，where引导非限制性定语从句修饰area。
译文：20世纪40年代，他一手创立了完整的通信科学理论，随后该理论得到了广泛应用，从DVD到卫星通信，再到条形码——总之，需要快速而又准确传送数据的所有领域都应用到了通信科学。
2. This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shahhon originally had for his work, which began when he was a 22-year-old graduate engineering student at the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1939. (剑9 Test 3 Passage 3)我们先来认识一些单词：1. prestigious(adj. 著名的，有声望的)2. down-to-earth (adj. 现实的)句子结构分析：这句话的主干是This all seems light years away from the down-to-earth uses Shahhon originally had for his work。
剑桥雅思9口语真题+解析Test3-Part3
剑桥雅思9口语真题+解析Test3-Part3摘要：剑桥雅思9口语真题+解析Test3-Part3，剑桥雅思9Test3口语Part3讨论话题举例：Reasons for daily travel，有需要的同学抓紧时间下载吧!Discussion topics:Reasons for daily travelExample questions:· Why do people need to travel every day?为什么人们每天都需要出行?笨鸟雅思口语名师点题本题询问人们为什么每天穿梭于各地。
通常针对询问people的问题，可以相应列举出不同人群，如上班的人、上学的人、走亲访友的人、旅游的人等，同时针对某类人群适当进行拓展。
高分示例People need to travel for lots of different reasons. Almost everybody has to travel to work, so they can earn money and provide for their families. If a person is lucky, then they will live very close to the place where they work, so they can travel on foot or by bicycle. Sometimes, however, people live very far away, so they must travel by bus, train, car, or even sometimes by plane or boat! Lots of people also travel to see friends and family members, who might live in a different city, or even a different country. But often people just like to travel for fun, to go to somewhere new, or to see a famous tourist site or place of natural beauty.参考译文人们有各种各样的理由来来往往。
剑桥雅思9真题 解析-Test3听力Section1
智课网IELTS备考资料剑桥雅思9真题+解析-Test3听力Section1摘要：雅思听力资料，最有价值的当然是剑桥雅思9听力真题，烤鸭最好提前下载全部内容，以备复习雅思时用。
下面看看剑桥雅思9真题+解析-Test3听力Section1的内容吧。
剑桥雅思听力下载-Test3 Section1>，雅思听力真题全解析主题场景住宿场景表现形式电话咨询主旨大意一位女士打电话给旅行中介咨询住宿事宜。
考查题型表格填空题听前预测1-5题是分类信息表格填空题。
考生应快速浏览表格的第一行和第一列，发现同一行是相关信息，同一列是同类信息，可以得知分别要填写的是公寓的名称、设施、相关信息和价格，接着，找出题目顺序，同时预测每个空格的答案词性，划出空格前后的定位词。
6-10题是分类信息表格填空题。
做题方法基本同上，不过，考生还应注意到：根据第一行的标题GREEK ISLAND HOLIDAYS可知表格与度假有关，最后两行是附加信息，分别是姓名和电话小马名师解读剑9听力1. 300 请注意，根据空格后的metres可知空格中应填数词，空格前后的salt-water swimming pool和beach是定位词。
此题直接给出了答案，没有陷讲。
2. Sunshade 根据空格所在的这一列的另外几项可知空格中应填名词，且要大写首字母。
根据录音中女士说的there are just two more apartments可知答案即将出现，接下来该女士磕磕巴巴地说sun ...Sunshine，这其实是暗示考生答案更加接近了，但它同时又是陷阱，让考生以为Sunshine是答案，其实，女士的这句话只是提问，男士回答的the Sunshade Apartments 才是答案。
3. balcony Greek paintings是本题的并列成分，它既是定位词，又是定性词，决定空格中要填名词或动名词。
录音中，在Greek paintings之后有个and，提示考生接下来给出的是其并列成分，即balcony。
剑桥雅思9Test3 Pessage 3 参考译文：信息理论
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思9Test3 Pessage 3 阅读译文,相应的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test3阅读Passage3答案解析。
TEST 3 PASSAGE 3 参考译文：信息理论——伟大的构想从根本上说，信息理论是一切事物的中心——从DVD播放器、DNA遗传密码，到宇宙物理学。
一直以来信息理论对通信科学的发展都极为重要，它使数据可以电子化传送，因而也对我们的生活产生了重大影响。
A 2002年4月发生的一件事展现了信息理论的一大应用。
1977年发射的太空探测器“旅行者1号”发回了木星和土星的壮观照片，然后飞出太阳系开始它的单程旅行，飞往其他恒星执行任务。
25年来，“旅行者1 号”始终暴露在寒冷的深空中，它的性能开始逐渐衰退，传感器和电路已经接近崩溃的边缘。
美国宇航局专家意识到他们必须采取措施，否则就会永远和“旅行者1号”失去联系。
为了解决这一问题,他们的方案是给“旅行者1号”发去信息，指导它用备件更换已经出现故障的部件。
考虑到“旅行者1号”距离地球120亿公里之远，这并不是一项简单的任务。
信息最终通过美国宇航局深空网的无线电天线传送到了太空深处。
该信息虽然以光速传播，却还是花了11个小时才到达远在冥王星轨道之外的目标。
然而令人难以置信的是，这颗小小的探测器成功接收到了来自故乡星球微弱的召唤，并顺利地更换了零件。
B这是有史以来最远距离的修理工作，也是美国宇航局工程师的一大成功。
但是，这也突出显示了(信息)技术的惊人力量，这些技术由一年前(注：2001年)刚刚离世的美国通信工程师Claude Shannon研发。
.Claude Shannon于1916年出生于密歇根州的佩托斯基。
他少年时便展示出了在数学与制作小器械方面的天赋，而且在学生时期就在计算机的基础技术上取得了多项突破。
在贝尔实验室时，Shannon发展了信息理论，但他并不看重因此而获得的荣誉。
20世纪40年代，他一手创立了完整的通信科学理论，随后该理论得到了广泛应用，从DVD到卫星通信，再到条形码——总之，需要快速而又准确传送数据的所有领域都应用到了通信科学。
剑桥9 test 3 p1 阅读解析
剑桥9 test 3 p1 阅读解析摘要：1.问题背景及要求2.观点一：兴建运动设施3.观点二：加大宣传力度，推行家庭健身4.观点三：兴建医院，提高医疗服务水平5.综合分析各观点6.提出个人看法正文：随着社会的发展，公共健康问题愈发引起人们的关注。
在这样的背景下，如何提升公共健康成为了一个热门话题。
在剑桥雅思9 test 3的大作文中，作者针对这一问题展开了讨论，其中部分人认为兴建运动设施是最佳途径，而另一部分人则认为还需采取其他措施。
首先，兴建运动设施的确是一个可行的方案。
在我国，许多人都有运动的想法，但却因为家附近没有合适的场地而不得不放弃。
如果政府能够投入资金，在城市中增加运动设施，如篮球场、足球场和健身房等，这将有助于激发大众的运动热情，从而提高公共健康水平。
此外，运动设施的普及还能培养人们的团队精神，促进社会交往，使人们在忙碌的生活中找到放松和乐趣。
然而，仅仅依靠兴建运动设施并不能完全解决公共健康问题。
另一部分人认为，我们需要采取更多元化的手段来提高公共健康。
例如，加大宣传力度，让公众认识到运动的重要性，培养健康的生活习惯。
通过各种媒体渠道，如电视、报纸、网络等，宣传健康知识，促使人们将运动纳入日常生活。
此外，推行家庭健身也是一种实用的方法。
随着科技的发展，家庭健身器材越来越多样化，如跑步机、健身球等。
人们可以在家里进行锻炼，节省时间成本，提高运动效率。
再者，兴建医院和完善医疗服务水平也是提升公共健康的重要途径。
当人们生病时，能够得到及时有效的治疗，有助于恢复健康。
同时，通过定期体检和关注身体状况，可以预防潜在的健康问题。
因此，在增加运动设施的基础上，我们还应关注医疗服务的质量，为公众提供更好的就医环境。
综合以上观点，我们可以发现，提升公共健康需要多管齐下。
兴建运动设施、加大宣传力度、推行家庭健身和提高医疗服务水平等措施均有助于提高公共健康水平。
然而，在实际操作中，我们还需根据各地区的情况和人群需求，制定有针对性的政策。
剑桥雅思9真题及解析Test3口语
How often do you make telephone calls? [Why/Why not?]你通常多久一次电话？（为什么？/为什么不？）名师点题剑9口语“打电话”属于比较简单的考题。
对于这个问题，比较简短的回答就是：I make phone calls every day.然后扩展的方向包括在什么状况下需要打电话，打电话在日常生活中能起到什么作用。
当然也可以把打电话和其他通讯方式做一下对比，如发短信、写信等。
高分示例1Although I generally send emails and text messages, I still make telephone calls on a daily basis. I need to call my colleagues regularly, especially if it's urgent or complicated, so it's more convenient than sending text messages. However, I also make phone calls to my family and friends, just to chat and see how their day has been!尽管我一般都发邮件和短信，我还是会每天都打电话。
我通常需要给我的同事打电话，尤其是出现紧急或复杂情况的时候打电话要比发息方便得多。
我也会给家人和朋友打电话，和他们聊一聊，了解他们的近况。
高分示例2I make about one to two phone calls a day, depending on whether I need to make plans to go out with friends that day. Because I have instant messaging on my phone, it is much easier than talking on the phone. Plus it is free and sometimes phone calls can be expensive to make.我一般每天打一两个电话，取决于我是否计划和我的好友出去玩。
(003-B9-R2)剑桥雅思第九本第三篇文章The history of the tortoise
The history of the tortoise乌龟史If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea.很久很久以前，所有的一切都生活在海里At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land,sometimes even to the most parched deserts,taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids.在很多不同类型的动物群体中，其中那些有进取心的群体在进化史的很多节点里断断续续向陆地迁徙，有些甚至只是凭借血液内的海水和细胞里的液体，竟迁徙去了最炎热的沙漠In addition to the reptiles,birds,mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions ,snails,crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs,millipedes and centipedes,spiders and various worms.另外，我们身边的爬虫动物，鸟类，哺乳动物和昆虫也成功出水，还有蝎子，甲壳类动物如木虱，螃蟹，千足虫，蜈蚣，蜘蛛和多种蠕虫And we mustn’t forget the plants,without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.并且，我们决不能忽视掉植物，如果没有它们作为先遣队进入陆地，上述这一切是不可能发生的。
剑9阅读真题3生词版
READING PASSAGE 3The history of the tortoiseIf you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history,enterprising individual s within many different animal groups moved out onto the land,sometimes even to the most parched deserts,taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles,birds,mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water includescorpion s ,snail s,crustaceans such as woodlice and land crab s,millipede s and centipede s,spider s and various worms. And we musten’t forget the plants,without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.1.Evolutionary:进化的，发展的，演变的。
Evolution:n,进化，发展，演变evolutiontheory 进化论2 Enterprising：有事业心的；有进取心的；有魄力的3.parched adj.焦干的；饥渴的parch v.烘；烤干；炙烤 parchment:羊皮纸，仿羊皮卷4. cellular adj.细胞的；多孔的；蜂窝式的 n.手机5. In addition to除之外6 reptile：爬行动物，卑鄙的人；爬虫类的7 mammal：n，哺乳动物8.scorpion n 蝎子（死搞拼）9 snail :n 蜗牛，慢性子的人（第一篇出现过，蜗牛液体提取染料）10 crustacean :adj,甲壳（读跷qiao）纲的 n 甲壳纲动物(蟹，龙虾等)。
剑桥雅思9阅读解析test
Passage1Question 1答案： FALSE关键词： Michael Faraday the first person定位原文: 第2段第2句“His talent and devotion…”他的老师Thomas Hall发现了他在化学方面的天赋与热忱，鼓励其参加皇家学院著名科学家Michael Faraday的一系列讲座。
解题思路: 从这句话很容易看出，Thomas Hall是文中提到的第一个发现Perkin化学天赋的人，尽管文中没有用到the first person这样的确切说法，但是看完第二段就不难发现，这点的确是对的。
因此，题中的说法与文中的事实相反。
Question 2答案： NOT GIVEN关键词： Michael Faraday, Royal College of Chemistry，suggested定位原文：第2段第3句“Those speeches fired…” Faraday的讲座进一步激发了这位年轻化学家的热情，在1853年，15岁的Perkin成功进入皇家化学学院学习。
解题思路：这句话仅仅告诉我们，Perkin是在听了Faraday的讲座后，对化学的激情更加澎湃，进而考上了皇家化学学院，而并没有提到Faraday与Perkin进行直接接触或沟通，所以题目是对文章中出现的人和事的过分解读。
Question 3答案： FALSE关键词： employed, assistant，August Wilhelm Hofmann定位原文：第3段第1、2句“At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the…”在Perkin入学时，皇家化学学院的院长正是著名的德国化学家August Wilhelm Hofmann。
Perkin的科学天赋很快引起了Hofmann 的注意，不到两年他就成了Hofmann最年轻的助理。
解题思路：从这两句话中可以清晰地看出Perkin和Hofmann之间的关系，前者是后者最年轻的助理，题目的说法和文中的陈述是直接抵触的。
剑桥雅思9真题及解析Test3写作
写作名师点题：这个题目属于argumentation辩论型题目。
题干中包含d iscuss both sides,则必须使用对称式结构。
从思路上来说，比校难写，不容易找出理由。
可以围绕以下思路:人们现在的工作、学习压力大，没时问运动:人们在空闲时一般都看电视、上网.不做运动等。
雅思写作高分范文：A proble m of modemsociet ies is the declin ing levelof health in the genera l popul a t ion. One possib le soluti on is to provid e more sports facili tiesto encourage a more active lifestyle. However, there are some people who doubt whether the solution would have effects.Advocates of this solution believe that increasing the number of sports facilities is the best way to improve the weU-being of people. First of all, nowadays people have to devote more time and energy to their careers and therefore they are too busy to spare time for physical exercises. If there were easy-to-reach local sports facilities, they would be more likely to take part in physical activitiesregularly. Another reason is that today's sedentary lifestyle means that physical activ i ty is no longer part of people's leisure time. If more sports facilities were offer e d, doing a variety of sports would be much more attractive than just sitting in front of a screen every evening.However, there are some reasons why the solution may have little effect. In the first place, interest in sports is not universal, and additional facilities might simply attract those who are already fit, not those who need them badly. What we should do is to help children develop a positive attitude to exercise at an early age. In the secon d place, there may be better ways of tackling this problem. For example, high tax penalt ies could be imposed on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol, as excessive consu m ption of any of these contributes to poor health. Even improving the public transport would help because it takes a longer time to walk to the bus stop than to the car.In my opinion, increasing the number of sports facilities may not have the desired resul t s. People should be encouraged to form the habit of doing regular physical exercises when they are young. In addition, some better approaches may assist in improving peopl e's health.作文结构分析：根据题目要求，此范文使用了对称式结构，文章分为四段:第一段介绍题目背景并简述双方观点:第二段对同意这种做法的观点进行了分析，并说明了两个理由:第三段时反对这个做法的观点进行了分析，也阐述了两个理由;第四段总结全文，提出自己的观点。
雅思9text3section4
高中化学教学中绿色化学理念的渗透研究摘要】在教育快速发展的今天，很多地方的高中化学教学，都开始转为绿色化学教学的方向，希望由此来更好的培养学生的绿色环保意识，让学生在应用化学知识的过程中，或者是日常生活中，都坚持环保为主，减少各种污染、浪费的现象。
从客观的角度来分析，高中化学教学涉及到的知识点较多，能够为绿色化学理念的渗透，提供较多的帮助。
文章就此展开讨论，并提出合理化建议。
【关键词】高中；化学；绿色；理念；渗透前言：高中化学教学在现阶段的开展中，基本上可以从学生的角度来出发，各个方面的教学任务都按时完成。
但在很长的时间里，教师忽视了绿色化学理念的渗透，这就对学生的将来发展和社会建设造成了较大的影响。
通过在高中化学教学阶段，有效的渗透绿色化学理念，能够为长远的发展提供支持。
一、高中化学教学的特点经过多次的教育改革以后，我国现阶段的高中化学教学，已经形成了较为健全的教学体系，在知识的教育上和能力的把握上，基本上都可以得到健全的成果。
分析认为，高中化学教学的特点主要是集中在以下几个方面：第一，教学内容广泛。
在以往的教学工作中，高中化学的知识点比较固定，每一届的学生都学习到相同的知识，在教材方面的改善也不明显，以至于很多学生对绿色化学理念根本不了解，在日常生活中也没有将化学知识更好的运用。
现如今，化学知识达到了宽泛性的特点，能够深入的联合学生日常生活，在很多方面都达到了“学以致用”的特点，告别了以往的错误教学[1]。
第二，高中化学教学在开展的过程中，会通过灵活的手段来执行，基本上不会局限在传统的灌输式教学上。
现下的很多学生视野比较开阔，同时针对学习的观点存在很大的不同看法，运用多元化的教学手段，能够帮助学生取得更好的进步，减少对思想上的束缚，从而在将来的人才培养上取得更多的帮助。
二、高中化学教学中绿色化学理念的渗透（一）将绿色化学理念渗入课堂教学中在高中阶段，化学知识的教育多半集中在课堂当中，学生需要汲取的知识量比较庞大。
剑9 Test3 Reading passage 3解析
sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers.（C段第4 句）
be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.（D段最后一句）
定位词：raise，extraction
答案：maintenance
题目解析 题干中fish and other creatures就是sea life, unlikely to be at risk替换了not in danger。
定位词：another industry，applying technoligy 答案：C
题目解析 题干中的wind power在A段出现得比较多，仔细阅读便能发现跟题干相似的意思——
wind在此句中以原形出现，而reliable被替换为predictable和constant。
（A段第一句）
从解析来看很多答案出现在某段的段首或段尾不妨我们以后可以在理解文章大意的基础上再去这些地方寻找到答案能节省不少时间
Reading Passage 2
全文概括：潮汐能（Tidal Power）对于英国的作用及重要性，还有关于潮汐能的介绍。 题型：Question 14-17是段落信息匹配题
Question 18-22是多选题
定位词：location，first 答案：C
题目解析 题干中说的是一种把生产在某处的能源带回英国的方式，很明显能对应到E段。
朗阁雅思20140124剑九写作考官范文剖析之TEST3 TASK2
朗阁20140124雅思剑九写作考官范文剖析之TEST3 TASK2朗阁海外考试研究中心2013年发布的《剑桥雅思真题集9》给广大考生带来了新一轮的考试方向的指引。
从官方提供的真题集中，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家们总结了一些考试的动向和未来考试发展的趋势。
同时，在剑桥9的Test2大作文中，也出现了“逆天”的所谓朴素8分作文。
但是事实上，除了该篇以外，另外的三篇考官范文继续保持了以前剑桥真题相当的可读性、难度和地道性。
这绝对说明，考试的评分标准并未发生变化，并且从语言的美感和内容逻辑性的要求来看，雅思考试一如既往对考生提出了相当的要求。
朗阁海外考试研究中心写作组的专家就剑九所提供的考官范文，分别进行详尽的剖析。
本文将以剑九TEST3 TASK2为主要切入点进行解析。
题目如下：Some people say that the best way to improve the public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.正文内容：A problem of modern societies is the declining level of health in the general population, with conflicting views on how to tackle this worrying trend. One possible solution is to provide more sports facilities to encourage a more active lifestyle.Advocates of this believe that today’s sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time. If there were easy-to-reach local sports centres, we would be more likely to make exercise a regular part of our lives, rather than just collapsing infront of a screen every evening. The variety of sports that could be offered would cater for all ages, levels of fitness and interests: those with painful memories of PE at school might be happier in the swimming pool than on the football pitch.However, there may be better ways of tackling this problem. Interest in sport is not universal, and additional facilities might simply attract the already fit, not those who most need them. Physical activity could be encouraged relatively cheaply, for example by installing exercise equipment in parks, as my local council has done. This has the added benefit that parents and children often use them together just for fun, which develops a positive attitude to exercise at an early age.As well as physical activity, high tax penalties could be imposed on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol, as excessive consumption of any of these contributes to poor health. Even improving public transport would help: it takes longer to walk to the bus stop than to the car.In my opinion, focusing on sports facilities is too narrow an approach and would not have the desired results. People should be encouraged not only to be more physically active but also to adopt a healthier lifestyle in general.解析1：审题题目提出，一些人认为提升公共健康的方式是增加运动设施的数量，而另一部分人认为这个方法收效甚微，应当采取其他的方式。
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剑桥雅思9 Reading Test 3
Passage1整体分析
体裁说明文
题材语言学
主题介绍两个语言学派的观点和态度
段落概括第一段背景介绍：语言的普及性导致人们容易对其持有不同的看法第二段语言在社会各方面的影响
第三段语言学派“规范主义”的观点
第四段规范主义依赖于严格的语法规则及其目的
第五段另一个语言学派“描写主义”的观点和态度
第六段两个学派的现状及他们对彼此的误解
考题精解
Questions 1-8
题型：判断题 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN
解析：判断题一般都是有顺序的，确定了第一道题的原文定位后，可以向后查找其他题目的答案。
特殊情况下会有两道题出自于同一句话的现象。
有些题目选择NOT GIVEN是因为在文章中无法定位。
题型：摘要填空题SUMMARY COMPLETION
解析：本题型为配有词库的SUMMARY COMPLETION，此类题型首先要注意词库中所给单词的词性，其次注意题目中挖空的句子中的定位词，最后在文章中定位，并注意文章中找到的单词可能是词库中所给单词的同义替换。
题型：单选题MULTIPLE CHOICE
解析：本题为单选题，此类问及作者目的或为文章选最佳标题的题型可根据前面所做过的题目来进行分析，并且在所给选项中着重对名词的理解。
Test3Passage2整体解析
体裁说明文
题材能源与科技
主题潮汐能
段落概括引言概述潮汐能对于英国的影响和重要性
A段潮汐能相对于其他能源的优点以及将给英国带来的利益 B段潮汐能的潜力
C段有关潮汐能科技的开发
D段海洋涡轮叶片的描述及优点
E段海洋涡轮的潜力和即将给英国带来的利益
F段目前存在的有关海洋涡轮的技术难点
雅思阅读重点词汇
剑桥雅思9阅读答案解析Test3Passage2
Questions 14-17
题型：段落信息配对题MATCHING
解析：此题工作量大，费时多，解题时不建议首选此类试题。
在读题过程中把每一个信息句中的主要名词标注出来，到文章每一段中仔细地搜寻。
注意：有的段落会被选两次。
Questions 18-22
题型：多选题MULTIPLE CHOICE
解析：此题为多选题，问作者对于主题的陈述哪些是正确的，这种题是很难定位的。
建议细读选项，将选项中的名词标为重点，再到文章中核对，注意同义替换比较频繁。
Questions 23-26
题型：图表题DIAGRAM
解析：此类题型除了要注意图中所给的名词定位以外，还要注意图形中的方位和图形特点。
如果填空题中有介词，也可以借助介词进行定位。
此题可能无序。
注意字数限制。
Passage3整体分析
体 裁 说明文 题 材 科技应用 主 题 介绍信息理论
段落概括 引言 概述信息理论的重要性 A 段 一个信息理论应用的实例
B 段
介绍发明信息技术的工程师Claude Shannon C 段 Claude Shannon 发展这一技术的初衷 D 段 信息交流技术的理论原理
E 段 科学家们就此理论所发展出的各种代码
F 段 Shannon 为信息储存所做的贡献
雅思阅读重点词汇
考题精解
Questions 27-32
题型：段落信息配对题MATCHING
解析：此题工作量大，费时多，解题时不建议首选此类试题。
在读题过程中把每一个信息句中的主要名词标注出来，到文章每一段中仔细地搜寻。
Questions 33-37
题型：句子填空题SENTENCE COMPLETION
解析：此题是按正序排列的。
在每个句子中寻找名词，在文章中锁定位置，然后通过判断空格的词性来选择单词。
注意，此题限制字数。
Questions 38-40
题型：判断题 TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN
解析：判断题一般都是顺序的，确定了第一道题的原文定位后，可以向后查找其他题目的答案。
特殊情况下会有两道题出自于同一句话的现象。
有些题目选NOT GIVEN是因为在文章中无法定位。