2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之七(13页word版)

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2019届二轮复习阅读理解说明文类型(10篇)训练之一((20页word版答案含有解析)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解说明文类型10篇训练之一[一]You can't walk into the office without Rihanna's voice singing “work work work work work work” in your head.And that one line from Lady Gaga's Bad Romance still makes you want to scream.These are commonly known as earworm songs—those sticky tunes that continue to play in your head.A recent study finds that more than 90% of adults report hearing earworm songs on a weekly basis.Fortunately，most people report earworm songs as pleasant.But others find them annoying or even maddening.“Some people are troubled by them to the point that it disturbs life，” says Elizabeth Hellmuth Margulis，a professor at the University of Arkansas who has studied earworm songs.Margulis says earworm songs tend to have some predictable characteristics.For one thing，they tend to small parts of a song—not the whole track.And “the songs you've heard recently also have the most possibility to get stuck in your memory，” she says.But sometimes something strange and unpredictable can also start a track paying in your head.“Once I was at the doctor's office and saw a poster of a man who I thought looked like Gaston—a character from Beauty and the Beast，” Margulis recalls.A couple minutes passed，and she realized she couldn't get Be Our Guest，the song in the movie，out of her head，even though she hadn't thought of the tune in years.In that instance，she was able to identify her earworm's trigger：the Gastonlooking man in the poster.“But the connections can be really unclear，” she says.Margulis points out that，in all of human history，recorded music is a very new phenomenon.She says some have inferred that earworm songs are also new—the unintended consequence of being able to hear the same song played everywhere in the same way over and over again.So far，the convincingexplanation for why human beings experience earworm songs remains a mystery.But there are some wellestablished ways to cast off the earworm songs.“Finding a mentally demanding task and putting your mind on it usually shifts attention away from internal music.People tend to get earworms when performing tasks that don't require their full attention—stuff like doing the dishes，” Margulis says.Chewing gum can also help.When a song is stuck in our heads，it's almost like we're singing along with it.If you make your mouth do something else—chewing gum，eating a meal or talking with a friend—that can kick out the earworm.You could also face your enemy.By listening to the full track that includes the passage stuck in your head，you may find “closure” and relief.28．Which of the following is most likely to be an earworm song?A．A song made up of simple words.B．A song heard frequently these days.C．A song sung by a most famous singer.D．A song learned during one's childhood.29．What does t he underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Type. B．Tune.C．Cause. D．Characteristic.30．We can infer that earworm songs may ．A．result from modern technologyB．be experienced over mealsC．help regain lost memoriesD．hurt one's hearing31．What is mainly talked about in the last three paragraphs?A．Why we hear earworm songs.B．Where to find earworm songs.C．When we hear earworm songs.D．How to get over earworm songs.【语篇解读】耳朵虫歌曲，即歌曲的某个片段不由自主地反复在脑子里出现且不受控制的现象。

2019年中考语文二模试卷分类汇编说明文阅读专题新版新人教版

说明文阅读专题宝山嘉定区（一）阅读下文，完成15-19题。

（19分）塑料污染席卷海洋①曾几何时，用于灌装软饮料的玻璃瓶逐渐被塑料瓶所取代。

与前者相比，塑料瓶不仅方便轻巧，易于加工制造，生产成本低廉；而且更容易塑形涂彩，打扮得漂漂亮亮。

由于具备这些优点，在大众软饮料消费市场上，塑料瓶包装迅速挤占了玻璃瓶的市场份额，基本上做到了一统天下。

②据某机构透露，仅某家跨国软饮料企业每年生产的塑料瓶就超过1100亿只。

这是一个怎样的数量呢？打个比方，如果将这些塑料瓶连起来，可以在地球和月亮间往返37次。

③不过，在现实中，这些一次性塑料瓶不是上了天，而是下了海。

④据有关方面的数据统计，如今，每分钟就有一卡车的塑料垃圾进入海洋。

自然，被倒入海洋中的塑料垃圾的数量，只会超过这个统计数据。

由于塑料是一种难以降解的物质，因此，海洋污染问题已经变得日趋严重。

⑤事实上，塑料瓶等塑料垃圾对海洋生物的影响是巨大的。

大块塑料缠绕大的海洋动物，如鲸鱼和海龟等，小块塑料则被误认为是食物，在海洋动物食用后令它们中毒或无法消化。

联合国环境规划署估计，每年有数十万海洋生物因海洋塑料而死亡。

⑥塑料正在进入海洋食物链的每个层级，甚至回到我们的餐桌上。

最新的研究发现，在牡蛎、贻贝和鱼类中，均检出了微塑料。

科学家研究显示，塑料还无法有效被食物链吸收，不管其在何处被消化，都会将毒素带到我们餐盘中。

⑦令人遗憾的是，在关于塑料瓶生产和使用的调查中，没有一家被调查公司承诺减少他们生产的一次性塑料瓶的数量。

相反，他们大都致力于所谓“轻量化”研发——使塑料瓶更薄，以降低成本。

但是，“轻量化”的努力远远不能弥补塑料生产总量的巨大增长所带来的危害。

要阻止海洋污染的进一步恶化，减少一次性塑料特别是一次性塑料瓶的生产数量是唯一可行的办法。

⑧研究显示，如果对塑料造成的海洋污染情况置之不理的话，其影响不只是对于海洋渔业、旅游业等等。

科学家预测，到2050年，海洋中的塑料垃圾总量将超过鱼类总量。

海南省2019年中考语文阅读专项训练-说明文阅读10篇(附答案)

说明文阅读（10篇）一、阅读下面的文章，完成1～4题。

（11分）中国饮食文化的意义①中国饮食文化博大精深，源远流长。

经过历史岁月的沉淀，在中国饮食早已超出了它本身的意义，更具有深刻的文化意义。

它不仅仅推动着民族间的相互融合，一定程度上还代表了中华优秀传统文化。

②现在的中国人在吃的方面为的并不仅仅是满足于生理的需要，吃的文化已经超过了吃本身，有了更为深刻的社会意义。

我们可以将其社会意义概括为精、美、情、礼四个字。

这四个字反映了饮食活动过程中饮食品质、审美体验、情感活动、社会功能等所包含的独特文化意蕴，也反映了饮食文化与中华优秀传统③精是对中华饮食文化的内在品质的概括。

孔子说：“食不厌精，脍不厌细。

”这反映了古人对食物求精的意识。

这种精品意识作为一种文化精神越来越广泛、越来越深入地渗透、贯彻到整个饮食活动过程中。

在中国的宴席中，选料、烹调、配料乃至饮食环境都体现着一个精字。

同时，随着物质生活水平的提高，中国人已把精视为一种重视、尊重客人的表现。

④美是对中华饮食文化的审美要求的概括。

中华饮食之所以能够征服世界，重要原因之一．．就在于它的美。

这种美是指中国饮食活动形式与内容的完美统一，是指它给人们带来的审美愉悦和精神享受。

⑤食物不仅应该味道美，其色、香都应该符合美的要求。

《左氏春秋》中说：“和如羹焉，水火醯醢①盐梅以烹鱼肉，遳之以薪。

宰夫和之，齐之以味”，讲的也是这个意思．．．．。

美作为饮食文化的一个基本内涵，它是中华饮食的魅力所在，美贯穿在饮食活动过程的每一个环节中。

⑥情是对中华饮食文化社会心理功能的概括。

吃喝实际上是人与人之间情感交流的媒介，是一种具有特殊意义的社交活动。

一边吃饭一边聊天可以做生意、交流信息、采访，有着达到某种目的的社会功能。

朋友在一起小聚，都习惯于在饭桌上表达或诉说自己的情感。

⑦在中国传统的宴席上，大家围圆桌筵席而坐，这首先就从形式上营造了一种团结、礼貌、共趣的气氛。

美味佳肴置于中心，人们相互敬酒让菜，热闹非凡，这符合我们民族大团圆的普遍心态。

10篇说明文阅读题及答案

初中语文说明文阅读训练大全（一）阅读下面文章，完成第1—5题。

人类能在地球上生活多久（节选）何祚庥①人类能在地球上生活多久？这既涉及可持续发展战略，涉及地球为人类的生存和发展所提供的资源，也涉及地球的外在环境究竟能在多少年内维持不变。

②太阳是决定地球外在环境最重要的因素。

根据近代天文学家的理论，太阳将持续而稳定地向地球提供光和热，地球绕太阳旋转的平均半径，将长期维持不变，至多只有极小的摆动，这一过程将至少还持续40亿年。

过了40亿年后，太阳将逐渐膨胀而演化为红巨星，最后将地球完全吞吃到它的“肚子”里。

③太阳对地球的影响实在是太巨大了，“只要太阳吼一吼，地球立即抖一抖”。

至于人类，却承受不了地球的任何抖动！不过，太阳为地球持续提供长达4000万年的光和热却是没有问题的，因为在4000万年的年代里，所消耗的能量还不到太阳总量的1%！所以，研究人类在地球上持续生存和发展的问题，至少要以人类能在地球上持续生存4000万年为奋斗目标！④但是人类面临的真正威胁，却是来自人类自身。

如果人们认为400年前伽利略是近代科学之父的话，那么这400年来科学、技术以及工业、农业的发展，就远远超过自有人类历史以来的400万年间的成就。

与此同时，近400年来所消耗的地球上的资源，也大大超过了在400万年间人类所消耗的资源总量！如果按照现在消耗不断增长的趋势发展下去，试问4000年后乃至4000万年后的地球将是什么样的面貌？⑤地球上的资源可分为两类：一类是可再生资源，另一类是不可再生资源。

虽然人类可以用消耗可再生资源的办法补充一些不可再生资源，但这在数量上毕竟是有限度的。

所以，人类的生存和发展的问题，归根结底将取决于地球上的资源能在多少年内按照某些资源的消耗标准维持人类的正常生活。

⑥其实，4000万年只是一个保守的说法，太阳的光和热，完全可能持续更长一些时间，即使太阳系内出现某些反常事件，如小行星撞击地球，但也不太可能在4000万年内发生，而且人们完全能发射有超强破坏力的导弹，使小行星改变航道；所以，地球上的居民，至少在相当长的一个时期内，是大可不必“杞人无事忧天倾”的！⑦但是，真正值得忧虑的，是人，是人能否控制人类自身！1．本文从两个方面回答了“人类能在地球上生活多久”的问题，一个方面是太阳能否持续而稳定地向地球提供光和热，另一方面是_________________________________。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二(13页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二[一]Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods. That is why seaports often have cities nearby. But cities like New York needed more than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers. Their development did not happen simply by chance.About 1815，when many Americans from the east coast had already moved toward the west，trade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem. The slow wagons of that time，drawn by horses or oxen，were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe's canals. In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem. From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land. Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After several years of work it was completed in 1825.The canal produced an immediate effect. Freight costs were cut to about one-tenth of what had been. New York City，which had been smaller than Philadelphia and Boston，quickly became the leading city of the coast. In the years that followed，transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi River. Then New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that extended from the Atlantic Ocean far up the western branches of the Mississippi.The coming of the railroads made canal shipping less important，but it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country. It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas.Exports from New York were greater than imports. Consequently，shipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe. Passengers could come from Europe very cheaply as a result.Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many of these people remained in the city. Others stayed in New York for a few weeks，months，or years，and then moved to other parts of the United States. For these great number of new Americans New York had to provide homes，goods，and services. Their labor helped the city become great.21. Why do seaports often have cities nearby?A. Because raw materials can be made into finished goods there.B. Because seaports need their geographical location.C. Because seaports become great industrial centers.D. Because their development happen simply by chance.22. The Erie Canal was completed in about .A. 5 yearsB. 10 yearsC. 15 yearsD. 20 years23. The wagons drawn by horses or oxen at that time were for moving heavy goods very far.A. slowB. expensiveC. both A and BD. cheap24. It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas because of .A. the wagonsB. the shipsC. the Erie CanalD. the trains25. All of the following factors made New York the largest city of America EXCEPT .A. Many of the people from European countries remained there.B. Other European people stayed there for some time and moved to other parts of the United States.C. New York provided a lot of homes, goods and service for these foreigners.D. The Europeans were very homesick after staying in the U.S. for a period of time.参考答案：21. A 细节理解题。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十三(12页word版答案含有解析)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十三[一]OSLO, Norway - It was one of the toughest fights Jorun Lyngstad had experienced during her time as a Norwegian police officer. A wood grouse （猎鸟）, Europe's biggest game bird, attacked Lyngstad during a Wednesday bike ride in the woods, ramming（夯） the off-duty officer from the side and sending her flying through the air, local media reported."I guess this forceful bird may have difficult relationships with the law," Lyngstad, 37, told the newspaper Romsdals Budstikke.With her foot stuck in one of the pedals（脚蹬）, Lyngstad had to use her bike as a protection as she tried to fight off the strong bird, which kept coming at her."It wouldn't give up," Lyngstad said. "It was a harder fight than I usually see when I'm on duty."Lyngstad was finally able to force the attacker's head under the bike's front wheel, after which the bird flew back into the woods. Lyngstad suffered only a little in her side where the wood grouse rammed her."If I had needed to strike it again, I would have struck to kill," she said.A wood grouse, whose second name is capercaillie, can be up to three feet tall, and weigh up to nine pounds.Lyngstad, who was wearing a bright yellow vest during the bike ride, said she had no idea what caused the bird to attack.1. What was Jorun Lyngstad?A. A teacherB. A workerC. A firefighterD. A police officer2. Where was Jorun Lyngstad when she was attacked?A. She was in her officeB. She was at her homeC. She was in the woodsD. She was in a game3. Which of the following statements is true?A. The bird only attacked her once.B. The bird attacked her twice.C. The bird attacked her several times.D. The bird kept attacking her.4. won the fight at last.A. The birdB. The police officerC. Both of themD. Neither of them5. The bird attacked Jorun Lyngstad because .A. she was wearing a bright yellow vestB. she was riding a bikeC. the bird didn’t like the policeD. no one knew the reason参考答案：1. D 从第一段第一句中可以看出。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十(18页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二十[一]Astronauts aboard the space station Celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water that had been recycled from their urine and sweat and water that condenses from exhaled air. They said "cheers" ，clicked drinking bags and toasted NASA workers on the ground who were sipping their own version of recycled drinking water.The recycling system is needed for astronaut stations on the moon and Mars. It also will save NASA money because it won' t have to ship up as much water to the station by space shuttle or cargo rockets. Besides, it' s important as the space station is about to expand from three people living on board to six.The recycling system had been brought up to the space station last November by space shuttle Endeavour, but it couldn' t be used until samples were tested back on Earth. So when it came time to actually drink up, NASA made a big deal of it. The threeman crew stood, holding their drinks and congratulated engineers in two NASA centers that worked on the system."This is something that had been the stuff of science fiction，" Barratt said before taking a small mouthful. "The taste is worth trying."NASA deputy space shuttle manager LeRoy Cain called it "a huge milestone"．The new system takes the combined urine of the crew from the toilet, moves it to a big tank, where the water is boiled off, and the vapor is collected. The rest of the urine is thrown away. The water vapor is mixed with water from air condensation, and then it goes through filters. When six crew members are aboard it can make about six gallons from urine in about six hours."Some people may find the idea of drinking recycled urine distasteful, but it is also done on Earth with a lot longer time between urine and the tap"said Marybeth Edeen, the space station's national lab manager.The technology NASA developed for this system has already been used for quick water purification after the 2004 Asian tsunami, Edeen said."We are happy to have this water work through the system - we' re happy to have it work through our systems，"Barratt said.[语篇解读]本文讲的是国际空间站宇航员试饮尿液循环水。

说明文阅读题及答案10篇

说明文阅读题及答案10篇篇一：说明文阅读题及答案说明文一、阅读下面的文字．完成7—1 O题。

(1 1分)①传统的石化能源正在一天天的减少，同时全球还有20亿人得不到正常的能源供应。

这个时候，全世界都把目光投向了可再生能源，希望可再生能源能够改变人类的能源结构，维持长远的可持续发展。

太阳能是当前既可获得能量，又能减少二氧化碳等有害气体和有害物质排放的可再生能源之一。

越来越多的国家开始实行‚阳光计划‛，开发太阳能能源。

如美国的‚光伏建筑计划‛、欧洲的‚百万屋顶光伏计划‛、日本的‚朝日计划‛以及我国已开展的‚光明工程‛等。

②太阳能每秒钟到达地球的能量达1．7×l O14千瓦，如果我们把地球表面O．1％的太阳能转为电能，转变率5％，每年发电量即可望达到7．4×1 O13千瓦时，相当于目前全世界能耗的40倍。

因此，太阳能资源是非常丰富的能源，取之不尽，用之不竭，是人类能够自由利用的重要能源。

③资料显示，我国大部分地区太阳能资源丰富，太阳能资源开发潜力巨大。

全国总面积2／3以上地区年日照时数大于2000小时，理论储量达每年17000亿吨标准煤。

大多数地区年平均日辐射量在每平方米4千瓦时以上，陆地面积每年接受的太阳能辐射相当于上万个三峡工程发电量的总和。

④太阳能开发成本低廉，前景广阔。

近十年来，我国的太阳能利用产业得到快速发展。

特别是太阳能热水器，已初步形成较为完善的产业体系。

据预测，今后l 5年内，太阳能热水器将以20％左右的速度增长，全国城乡家庭使用太阳能热水器的户数将达总户数的25％。

随着太阳能利用方式研究的发展，太阳能空调也已经有了较为成熟的产品，有望今年走进百姓生活。

太阳能路灯、太阳能手机、太阳能无冲洗卫生间等一系列太阳能产品正处于开发应用阶段。

现在我国成了石油净进口国，对太阳能发电有了很大的需求。

目前，我们国家已制定了相关政策，鼓励把太阳能作为替代能源。

相信在不久的将来，‚到处阳光到处电‛将成为我们的生活现实。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之一(13页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之一[一]There is almost no gun control in the United States. Almost anybody can buy and carry a gun, without having to register with the police. And guns are cheap. For as little as＄5.00 you can buy a “Saturday Night Special”. This little gun got its name because more murders happen on Saturday night than at any other time. Because it is so easy to get a gun, there are more than 40 million handguns in the United States. This number is increasing by 2.5 million every year. Some of these guns will protect businessmen from being robbed. But others will have killed over 10,000 Americans this year.In the cities, more and more crimes are committed with guns. People are frightened and worried. They are asking for more government control of guns. The House of Representatives Sub-committee on Crime is looking at more than a hundred and fifty bills to control guns. Probably, none of these bills will become law.There are a number of reasons for this. Americans have always been allowed to own guns. When the country was young, guns were necessary tools. The first settlers had to hunt for their food and protect themselves from Red Indian’s attacks. They also had to protect themselves from thieves and killers; there was no police force in the “Wild West”. America grew up with guns, and now it seems that it will also die with guns, but many people want to keep them. Guns are important to many Americans. They do not want laws to stop them from owning guns. They do not even want gun-owners to have to register their names with the police. They say that laws like this limit their freedom too much.Many citizens belong to hunting clubs and shooting clubs. They use their guns for sport and target practice. The National Rifle Association has over a million members. This organization does not want any laws passed against guns of any kind. Many members of the Association are bank presidents and top executives in big companies. They have a lot of money, power and influence in Washington. They have stopped a lot of laws even against handguns. This is a strange attitude for a sporting club. As Mayor Richard Daley of Chicago says：“You don’t see someone shooting rabbits with a handgun. The only thing you hunt is human beings.”21. Saturday Night Special is .A. the name of a night club.B. the name of an evening schoolC. the name of an animal.D. the name of a little gun.22. If there were 40 million handguns in 1980, there would be handguns the next year.A. 4,250,000B. 40,000,000C. 42,500,000D. 420,500,00023. Which is NOT the reason why Americans are allowed to own guns?A. The country was young.B. The first settlers had to hunt for their food.C. They had to protect themselves from Red Indian’s attack.D. They had to protect themselves from thieves and killers.24. They use a handgun to .A. shoot rabbitsB. shoot other peopleC. practice shootingD. shoot the enemy in the war25. There is no law to control guns. The reason is probably that .A. Many presidents are against the law.B. Guns cost a lot of money.C. Guns have much power.D. Some important people stopped a lot of laws against handguns.参考答案：21. D 细节理解题。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题七选五类型模拟试题10篇训练之十六(13页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题七选五类型模拟试题10篇训练之十六[一]How to Get Promoted at WorkTo get promoted, you have to think in a positive way however big a challenge is. If you think positively you will feel better and will be able to overcome challenges in life. Furthermore, meet an optimistic person and you will notice how motivated he is towards life. 36 ______ On the other hand, negative thinking will only cause more depression in your life.37 ______ Don’t be jealous of those who are successful around you. Instead, take inspiration from their success stories. This will make you motivated to get what you want. Moreover, you can also read books that are written by inspirational and successful personalities.There is a famous quote that reads, “A healthy body leads to a healthy mind.” If your mind is healthy you will think positively. 38 ______ Whether you are working out in the gym or going for a long walk, make sure that you include an exercise plan in your daily routine.39 _______ Therefore, it is important to break your routine and do something different. Either you go on a vacation or learn a new skill, it is important to break the monotony (千遍一律) in your daily life.Human beings are extraordinary individuals who are able to complete the hardest tasks and achieve the impossible. It is important to get out of your comfort zone and try something different. 40 ________A. Therefore, it is important to exercise.B. Keeping yourself motivated is not a difficult task.C. You might lose motivation by doing the same things over and over again.D. One of the best ways to motivate oneself is to get inspired by other’s success.E. Remember, positive thinking gives you motivation to achieve what you want.F. By doing so you will get motivated and your attitudes towards life will be positive.G. Do things that make you happy and find inspiration in possibly everything you see. 参考答案：36-40 EDACF[二]Do you want to be at the top of your class? Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being a top student!31 I cannot stress how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worthwhile to add. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures.Taking notes is important. You don't need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he/she writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. 32 This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.Don't skip school. You will be missing out on stuff . 33 However, you will have more work and you have missed lectures and in-class movies. Also, try not to be late for class. It's most likely that your teacher won't appreciate it and you will get yourself behind.34 If you have an "I don't care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit. The same goes for lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to the teacher and other students. Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake.Always ask questions. 35 . If you don't understand, ask someone. Read your textbook and notes, and then if that fails, seek help. Ask a teacher, friend, classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one.A. There is no shame in needing some help.B. Staying organize d will be helpful.C. Be prepared.D. Pay attention to everything the teacher says.E. Write in your own words.F. Keep a good attitude towards things.G. It is true that you could make up the work.参考答案：31-35 DEGFA[三]The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. __31___ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. __32__ Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”and then try them out. Did these ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?2. Creativity(创造力)True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. __33__ There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3. Interpersonal Skills (人际交往能力）Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know wha t’s going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. __34__ “Why do you think she’s crying?”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?”“If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”4. Self-expression__35__ There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas--- music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we can’t forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist.E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop thisskill.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.参考答案：31--35DACFG[四]What is happiness? When you can feel inner peace and satisfaction, you are happy.__1__ This usually happens when we do something we love or achieve something that we value. It is our opinions that make us feel happy or unhappy. All of us constantly go through various situations or conditions, but we do not have to let them influence our reactions and feelings.__2__Try hard to make a change of the way you look at things.__3__ That means looking at the good and positive side of every situation. Pay attention to solutions, not problems. Listen to relaxing and uplifting music. Watch funny and interesting programs that make you laugh.Always look at what you have done and not at what you haven’t done. Look at what you can do, not at what you cannot do. Each day do at least one act to make others happy. When you make someone happy, you’ll become happy, and then people will try to make you happy.__4__ On the contrary, be happy for their happiness. Communicate with happy people and try to learn from them to be happy. Remember, do your best to stay detached (冷静的) when things do not occur as intended and desired. Detachment has much to do with inner peace.__5__A．I’ve never regretted it.B．Always look at the bright side.C．Do not envy people who are happy.D．Stop asking for everyone’s approval.E．Inner peace can lead to happiness, so smile more often.F．Here are a few tips for increasing happiness in daily life.G．It is usually experienced at a special moment.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，文章就如何提高幸福感提出了几条建议。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二(12页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十二[一]Eudaimonia is an ancient Greek word, particularly stressed by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, which deserves far more attention than it has because it corrects the shortfalls(缺失) in one of the most central, but troubling words in our modern language:happiness.When we nowadays try to clearly express the purpose of our lives, it is the word “happiness” that we commonly turn to. We tell ourselves and others that the most important principle for our jobs, our relationships and the conduct of our day-to-day life is the pursuit of happiness. It sounds like an innocent enough idea, but too much reliance on the term means that we frequently unfairly tend to quit or, at least, heavily question a great many challenging but worthwhile situations. The ancient Greeks did not believe that the purpose of life was to be happy;they proposed that it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated as “fulfilment”. What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled and—at the same time—under pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently, in an irritable (易怒的) mood. This is a slight psychological difference that is hard for the word “happiness”to capture, for it s tricky to speak of being happy yet unhappy, or happy yet suffering. However, such a combination is readily accommodated within the respected and noble idea of Eudaimonia.The word encourages us to trust that many of life s most worthwhile projects will sometimes be in conflict with contentment, and yet will be worth pursuing. Properly exploring our professional talents, managing a household, keeping a relationship going, creating a new business venture or engaging in politics... none of these goals are likely to leave us cheerful and grinning on a daily basis. They will, in fact, involve us in all manner of challenges that will deeply exhaust and weaken us, provoke (激怒) and wound us. And yet we will perhaps, at the end of our lives, still feel that the tasks were worth undertaking. Through them, we ll have achieved something deeper and more interesting than happiness.With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a pain-free existence—and then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood. We ll know that we are trying to do something far more important than smile all the time:we re striving to do justice to our full human potential.1. What do we know about “Eudaimonia” from the passage?A. It was first created by two Greek philosophers.B. It has received a lot of attention from the public.C. It still has some shortfalls that need to be corrected.D. It was regarded as the purpose of life in ancient Greece.2.According to Paragraph 3, happiness.A.is opposite to fulfilmentB.is free from physical or mental painC. stresses the psychological differenceD. serves as a respected and noble life goal3.We learn from the passage that.A. aiming for happiness may lead to wrong self-blamingB. goals that wound and weaken us result in happinessC. challenges leading to contentment are worth undertakingD. feeling fulfilled means we should avoid tough situations4.The passage encourages the readers to.A. find fulfilment with all effortsB. seek for a pain-free existenceC. keep optimistic whatever happensD. balance happiness and suffering答案1.D 2.B 3.A 4.A[二]Comedy and PsychologyEarlier this year I did a part-time comedy course. The class was taught by Ryan, a professional comedian. I had performed a show, which wasn t originally meant to be a comedy. However, the audience laughed at my first joke, then continued to laugh throughout the routines that were meant to be serious. So it was the audience who told me I was funny, but I didn t understand why or how to control the comic (滑稽的) moments. So, I joined the course to learn.“Turn off your editor that makes you say the right thing and remember how to be a child,”explained Ryan. “Don t try to be clever. Don t try too hard to be funny...and knowing all about the theory of humor is unlikely to help you much. Just behave in a silly way. That s what people want to see on stage.”Ryan would help us loosen up by saying things like, “Wander around talking to others, but make sure that you re the lowest status person here.”I d say that understanding the psychology of humor has actually helped. Recently I came across the book Inside Jokes:Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind. Its main idea is that any self-directed intelligent system will need to correct its own fault. There s a risk that the occasional error will be made. If this was boring or burdensome, we d be less willing to do it. However, evolution has made the process fun.Here s a joke in the book:Two fish are in a tank. One says to the other, “Do you know how to drive this thing?”It works on the principle that we have started to imagine one thing—that the tank is the typical container people keep fish in—and, just in time, the following words tell us that our first assumption was wrong—it s a heavy vehicle. For correctly figuring out the error, we are rewarded with a pleasurable feeling. The joke is an efficient way of encouraging this natural reaction, and comedians have become experts in slightly touching this mental funny bone in order to make us laugh.Ryan was right when he said that knowing the theory of humor wouldn t help us that much as a comedian. During one exercise in the course, four of us were told to perform an opera. Susan and Caroline sang earnestly on either side of the stage, andI brought Henry to the floor, where we wrestled (摔跤) each other like out-of-control teenagers. The rest of the group was in uncontrollable fits of laughter. As a performer, I ll never appreciate just why it seemed so funny. But the point is that I would never have written this on the paper. It was a joyous, found moment.1. Why did the author attend the comedy course?A. He wanted to see how the theories worked in practice.B. He discovered he had some natural ability in comedy.C. He worried about how other performers would find him.D. He got unpleasant experiences when performing a comedy.2.Ryan required the people on the comedy course to.A. copy their favorite performanceB. imagine other people s reactionsC. help themselves feel comfortableD. behave in a more playful manner3. What is the purpose of the joke mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. To discuss what humor brings about exactly.B. To give an example of another kind of humor.C. To prove the point about psychology of humor.D. To show why some people are funnier than others.4. What view does the author put forward in the end?A. Visual humor is what appeals to people most.B. What people find funny is often unpredictable.C. Theories explaining humor tend to be mistaken.D. Learning comic skills proves to be a difficult task.答案1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B[三]Dear child,Take a seat. Daddy has something to share with you. I would like us to have a heart-to-heart—even though, over the years, you have slowly broken mine. Oh shut up;you so have! If you go out and ask any mother or father out there, I guarantee they ll say the same thing:All children break their parents hearts. It s just what children do. In fact, it s what Daddy s own mother continues to remind him still, to this very day, every time they speak on the phone.In your baby years, you vomited(呕吐), pooped and peed all over me. In your teen years, you came home from parties and vomited red wine all over my already-dirty carpets. There was a time you experimented with drugs and all those things I hate. Where does the heartbreak end?Still, I want you to know you are loved, because various parenting magazines insist that s my responsibility to make you feel special and valued and so on. And of course Daddy loves you! Don t you see?And Daddy values you. Very much so. How could he not value you, when you, as a test-tube baby, cost so much to come into this world?Now you re old enough to hear the truth about parenting. And it s this:all kids annoy their parents. Like you, I started off adorable. Then I went through my weird-body-shape-and-acne years, lost all my cuteness, developed an attitude and never once did I apologize to my parents for stealing the best years of their lives. When you become a parent yourself, here are some parenting skills you might want to try that have been passed down from countless generations of angry Asians before me. Passive aggression is always welcome. Regular scream “I WISH YOU HAD NEVER BEEN BORN” w ill help keep your own kid s self-respect in check. But whatever happens, ensure you earn enough money in your adult life. Then give it to me, so I can go on expensive international tours. If you do this I promise I ll stop complaining and leave you alone, because we both know that s what we really want. Love you lots, Cutie-Pie.Daddy1.The letter is probably written to.A. a young adultB. a little babyC. a parentD. a grandparent2.The letter discusses all the topics EXCEPT.A. babyhoodB. teenage problemsC. parentingD. death3.According to the letter, the author.A. used to take drugsB. regrets getting marriedC. broke his parents heartsD.was born as a test-tube baby4. Why does the author write the letter?A. To ask his child to earn more money.B. To encourage his child to be independent.C. To communicate to his child love and hope.D. To stop his child from being a troublemaker.答案1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C[四]Four years ago, we asked ourselves: what if we could create a shopping experience with no waiting in line and no checkout? Or could we create a physical store where customers could simply take what they want and go? Our answer to those questions is Amazon Go, where you could experience the idea of “just walk out shopping”. Amazon Go is a new kind of store with no checkout required. We created the world s most advanced shopping technology, so you never have to wait in line. With our “just walk out shopping”experience, simply use the Amazon Go app to enter the store, take the products you want, and go! No lines, no checkout.Our checkout-free shopping experience is made possible by the same types of technologies used in self-driving cars: computer vision, sensor fusion, and deep learning. Our “just walk out technology” automatically detects when products are taken from or returned to the shelves and keeps track of them in your virtual cart. When you re done shopping, you can just leave the store. Shortly after, we ll charge your Amazon account and send you a receipt.We offer delicious ready-to-eat breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack options made fresh every day by our on-site chefs and favorite local kitchens and bakeries. Our selection of foodstuff ranges from bread and milk to cheeses and locally made chocolates. You ll find well-known brands we love, plus special finds we re excited to introduce to customers. For a quick home-cooked dinner, pick up one of our chef-designed Amazon Meal Kits, and you can make a meal for two in about 30 minutes.Our 1,800-square-foot shopping space is conveniently compact(紧凑的), so busy customers can get in and out fast. It is located at 2131,7th Ave, Seattle, WA, on the corner of 7th Avenue and Blanchard Street. All you need is an Amazon account, a supported smartphone, and the free Amazon Go app.Amazon Go is currently only open to Amazon employees in our testing program, and will be open to the public soon.1.From the passage, we can learn that Amazon Go.A.is a checkout-free storeB.sells all kinds of goodsC.is open to the publices unknown technologies2. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3?A. When Amazon Go charges.B. How Amazon Go works.C. Where Amazon Go lies.D. What Amazon Go sells.3.Customers pay for the products from Amazon Go by.A. paying cash at the counterB. walking out of the storeC. using their Amazon accountsD. scanning smartphones when leaving4.The main purpose of the passage is to.A. encourage people to shop onlineB. advise people to work for AmazonC. inform people of a new concept storeD. tell people the shopping experience答案1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C[五]The fight is on to get rid of air pollution in our cities. While the best solution in the long-term would be to ban fossil-fueled cars, that won t help the millions who are dying in the meantime, and so some high-tech solutions are now on the cards.In March 2016,ten London pigeons became famous. These pigeons were set free from Primrose Hill in north London, wearing backpacks monitoring air pollution. Once in the air, the backpacks sent live air-quality updates to the smartphones of the Londoners below.The pigeons and their backpacks were just the latest in a series of increasingly desperate attempts to monitor and control air pollution. London s air pollution problem has been getting worse for years, and it often rises to more than three times the European Union s legal limit.Another promising approach can be found in Beijing, after China declared a “waragainst pollution”in 2014.A seven-metre-high “Smog Free Tower”, designed by a Dutch scientist, Daan Roosegaarde, opened in Beijing s 751D•Park in September 2016.It is a huge, outdoor air purifier. Airborne particles(颗粒)are sucked into the tower where they receive a positive charge. The particles are then caught by a negatively charged dust-removal plate and clean air is blown out of the other end. “Changing smog p articles does not take much current,” Roosegaarde said.As for what to do with the collected PM waste, he has currently set up a business making jewellery out of the waste. Prince Charles owns a set of “smog free”cuff links(袖扣). If the waste is collected on a big scale, Roosegaarde believes it could even be used as a building material.Mexico City has an alternative solution. Looking to Nature to maximize the surface area of a building, Allison Dring, a Berlin-based architect, managed to catch light and wind from all sides. She is now making a building material by burning agricultural crop by-products in the absence of oxygen. “It means that you are actually taking carbon(碳)out of the sky, transforming it into a material, and then using it to build,”says Dring.The fight against outdoor air pollution is really just starting. Even if none of the ideas take off, at least Prince Charles cuff links, the special building surface and pigeons wearing backpacks will have brought the issue more to the public s attention.1.The ten pigeons in London were used to.A. monitor air pollutionB. warn LondonersC. update weather forecastD. promote backpacks2. What can we learn about the Smog Free Tower?A. Its power consumption is high.B.PM waste from it can be reused.C. It is built of agricultural by-products.D. It can attract light and wind from all sides.3. What s the best title for the passage?A. When can humans get rid of smog?B. Why is technology used to fight smog?C. How are the world s cities fighting smog?D. What makes smog a worldwide problem?答案1.A 2.B 3.C[六]The British love word-play and they re enthusiastic about defending the use of their language. In recent years, books about the grammar, pronunciation and punctuation(标点符号)of English have been written by the dozen, and sold extremely well, reflecting people s love of the English language. People want to defend the “correct”use of their language, but also to preserve its ability to evolve along with society. Lynne Truss s book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is an excellent exampleof these two opposite ideas. Its title shows the way that punctuation can change the meaning of a sentence. “Eats shoots and leaves”is a perfectly normal description of a panda s diet: he eats the shoots and leaves of bamboo trees. But the position of the comma(逗号)turns those nouns into verbs, and makes up a ridiculous little story:the panda eats(his dinner), he shoots(a gun), and he leaves(the building). It s a silly joke, but it shows how changing something as simple as a comma can change the entire meaning of a sentence.Published in 2003, Eats, Shoots & Leaves was an unexpectedly huge success. It is easy to assume the typical reader of this kind of book as the humourless type. However, the book has sold thousands and thousands of copies—it must be appealing to a wide range of people. The book s winning secret is this: it makes some serious points about language and punctuation, but also has a light-hearted dimension, and uses stories and jokes to show its points. It has invited some tough criticism, too, especially from the US. On a broader range, Eats, Shoots & Leaves has opened up a lot of public debate on Truss s ideas. Whether they agree with her or not, punctuation and grammar has become a popular topic to discuss.In every generation there will be people who think that the standard of language is in decline, and who are more than happy to write to the newspapers to express their concern and opinions. Truss s book also appeals to those who think that texting and blogging(博客)is lowering the standard of literacy. Whether the standard of the English language is decreasing, or simply evolving into new forms, the success of Eats, Shoots & Leaves proves that this is a subject that many English speakers find interesting and important.1.The title of the book Eats, Shoots & Leaves is a joke which shows.A. a funny feelingB. a trend in writingC. a grammatical pointD. a fact about animals2.The book has been successful because.A.it presents the new research on EnglishB.it solves a serious English language problemC.it shows the British like to teach English to other peopleD.it causes concern for proper use of language in a fun way3. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The English language was better in the past.B. The English language is being improved by technology.C. There is often dissatisfaction with the standard of English.D. There have always been debates on the use of punctuation.4. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Difference a Comma Made.B. The Problem Punctuation Created.C. Proper Understanding of Silly Jokes.D. Public Debate about Language Standards.答案1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A[七]Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains. “The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to.A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.答案1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C[八]It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn t know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris s eyes rolled back,”Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly.Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between l ife and death,”says Taylor.Taylor s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris s heartbeat returned.“I know I was really lucky,”Paris says now. “Most people don t survive this. My team saved my life.”Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I knowI can act under pressure in a scary situation.”1.What happened to Paris on a March day?A. She caught a bad cold.B. She had a sudden heart problem.C. She was knocked down by a ball.D. She shivered terribly during practice.2.Why does Paris say she was lucky?A. She made a worthy friend.B. She recovered from shock.C. She received immediate CPR.D. She came back on the softball team.3.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?A. Enthusiastic and kind.B. Courageous and calm.C. Cooperative and generous.D. Ambitious and professional.答案1.B 2.C 3.B[九]Hollywood s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.”However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A. help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.答案1.A 2.A 3.D 4.C[十]California Condor s Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North America s largest birds, with wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night, they just don t see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced,66% of set-free birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十九(19页答案含有解析)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十九[一]When Curie was10years old,in1878,her mother died of tuberculosis（结核病）.The Polish girl then known as Manya Sklodowska carried on with her schoolwork as if nothing had happened,but for months she'd find places to hide so she could cry her eyes out.At age18,she landed a job as governess（家庭教师）to a wealthy family near Warsaw.She ended up falling in love with Casimir Zorawski,an accomplished student of19with whom she shared a love of nature and science.But when Casimir announced that he and Manya wanted to marry,his father threatened to disinherit （剥夺……的继承权）him.Four years dragged by.Finally,Manya told Casimir, "If you cannot decide,I cannot decide for you."Marie and Pierre,whom she married in1895,did indeed work side by side late into the night.But their lab was so shabby and dank that their daughter Irene, at age three,called it"that sad,sad place."And one prominent scientist said that had he not seen the worktable,he would have thought he was in a stable （马厩）.Even before winning the Nobel,Pierre was severely ill from exposure to this fierce energy.He had open sores（溃疡）on his hands and fingers,and increasing difficulty walking.In1906,he fell into the path of a wagon drawn by two huge draft horses,and a wheel ran over his head.He died instantly.Marie was just38.The Sunday after the funeral,instead of staying with family and friends,she returned to the lab.In her diary she wrote Pierre:"I want to talk to you in the silence of this laboratory,where I did not think I could live without you."Later she went back to the Radium Institute she established,teaching, traveling and lecturing until her death,at age66,on July4,1934.1.When her mother died,Manya Sklodowska.A.felt as if nothing had happenedB.could not carry on with her schoolworkC.was very sadD.hid herself in an unknown place2.In1886all of the following happened to Manya EXCEPT.A.She worked as a governess.B.She fell in love with a young man with common interests.C.His father was against their marriage.D.She gave up the young man.3.Marie married at the age of.A.18B.19C.27D.384.After Pierre's death,Curie.A.often talked to him in the silence of the laboratory.B.couldn't live without him.C.left their lab for ever.D.went on with her work.5.It can be inferred from the passage that.A.Casimir didn't love Manya.B.Marie didn't love Pierre.C.Pierre didn't support Curie's work.D.Marie and Pierre loved each other deeply.参考答案：1.C从第一段最后一句话中可以看出，她为母亲的去世感到非常悲伤。

2019年中考语文说明文阅读10篇实战练习(带答案)

2019年中考语文说明文阅读10篇实战练习(名师精选全国中考真题+详细答案，建议下载练习)一、阅读《用AI 计算情绪》一文，回答1~3 题。

（每小题2 分，共6 分）用AI 计算情绪蒋虹霞①学习机能够从你的面部读出“困惑”，自动放慢教学进度；你的车能感知你的疲惫，强制停车或报警；甚至你的冰箱能够感知你的体重，“体贴”地自动上锁……②这些以前人们不敢想象的场景，如今正在逐渐成为现实。

Affectiva 是一家创立于 2009 年的美国创业公司，主要研究“情绪AI”，即通过捕捉人类的面部表情，来分析判断情感，并做出反馈。

该公司的核心技术是一个叫Affdex 的情感引擎。

③如何让冷冰冰的机器识别人类情绪？④Affdex利用计算机视觉和深度学习技术，观察分析人类面部表情的纹理、肌肉及其动态变化，总结出快乐、生气、伤心等情绪状态在面部表现出的差别，对眼睛、眉毛、嘴唇等面部特征点进行“编码”。

⑤用户只需要运行Affdex，摄像头里的白色边界框就会准确地锁定人类面部跟踪重要特征点，再把用户的面部表情与图像数据库进行比对，得出一份“情感得分”报告。

每一次的表情读取都会形成一个情感数据点。

⑥Affectiva 的联合创始人 Kaliouby 认为，“情绪能够帮助我们做出科学的决策”。

在Affdex 情绪识别技术的帮助下，广告商和品牌公司可以通过观察用户的面部表情来评估商品的销售情况、广告效果等，准确地找出他们的兴趣点，有针对性地调整策略。

⑦零售技术公司Cloverleaf 就把Affdex 情绪识别技术应用到门店的货架管理，来捕获用户互动数据，并进行情绪跟踪。

除了市场营销，Affdex 情绪识别技术也将被广泛地应用于视频、教育、医疗、游戏等各个行业。

⑧智能相机HubbleHugo，就安装了 Affdex。

该产品除了可以进行情绪识别外，还能够接受语音指令，对家中进行视频监控，甚至充当摄影师和视频记录员。

⑨随着搜集的数据越来越多，迄今为止，Affectiva 公司已经积累了来自 75 个国家的不同年龄、性别和种族的 570 多万张面孔，产生了超过 500 亿个情感数据点，建立了世界上最大的情感数据库。

2019年上海初三二模说明文分类汇编

2019年上海初三二模说明文分类汇编青花瓷是中国瓷器的代表之一，它不仅有着流光溢彩的外观造型美，还有其他两个值得一提的美。

其中之一就是兼收并蓄的绘画意境美。

青花瓷画继承了中国传统水墨画的表现技法，但又不拘泥于它的绘画程式，相反地善于灵活自如地运用多种笔法，形成刚柔并济、动静相宜、疏密相间的艺术效果。

在瓷器的器形上，青花瓷画能够表现出完全不同于宣纸上的那种色调明快、XXX相映的鲜明风格，给人以强烈的视觉冲击力和审美感受。

从形式上看，青花瓷画突破了宣纸等介质的束缚，在光滑有弧度的瓷胎上作画虽然增加了难度，但也赋予青花瓷器独特的艺术美力，表现出灵动率真的审美内涵。

青花瓷器上的水墨画画法精细，墨色层次鲜明、立体感强，达到“墨分五色”的高超境界，给人以疏朗清新、幽静雅致的艺术美感，令人倾心迷恋。

青花瓷画的内容丰富并提升了中国水墨画反映生活的广度，洋溢着浓郁的生活气息。

例如，传世民窑中最常见的青花“双喜纹罐”，图案简练活泼、风格清丽洒脱，那粗犷的“双喜”大字与茂密的缠枝花纹有其的融汇于一体，不仅给民间的婚嫁喜事增添了喜庆吉祥的色彩，也反映了普通百姓对幸福生活的无限憧憬和质朴淳厚的审美情趣。

青花瓷画还拓展了中国水墨画在揭示民族特性上的深度，表现出具有民族文化色彩的审美内涵，呈现出不同的意境。

例如，龙是中华民族的图腾，但是“龙”的形象在中国水墨画中较为少见，而与之形成鲜明反差的是，“龙”的矫健身姿与丰满形象却在青花瓷画中屡见不鲜。

其中既有纹饰繁缛、工艺豪华精美，刻画出一种神秘庄严狞厉美的官窑青花龙纹瓷器；也有线条简朴、手法夸张奔放，刻画出一种随和亲切平易美的民窑青花龙纹瓷器。

青花瓷画注重细节、突出特色、挖掘内涵，因此青花瓷千百年来长盛不衰，具有独特的审美价值。

其二为秀外慧中的人文精神美，和我国传统诗词、书画等许多艺术一样，青花瓷器具有鲜明的民族特色和深厚的文化底蕴。

历代能工巧匠将渊远流长的中华民族性格和民族感情，自觉的融入青花瓷器的外观造型与图案绘画中，寄寓了中华民族最传统的审美观念与审美情怀。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二(20页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之二[一]This is a time of year when high school students and their families are thinking hard about college. As seniors, juniors, and parents identify their top choices, discussions typically focus on the college itself. Is the institution small or large? How strong are the academics? What is the social life like? Do I like the campus? Such considerations are important, but they can cover the all-important question: Where will these college years lead?Applicants should think seriously about which college on their list can best prepare them for the real world. They should look for campuses that offer well-structured programs to help them form a direction for their lives and develop the capacity to take steps along that path.One of the most striking recent phenomena about college graduates in America has been the “boomerang” student: the young person who goes away to college, has a great experience, graduates, and then moves back home for a year or two to figure out what to do with his or her life. This pattern has left many graduates—and their families—wondering whether it makes sense to spend four or more years at college, often at great expense, and finish with no clear sense of who they are or what they want to do next. The trend points to one of the great shortcomings of many of our nation’s leading colleges and universities. Structured opportunities to think about life after graduation are rare. The formal curriculum focuses almost universally on the academic disciplines of the arts and sciences. Advising on how various majors connect to pathways into the workplace is typically haphazard(没有条理的). Career planning offices are often shorthanded and marginal(不重要的)to college life.It doesn’t need to be this way, and in recent years some of the country’s top colleges have enriched their academic offerings with opportunities for students to gain real-world experiences.8. According to the author, what do typical discussions on college choices ignore?A. The function of college education in employment.B. The difficulty in finding jobs after graduation.C. High school students’ interests.D. The academics of college.9. Which accounts for the “trend” mentioned in the fourt h paragraph?A. Students failing to behave themselves.B. Parents overprotecting their children.C. Students choosing majors blindly.D. Schools lacking proper guidance.10. What will be probably discussed in the following paragraph?A. Recipes for academic achievements.B. Good academic programs in college.C. Academic tips for college students.D. Disadvantages of present college courses.11. What’s the best title for the text?A. A good way to choose a collegeB. A new trend in top collegesC. Connect subjects with life beyond collegeD. Make college one of life’s richest experience【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. A【解析】文章主要讲述了在选择大学时需要考虑很多方面如：哪一所大学能让他们更好地为现实世界做准备，应该寻找能提供良好结构的项目的校园，帮助他们形成生活的方向，培养他们沿着这条路走的能力。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十四(17页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之三十四[一]Electronic devices can seem like a “third party" in some relationships because some partners spend more time on them than with each other.When Amanda Gao, a 26-year-old white-collar worker in Beijing, went to a hotpot restaurant with her boyfriend on Friday night several weeks ago, she expected that they would have a good time together. To her disappointment, however, it did not turn out that way later. As soon as they were led to their seats and she began to order dishes, he buried himself in his mobile phone“It seemed that his phone was making its way between us. A date that should have belonged to us turned into one where my boyfriend dated a third party and I felt left out. " Gao said. some people, like her, have found that electronics have been sabotaging(破坏) their romantic relationships.A study, published in the journal Psychology of Popular Media Culture in April 2017, questioned nearly 200 college aged adults who were in committed relationships to report on their and their partner’s smartphone dependency. The results showed people who were more dependent on their phones were less sure about their relationships, and people who considered their partners excessively (过度地) dependent on their devices were less satisfied in their relationship.Lin Yuan, a relationship advisor in Beijing, noted that as more and more electronics come out and spice up people’s lives, they are at the same time becoming a third party in relationships, especially for young people.Lin said she knew of some people who suggest that electronics should be kept out of bedrooms, which she considered challenging and hard to be putinto practice for most couples. She recommended that if people are feeling neglected in their relationship, they need to respectfully let theirpartners know their feeling. “Communication is always the best and themost efficient way,” she said.28. What is Gao’s feeling when entering the restaurant with her boyfriend?A. DisappointedB. ExpectantC. AnnoyedD. Uneasy29. Which of the following may Lin Yuan agree with?A. Gao’s boyfriend is addicted to playing gamesB. Most couples can keep electronics out of bedroomsC. Partners should communicate more to understand each other betterD. Couples should stop using electronics to avoid the problem mentionedabove30. Why was the case of Amanda Gao mentioned?A. To explain who the “third party” isB. To stress the importance of electronic devicesC. To encourage advisors to talk about the caseD. To introduce the phenomena of excessively depending on electronics31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Are devices killing romance?B. How to beat smartphoneC. The romantic story of Miss GaoD. The relationship between man and smart phone参考答案：28-31 BCDA[二]You might make a disgusted face when you notice that the person waitingin their car at the red light next to you is picking their nose, but admitit, you do it too. And while it might be the natural option when thereisn't a box of tissues around, it can be bad for you. The main reasons people feel the need to pick their nose is to clear it of dried liquid, stop an itch（痒）,or just because it feels good. Boogers（鼻屎）form when dried liquid and cilia,the tiny hairs that line the nostrils（鼻孔）,trap the dust, dirt, and other things. When boogers build up in your nose, it can be uncomfortable, and sometimes just blowing into a tissue（纸巾）doesn't do the trick.Otolaryngologist Erich P. Voigt, MD, told Business Insider that picking your nose can cause injuries and bleeding within your nostrils. That's not terribly damaging, but when the bacteria from your hands get into your body, it can cause a cold and flu. So doctors strongly suggest not picking the nose.If dry winter air is causing the dirty liquid to harden in your nostrils, making you want to pick, consider damping the air at home, or taking a steam shower to soften things up in there.Children, who are most famous for having a finger up their nose, sometimes don't realize how much injury they're causing, and sometimes it. can lead to nose bleeds.So, next time you go to pick your nose, think about how many bacteria are on your hands and in your boogers, and maybe reach for a tissue instead. Even if you 're alone, and not waiting for the light to turn green, please,use a tissue.32. Why do people pick their nose?A. Because they want to disgust others.B. Because they have the need to do it.C. Because they have nothing else to do.D. Because they don't have tissues around.33.Which of the following can replace the underlined part " do the trick" in Paragraph 1?A. actB. stopC. playD. help34. Which can help people avoid a cold and flu according to the text?A. Stopping nose picking.B. Using tissues regularly.C. Taking a shower every day.D. Keeping the air wet at home.35. What should you do when you have to pick your nose?A. Be careful not to cause bleeding.B. Use a tissue instead of bare fingers.C. Wait for the light to turn red if you are driving.D. Wash up your hands and clear your fingernails.参考答案：32-35 BDAB[三]There are thousands of products of all colors and shapes in a supermarket, making you believe that they are worth a try. How? Packaging is the silent but persuading salesman .There on the shelves, each bottle, can, box, and jar has been carefully designed and measured to speak to the inner self of the consumer, so that his buying not only a product but also his belief in life. Scientists have studied consumer behavior recently and found that the look of the package has a great effect on the “quality” of the product and on how well it sells, because “Consumers generally cannot tell between a product and its package. Many products are packages and many packages are products,” as Louis Ches kin, the first social scientist studying consumers’ feeling for packaging, noticed.Colors are one of the best tools in packaging. Studies of eye movement have shown that colors draw human attention quickly. Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word“green” today can keep food prices going up.Shapes are another attraction. Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are pleasing to both the eye and the heart. That’s why the round yellow M signs of McDonald’s are inviting to both young and old.This new consumer response (反应) to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people buy to satisfy both body and soul.21. A ccording to the passage, ________ seems to be able to persuade aconsumer to buy the product.A. the pleasing color of the packageB. the special taste of theproductC. the strange shape of the packageD. the belief in the product22. If a package or a product is round in shape, it can ________.A. bring excitement to the consumersB. attract the consumers’ attentionC. catch the eye movement of the consumersD. produce a happy and peaceful feeling23. “And the word ‘green’ today can keep food prices going up.” This sentence suggests that consumers today are ________.A. starting to notice the importance of new foodB. enjoying the beauty of nature more than beforeC. beginning to like green vegetablesD. paying more attention to their health24. It can be inferred from the passage that V8 is a kind of ________.A. vegetable dishB. healthy juiceC. iced drinkD. red vegetable参考答案：21-24 ADDB[四]Have you ever been to the world's smallest bookstore?The World's Smallest Bookstore，whose official name is just these three words，sits quietly about 100 miles northeast of Toronto.The bookstore is about 10 feet by 10 feet，so it is easy to imagine how tiny it really is .The bookstore is open 24 hours a day .Inside the bookstore are various books，especially literary books and classic authors' works .So if you are looking for something less popular，you may get a bit disappointed there.Another special feature of this bookstore is that each book only costs three dollars .All the expenses are paid on the honor system，which means buyers should make a note of what they've bought and leave their money by themselves .So the tools of the trade in this bookstore are quite simple: pens，papers，light bulbs and a label－maker.In order to catch passers－by's attention，the billboards(广告牌)of the bookstore are several times bigger than the store itself .With these large eye－catchers，many people are willing to stop by and have a visit.24．What's the passage mainly about?___A．The world's smallest bookstore.B．A strange way of selling books.C．The popular books nowadays.D．The popular bookstores in the world.25．When can you buy a book in the store?___A．In the morning.B．In the afternoon.C．At night.D．At any time of the day.26．Which of the following books might you most probably get in the store?___A．Books on popular science.B．Literary books.C．The year book of a university.D．Books on economic control.27．How does the store attract readers' attention?___A． By putting up a huge billboard.B． By making ads on TV.C． By broadcasting loud music.D． By handing out ads in the street.参考答案：24-25 ADBA文章大意：本文介绍了世界上最小的书店。

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十三(21页word版)

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十三[一]Today’s modern life discourages people from taking time to prepare their own meals.Eating in the car and grabbing a quick bite in a restaurant are ever more popular ways of dining.It takes a little extra effort and time to cook your own food，but it’s a worthwhile pursuit(追求)that can benefit your health，wallet and family.People across the country are waking up to the fact that the food offered by most fast food restaurants isn’t particularly healthy.While these restaurants have made attempts lately to add healthier meals to their menus，it’s still a far cry from a dish cooked with fresh ingredients(配料) and personal care.Nutritionists who study what is called “the French paradox”—meaning the fact that French people have low obesity rates despite their diet containing lots of “unhealthy” ingredients such as butter—partially account for this circumstance by the fact that many French people use fresh ingredients.Taking time to eat at a leisurely pace also helps you get better nutrition and you are less likely to pack on the pounds.Even a quick meal will usually cost at least five dollars per person at a pare this to the amount of pasta，vegetables or meat available for the same money at your home，and it quickly becomes apparent that the cost of eating out adds up.Experimenting with new ingredients or foreign recipes will encourage children to try new foods and learn about dishes from around the world.Many couples also find that preparing a meal together can be a romantic experience equal to dinner in a classy restaurant.Make sure to spend meal times talking and sharing events from the day and you may find it’s a great way to get to know your family better.语篇解读本文是说明文，主要讲述的是在家做饭的一些好处。

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2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之七[一]LOS ANGELES, Nov. 12 (Xinhua)—Legendary comic book writer Stan Lee has died at the age of 95, according to media reports on Monday.Lee, born in Stanley Lieber on Dec. 28, 1922, began his career in 1939 and joined the Marvel Comics in 1961.He is considered as one of the most legendary names in the history of comic books and the leading creative force behind the rise of Marvel Comics. He co-created iconic fictional characters such as Spider-Man, X-Men, the Avengers, and many more.Lee’s characters often have super powers, but they also have weaknesses. They were humans, not gods. They not only struggled to save the world, but also to pay their bills, make friends, and hold jobs. This made Marvel comic book heroes stand apart from its competitor DC, which produced the seemingly perfect heroes like Superman and Wonder Woman. Those superheroes have been adapted into blockbuster films, most of which were made after Disney acquired Marvel in a 4-billion-dollar deal in 2009.In a statement, Bob Iger, chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company said Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created.Marvel also praised Lee on its website by putting on one of Lee’s famous quotes, which goes, “I used to be embarrassed because I was just a comic-book writer while other people were building bridges or going on to medical careers. And then I began to realize: entertainment is one of the most important things in people’s lives. Without it, they might go off the deep end. I feel that if you’re able to entertain, you’re doing a good thing. ”Praise from his Hollywood peers and colleagues was generous. President of Marvel Studios Kevin Feige appreciated Lee’s unparalleled impact on the industry. “No one has had more of an impact on my career than Stan Lee, ” Feige said. “Our thoughts are with his family and the millions of fans who have been forever touched by Stan’s genius, charisma and heart. ”28. How do Lee’s characters differ from those of DC?A. They are perfect heroes.B. They often have super powers.C. They are not humans, but gods.D. They have human shortcomings.29. We can learn from Lee’s statement in Paragraph 6 that ________.A. it is embarrassing to be a comic-book writerB. a taste of entertainment is necessary in people’s livesC. entertainment is the most important thing in the worldD. you can do everything well if you are able to entertain30. According to the passage, we could know that ________.A. Lee influenced Kevin Feige’s career a lotB. Lee joined the Marvel Comics in his fortiesC. Lee created the fictional characters all by himselfD. The superheroes were adapted into films before Disney acquired Marvel31. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Comics Legend—the Marvels and DCB. The Superheroes in Stan Lee’s ComicsC. Marvel’s Comics Legend Stan Lee Dies at 95D. The Life Story of Marvel Comics Legend Stan Lee参考答案：28-31DBAC[二]Many science fiction stories tell about explorers arriving in a new world. The explorers then use some kind of high-tech device to test for breathable air or signs of life. But here on Earth, science fiction is becoming reality through a new sampling technology called environmental DNA, or eDNA for short. Scientists can use it to identify rare species or estimate fish populations with just a little air or water.Environmental DNA can be used in two ways. One is to identify the creatures that live in a certain place. The other is to confirm the presence or lack of a specific creature.Caren Goldberg is one of the first biologists to take the technology from the testing stage to actually using it. She sees eDNA as a way to get answers more efficiently and with less destruction compared to traditional survey techniques. Until recently, scientists depended on snorkeling ( 潜水), netting or using an electric current to temporarily catch fish.This newer way to identify what lives in the environment is becoming popular around the world. Animal experts in Vietnam are using the eDNA to find the last, wild Yangtze giant softshell turtles. One researcher on the Caribbean island of Trinidad is using the sampling technology to find endangered golden treefrogs. In Madagascar, it is being used to identify amphibian(两栖动物)diseases.Ms Goldberg has used eDNA testing to confirm the local extinction (灭绝) of a leopard frog in the American state of Idaho. She has also been asked to document the spread of the New Zealand mudsnail in the state of Washington. The creature has been found in lakes and other waterways across the state.Scientists working with the technology say they do not expect robots to replace field biologists anytime soon. But the old-fashioned field workcould soon be more targeted.32. Compared to traditional survey techniques, eDNA is more______.A. complexB. eco-friendlyC. dangerousD. convincing33. By using eDNA, Caren Goldberg has______.A. succeeded in catching many fishesB. found the existence of golden treefrogsC. documented the spread of softshell turtlesD. confirmed the disappearance of the leopard frog in Idaho34. What can we infer from the last paragraph ?A. Robots will replace scientists soon.B. Some scientists are against using eDNA.C .The old-fashioned field work may disappear.D. Many biologists are unwilling to do the field work.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Science Fiction Becomes Reality for Species SurveysB. Biologists Explore Space with the Help of eDNAC. Scientists Found Methods to Test for Signs of LifeD. New Technologies Are Presented in Science Fictions32-35: BDCA[三]When we talk about famous UK writer Agatha Christie, it seems that her famous detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple are must-reads. So, of course, are her best-selling novels Murder on the Orient Express (1934) and Death on the Nile (1937).But when the readers around the world were asked to name their favorite Christie novel to mark her 125th birthday on Sept 15, And Then There Were None (1939) topped the list, reported The Guardian.It may surprise you to learn that it is a crime novel without a detective. What it does have is suspense (n.悬念) and a very sinister (adj.邪恶的) atmosphere. It is “on a knife edge”, as Mathew Prichard, Christie’s grandson, told the newspaper.Ten people get an invitation to come to a house on a small island near Devon in South West England. Nobody refuses these invitations since each one promises something the person wants: a job, a holiday, a chance to meet up again with an old friend .These people are all responsible for deaths. Some are directly responsible, others are responsible because of what they did not do. Anthony James Marston, for instance, killed two children while driving dangerously. He did not feel guilty and actually complained when he was banned from driving. Another, Emily Caroline Brent, is a harsh person who threw out a young servant for becoming pregnant while unmarried. The servant later killed herself.When they arrive at the house they are played a recording. The voicegives details of the wrongdoing of each of the guests. Starting with Marston, each is killed in a way that fits their crime. The series of deaths is completed with a hanging, “and then there were none”, as the title suggests.Christie can be quite a predictable writer. Some of her stories are a little unoriginal. But this book is full of clever writing. Look it up to find out what this hugely successful mystery writer, the “Queen of Crime” as she was called, could do at her best.28. All of the following are Agatha Christie’s works EXCEPT ______.A. Queen of CrimeB. Death on the NileC. And Then There Were NoneD. Murder on the Orient Express29. What makes Then There Were None more astonishing ?A. The unique theme offered by Agatha Christie.B. The criminal plot without a detective.C. The attractive place shown in the novel.D. The varied characters created by Agatha Christie.30. According to the author, the title of the novel suggests that ______.A. no guests survive in the endB. no detectives appear in the novelC. there are no mysteries in the novelD. nobody is to blame for the deaths of the guests31. Which of following is TRUE about the novel And Then There Were None?A. All the people in the novel have killed someone before.B. Ten innocent people are killed on a small island.C. The people in the novel accept the invitations because of somethingthey are offered.D. A detective finds out who is responsible for the people’s deaths in the end.参考答案：28-31: ABAC[四]Dina Theissen, 47, found a baby bird near a tree in her garden when he was only a few hours old. When the baby bird's mother didn't show up, Dina, her husband Ken, and their daughter Alyssa, took him into their home and named him Gracie. The family spent days nursing the chick back to healthAn unbreakable bond(纽带) was developed through the endless hours Gracie and the family spent together. He needed to be fed every half an hour and they pretty much taught him how to be a bird. Ken and Dina would be running home from work to check on him and her daughter used to playwith him at the park after schoolAfter a month, when Gracie was confident enough to fly into the nearby trees, Dina and her family tried to set him free into the wild. When they let him go, they all cried. Nobody wanted him to go but he was a wild bird and that's the way it was meant to be.The next day he flew back for a visit. And he has returned to visit every day since then.Unbelievably, when Dina was diagnosed(诊断) with cancer in January 2016, Gracie began spending even more time in the family home. When she received chemotherapy and operation, the caring bird perched (栖息) on her shoulder and visited for longer periods of time. He started staying for longer and ending up bringing happiness to a situation where there was nothing to be happy about.Having Gracie there reminded her how brave he was going into the wild and made her have courage. "The experience of going through cancer for our family would have been completely different without Gracie. I never thought I would have this sort of bond with a bird " Said Dina.28. What is the best title of the passage?A. A bird cured a woman’s cancer.B. Man should live in peace with birds.C. Dina’s family nursed a b ird back to health.D. A bond developed between a bird and a family.29. Why did they set the bird free to the wild?A. Taking care of the bird caused them much trouble.B. The bird tried to go back to nature.C. They wanted to treat him in a natural way.D. Dina was too ill to look after him.30. How did Dina feel when the bird visited her in the hospital?A. Encouraged and surprised.B. Brave and embarrassed.C. Amused and comforted.D. Pitied and loved.31. Which word can best describe the bird?A. Grateful.B. Lovely.C. Careful.D. Helpful. 参考答案：28—31 DCAA[五]A voice-controlled robot designed to serve the elderly, iPal performed a song from a classic Chinese opera, amusing the crowd with its sweet voice and exaggerated(夸张的) gestures at the 2018 World Robot Conference in Beijing.The robot reacts to touch and voice, turning its head towards elderlyusers and offering simple conversations. Besides singing opera, it can give weather reports and remind users to take their medicine.“iPal is designed to meet the needs of the elderly, especially China's empty-nesters, as it can help to reduce their loneliness and make sure of their safety. The robot, for example, can send a live feed of its elderly users to their children or relatives. It can also send alerts(警报) if users are injured or someone is breaking into their home.” said Wang Wenping, marketing director of the robot's producer AvatarMind, a Nanjing-based robotics company."China's population is aging rapidly. However, senior care services are not sufficient to cover the growing demand. The elderly need to be cared for, and yet their children are often busy with work. This gives intelligent service robots a role to play in the future. We see a big market potential." Wang said.AvatarMind is among the many Chinese robotics companies that plan to step into the senior care market.Though senior care robots have gained attention at exhibitions and received some market recognition, Chinese robotics companies still face great challenges."Robots are only beginning to enter China's senior care market. It takes a lot of time and money to improve our products and attract new customers," said Wang Wenping. "We need to make progress in combining robotics with AI(人工智能）and big data to make our robots smarter."But Wang added that robots can help entertain and look after the elderly who live alone, but care from family is what really matters.32. What can we learn about iPal?A. It can fully meet the needs of the elderly.B. It is the best robot to serve the elderly.C. It can serve the elderly in many ways.D. It is very popular among the elderly.33. Which is closest to the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 4?A. Enough.B. Popular.C. Intelligent.D. Patient.34. What is the main challenge AvatarMind is faced with?A. Its robots are not accepted by the elderly at all.B. The prices of robots are still too high.C. There is a long way to go to perfect their robots.D. There is too much foreign competition in the market.35. What is the most important to the elderly according to Wang Wenping?A. Making the robots smart enough.B. Family care for the elderly.C. Making the robots attractive.D. Combining robots with AI and big data.参考答案：32—35 CACB[六]LOS ANGELES, Nov. 12 (Xinhua)—Legendary comic book writer Stan Lee has died at the age of 95, according to media reports on Monday.Lee, born in Stanley Lieber on Dec. 28, 1922, began his career in 1939 and joined the Marvel Comics in 1961.He is considered as one of the most legendary names in the history of comic books and the leading creative force behind the rise of Marvel Comics. He co-created iconic fictional characters such as Spider-Man, X-Men, the Avengers, and many more.Lee’s characters often have super powers, but they also have weaknesses. They were humans, not gods. They not only struggled to save the world, but also to pay their bills, make friends, and hold jobs. This made Marvel comic book heroes stand apart from its competitor DC, which produced the seemingly perfect heroes like Superman and Wonder Woman. Those superheroes have been adapted into blockbuster films, most of which were made after Disney acquired Marvel in a 4-billion-dollar deal in 2009.In a statement, Bob Iger, chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company said Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created.Marvel also praised Lee on its website by putting on one of Lee’s famous quotes, which goes, “I used to be embarrassed because I was just a comic-book writer while other people were building bridges or going on to medical careers. And then I began to realize: entertainment is one of the most important things in people’s lives. Without it, they might go off the deep end. I feel that if you’re able to entertain, you’re doing a good thing. ”Praise from his Hollywood peers and colleagues was generous. President of Marvel Studios Kevin Feige appreciated Lee’s unparalleled impact on the industry. “No one has had more of an impact on my career than Stan Lee, ” Feige said. “Our thoughts are with his family and the millions of fans who have been forever touched by Stan’s genius, charisma and heart. ”28. How do Lee’s characters differ from those of DC?A. They are perfect heroes.B. They often have super powers.C. They are not humans, but gods.D. They have human shortcomings.29. We can learn from Lee’s statement in Paragraph 6 that ________.A. it is embarrassing to be a comic-book writerB. a taste of entertainment is necessary in people’s livesC. entertainment is the most important thing in the worldD. you can do everything well if you are able to entertain30. According to the passage, we could know that ________.A. Lee influenced Kevin Feige’s career a lotB. Lee joined the Marvel Comics in his fortiesC. Lee created the fictional characters all by himselfD. The superheroes were adapted into films before Disney acquired Marvel31. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Comics Legend—the Marvels and DCB. The Superheroes in Stan Lee’s ComicsC. Marvel’s Comics Legend Stan Lee Dies at 95D. The Life Story of Marvel Comics Legend Stan Lee参考答案：28-31DBAC[七]A pretty face is never forgotten. Do you believe so? But maybe it is untrue! Psychologists believe beautiful people are less likely to be recognized. A new study suggests that attractiveness can actually prevent the recognition of faces, unless a pretty face has particularly distinctive features, such as Angelina Jolie’s.German psychologists think the recognition of pretty faces is distorted (扭曲) by emotions. Researchers Holger Wiese, Carolin Altmann and Stefan Schweinberger at the University of Jena, Germany, discovered in a study that photos of unattractive people were more easily remembered than pretty ones when they showed them to a group of people.For the study, which was published in science magazine Neuropsychologia, the psychologists showed photos of faces to test subjects. Half of the faces were considered to be more attractive and the other half as less attractive, but all of them were being thought of as similarly distinctive looking. The test subjects were shown the faces for just a few seconds to memorize them and were shown them again during the test so that they could decide if they recognized them or not.The researchers were surprised by the result. “Until now we assumed that it was generally easier to memorize faces which are being considered as attractive, just because we prefer looking at beautiful faces,” Dr. Wiese said. But the study showed that such a connection cannot be easily proven. He assumes that remembering pretty faces is distorted by emotional influences, which enhance the sense of recognition at a later time. The researchers’ idea is backed up by evidence from EEG-recordings (脑电图记录) they used during their experiment which show the brains’electric activity.The study also revealed that in the case of attractive faces, considerably more false positive results were detected. In other words, people thought they recognized a face without having seen it before. “We obviously tend to believe that we recognize a face just because we find it attractive.” Dr. Wiese said.32. What do we know about the photos from Paragraph 3?A. They were all of pretty faces.B. They were selected at random.C. They were not distinctive at all.D. They were showed twice to the test subjects.33. What does the underlined phrase “false positive results” in the last paragraph mean?A. People actually only recognize few pretty faces.B. People recognize more ugly faces than pretty ones.C. People claim to recognize a face they have never seen.D. People recognize fewer faces than they have thought.34. What can be inferred from the new study?A. People are reluctant to recognize ugly faces.B. Beautiful people are particularly distinctive.C. Attractiveness prevents the recognition of faces.D. Attractive faces are always easy to be recognized.35. Which word can show the author’s attitude towards the findings of the research?A. Doubtful.B. Disapproving.C. Favorable.D. Objective.参考答案：32-35DCAD[八]How old is too old to go trick-or-treating? Chesapeake of Virginia says the answer to that question is anyone over the age of 12.City officials recently announced that doorbell-ringing candy seekers over the age of 12 could face a charge, up to six months in jail, and $25 to $100 fines. They're far from alone. Meridian of Mississippi, Bishopville of South Carolina, and Boonsboro of Maryland, also have set the age at 12. The phenomenon isn't limited to the US: In 2017, Bathurst, a town in Canada, banned anyone older than 16.Officials say they won't be actively looking to catch teenage trick-or-treaters in the act. The age limits are part of a broader push to limit pranks and tricks. Some parents think that preventing older kids from participating in Halloween traditions will have the opposite effect.A Facebook post last year argued that all kids, regardless of age, should be allowed to take part in trick-or-treating. It was shared more than 4,000 times, with close to 700 comments.Some parents argued that kids shouldn't be spoiled. Others argued that even older kids should be encouraged to take part in it in the sense of wonder and excitement, and most said they were willing to give candy to whoever dressed up. That seems consistent with the scientific studies that play is essential to help children develop into healthy, well-adapted people, and that play encourages kids to develop collaboration and creativity.Given how over-scheduled, anxious, and unhappy today's teens are, maybe a little Halloween magic is exactly in order.24. How many American cities that have set the limit of going trick-or-treating are mentioned?A. One city.B. Two cities.C. Three cities.D. Four cities.25. Why did the officials decide to prevent teens from going trick-or-treating?A. Because the teens are too old to go trick-or-treating..B. Because it is thought that the teens will do something harmful.C. Because some parents are afraid that kids can be spoiled.D. Because that seems consistent with the scientific studies.26. What may most people agree with according to the passage?A. All people should take part in the Halloween traditional activities.B. Halloween tradition is no longer as attractive as before.C. It's not a good idea to limit the age of going trick-or treating.D. Play is necessary to help children develop into healthy and well-adapted people.27. What is the author's attitude towards the age limit of going trick-or-treating?A. disapprovingB. objectiveC. favorableD. indifferent 参考答案：24-27 DBCA[九]There is an ancient Chinese story about a giant man named Kua Fu who chases the sun. He drains (喝干) the Yellow and Wei rivers during his race and finally dies of dehydration(脱水). His failure has reminded people of the unstoppable power of the sun for centuries. And yet, scientiststhroughout history have tried to better understand the most important star in our sky. On Aug 12, 2018, NASA launched the Parker Solar Probe(探测器), marking the start of its trip to the sun.The probe itself is almost as big as a car and needed the help of a powerful rocket to escape Earth's orbit, change direction and reach the sun. In order to reach the sun, the probe must complete seven flight of Venus, using the power of the planet's gravity to change its path, sending it toward the sun. But that's not the only difficult part of the journey. As the probe approaches the sun's corona(日冕), it will have to bear temperatures reaching 1,400 C, as well as deal with serious radiation. So how will the probe survive?According to NASA, a special shield (保护罩) has been used, which is a special 11.5 cm-thick carbon-composite shield that will be positioned between the probe and the sun's corona. Its advanced technology like this will make the probe's trip to the sun much smoother. If everything goes as planned, the probe will reach a speed of 692,018 kilometers per hour as it orbits the sun, setting a new record for the fastest man-made object in history, NBC noted. It will fly close to the sun 24 times between 2018 and 2025, NBC added.The "mission to touch the sun" will "not only make history by answering questions that have puzzled scientists for decades, but it may also lead to the discovery of new phenomena that are completely unknown to us now," Raouafi told Discovery Magazine. "This mission has the potential to push solar research into a new direction," he added.28. What does "it" underlined in paragraph 2 refer to?A. A powerful rocket.B. The probe.C. Venus.D. The planet's gravity.29. What do we know about the Parker Solar Probe?A. It’s the fastest probe ever designed.B. It has an 11.5-inch-thick shield.C. It was designed to carry a powerful rocket.D. It’s twice the size of a car.30. The probe will meet the challenges except ________.A. the route to the sunB. the heat near the sunC. the distance to the sunD. the radiation from the sun31. What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph?A. To stress the importance of advanced technology.B. To prove the mission is the greatest move in human history.C. To suggest there is a long way to go in solar exploration.D. To show the mission will fill a gap in solar research.参考答案：28-31 BACD[十]An excellent way to kill a conversation is to say you are a mathematician. Tell others you are also a musician, however, and they will be hooked. Although there are obvious similarities between mathematical and musical activity, there is no direct evidence for the kind of magical connection many people seem to believe in.I’m partly referring here to the “Mozart effect”, where children who have been playing Mozart compositions are supposedly more intelligent, including at maths, than other children. It is not hard to see why such a theory would be popular: we would all like to become better at maths without putting in any effort. But the conclusions of the experiment that expressed the belief in the Mozart effect were much more modest. If you want your brain to work better, you clearly have to put in hard work. As for learning to play the piano, it also takes effort.Surely a connection is quite reasonable. Both maths and music deal with abstract structures, so if you become good at one, then it is likely that you become good at something more general that helps you with the other. If this is correct, it would show a connection between mathematical and musical ability. It would be more like the connection between abilities at football and tennis. To become better at one, you need to improve your fitness and coordination (协调). That makes you better at sport and probably helps with the other.Abstract structures don’t exist only in maths and music. If you learn a language then you need to understand its abstract structures like grammar. Yet we don’t hear people asking about a connection between mathematical and linguistic (语言的) ability. Maybe this is because grammar feels mathematical, so it wouldn’t be surprising that mathematicians were better at learning grammar. Music, however, is strongly tied up with feelings and can be enjoyed even by people who know little about it. As such, it seems different from maths, so there wouldn’t be any connection between the two.Let’s see how we solve problems of the “A is to B as C is to D”kind. These appear in intelligence tests but they are also important to both music and maths. Consider the opening of Mozart’s Eine Kleine Nachtmusik (小夜曲).The second phrase (小节) is a clear answer to the first. The listener thinks: “The first phrase goes upward and uses the notes of a G major chord (和弦); what would be the corresponding phrase that goes downward and uses the notes of a D7?” Music is full of puzzles like this. If you are good at them, expectations will constantly be set up in your mind. The best moments surprise you by being unexpected, but we need the expectations in the first place.32. What does the author say about “Mozart effect”？A. The goal of it was not carefully thought about.B. The findings from it gave people wrong information.C. The interest people showed in it was unexpected.D. The way it was carried out proved to be ineffective.33. The author mentioned football and tennis in Paragraph 3 to show that ______.A. football and tennis are played in a similar way.B. certain skills may be developed through practice.C. music and maths have something in common.D. abstract structures bring benefits to various fields.34. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that ______.A. language seems more like maths than music does.B. language is less appealing to learners.C. mathematicians are good at music learning.D. the structure of language is easier to learn than that of music.35. What does the writer intend to state in the last paragraph?A. How music differs from maths.B. Why musicians possess mathematical abilities.C. Why Mozart is so highly considered by mathematicians.D. How abstract thinking applies to both music and maths.参考答案：32-35 BCAD。