unit4 grammar 虚拟语气

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虚拟语气grammar

虚拟语气grammar

虚拟语气

一,三种语气简介

语气是表示讲话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。1,陈述语气

表示谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的,也就是说把动作或状态当做事实表达出来,或提供一种看法。例如:

Flowers blossom in spring. 春暖花开

The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind. 秋风中黄叶纷飞

It’s probably going to snow tomorrow. 明天可能要下雪了。(看法)

2,祈使语气

表示号召,命令,请求,劝告,警告,禁止等。例如:

Let us help you. 我们来帮助你吧

Keep off the grass. 勿踏草坪

3,虚拟语气

把动作当做一种只存在于讲话人想象中的“假设”或“推测”,而不是当做客观现实中的真实事件。它表达的是怀疑,忧虑,推测,假设,想象或祝愿等。例如:

I wish I were a white cloud. 但愿我是一片云

Mother told me to put on my sweater lest I should catch cold. 妈妈要我穿上毛衣,以免着凉。

Not to be moved by the sight would require a heart of stone. 除非铁石心肠,谁都会被那情景所感动。

二、虚拟语气在条件句中的运用。

英语中的条件句一般有两种:真实条件句与非真实条件句,虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中。非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句,推测条件句和错综时间条件句等。

人教版 初中英语九年级教案 之 unit4 + 虚拟语气

人教版 初中英语九年级教案 之 unit4 + 虚拟语气

Unit 4 What would you do?

在本单元内我们要完成以下学习任务:

1.学习表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的结构。

2.学习谈论一些假设的、虚拟的情况。

3.学习使用虚拟语气提出建议。

一、重难点提示

1.What would you do if you had a lot of money?

如果你有很多钱你将做什么?

这是一个与现在事实相反的假设,用的是虚拟语气。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在本单元中出现的是虚拟语气中的一种:表示与现在事实相反的一种假设,与if引导的条件状语从句一起使用。

结构:条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去式(动词be多用were),主句中的动词用would+动词原形。

e.g. —What would you do if you had a million dollars?

假如你有一百万美元你将干什么?

—If I had a million dollars, I’d buy a plane and travel around the world.

我将买一架飞机并周游世界。

e.g. If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie.

如果我是你,我会穿衬衣打领带。

I’d=I would

2.What if everybody else is wearing jeans and T-shirts?

如果别人都穿牛仔裤、T恤衫怎么办呢?

what if的用法:

(1)如果……怎么办?

grammar(虚拟语气)

grammar(虚拟语气)

If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress. 含义: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。
条件 If 从句的谓语形 从句 式 主句的谓语形式 would/could/should/ might +V (原) would/could/should/ might+have+p.p.
现在
过去
V. + ed (were) had done
1.V.+ ed. would/could/should 未来 2. should+ V.(原) /might +V. (原) 3. were to do
She talks about Rome as though she had been there herself.
他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。 He treats me as if I were a stranger. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. 注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那 么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈 述语气。

Grammar (虚拟语气)

Grammar (虚拟语气)

注意:由“so that”引导的结果状语从句,不用 虚拟语气
e.g.: They made so loud noise that it had bad effect on us.
(四) 在宾语从句中 四
V过去式 过去式/were 过去式
1) Wish
Had + V Could/should/could/might + V
语气——虚拟语气 虚拟语气 语气
教学安排
语气的概述以及种类 虚拟语气在非真实条件句,让步、目的 状语从句,主语从句,宾语从句,定语 从句,表语从句,感叹句以及简单句中 的应用 练习 作业
语气概述及种类
概念 种类:陈述,祈使和虚拟语气 陈述:表示事实 祈使:发出命令或请求 (please,don’t,be,let’s,let us,do)
e.g.:I wish it were spring all year round. :
注意:宾语从句用何种形式应该有从句自身决定,不能由wish 注意:宾语从句用何种形式应该有从句自身决定,不能由wish 的时态决定 2) e.g.:the, commander, order,should)staypropose, a ) 在insist, , , suggest, in bed for , , doctor ordered that she ( : )

2020新译林版高中英语选修第一册unit4grammar integratedskills课文翻译

2020新译林版高中英语选修第一册unit4grammar integratedskills课文翻译

Unit4 Fun with science

Grammar and composition p48

Subjunctive mood (I): Other cases

A Exploring the rules

Below is a story from a popular science magazine about Wilson Bentley, the "Snowflake Man" Find the sentences in the story that use the subjunctive mood and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you.下面是一个关于威尔逊·本特利的故事,“雪花男”找到故事中使用虚拟语气的句子,然后填入下面的方框。第一个已经为你做好了。

We might all know the saying "no two snowflakes are alike", but how many of us have heard of the "Snowflake Man", Wilson Bentley, the person who actually made this discovery? It is important that he be remembered for revolutionizing our understanding of these amazing crystal structures.

unit4 grammar 虚拟语气 use

unit4 grammar 虚拟语气 use

他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作(sendto)。 We suggested that Tom have a rest. He insisted that I (should )be present.
The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.
虚拟语气特殊句型: 现在: did(were) 1.wish/if only 过去:had done 未来: would do 1.I wish I were a bird.(现在)
2.I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.(过去) 3.We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. (将来)
should were to did should (would could, might)
虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点: 1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句 所假设的谓语动词不一致,叫做错综条件 虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照 假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.

虚拟语气Grammar

虚拟语气Grammar
虚拟语气在同位语从句中及表语从句中的运用suggestionorderrequestproposal等名词的同位语从句及此类名词作主语时后面所接的表语从句要用同上的虚拟语气should动词原形
Grammar
Subjunctive Mood (I) 虚拟语气
一. 语气的分类
英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈述语气 祈使语气和 英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气 陈述语气,祈使语气和 陈述语气 虚拟语气.不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示 不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。 虚拟语气 不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。 1.陈述语气 陈述语气(The indicative Mood)用来陈述一个事实 或提出 用来陈述一个事实,或提出 陈述语气 用来陈述一个事实 一种看法,有肯定 否定,疑问或感叹等形式。 有肯定, 一种看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式。 I am not interested in what you said. Have you ever been to France? What a splendid palace! 2.祈使语气 祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求,邀请, 用来表示请求, 祈使语气 用来表示请求 邀请, 命令,警告或劝告等. 命令,警告或劝告等 Let’s have a talk. Don’t jump in the queue.

人教版初中英语九年级教案之unit4虚拟语气

人教版初中英语九年级教案之unit4虚拟语气

Unit 4 What would you do?

在本单元内我们要完成以下学习任务:

1.学习表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的结构。

2.学习谈论一些假设的、虚拟的情况。

3.学习使用虚拟语气提出建议。

一、重难点提示

1.What would you do if you had a lot of money?

如果你有很多钱你将做什么?

这是一个与现在事实相反的假设,用的是虚拟语气。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议,而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。在本单元中出现的是虚拟语气中的一种:表示与现在事实相反的一种假设,与if引导的条件状语从句一起使用。

结构:条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去式(动词be多用were),主句中的动词用would+动词原形。

e.g. —What would you do if you had a million dollars?

假如你有一百万美元你将干什么?

—If I had a million dollars, I’d buy a plane and travel around the world.

我将买一架飞机并周游世界。

e.g. If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie.

如果我是你,我会穿衬衣打领带。

I’d=I would

2.What if everybody else is wearing jeans and T-shirts?

如果别人都穿牛仔裤、T恤衫怎么办呢?

what if的用法:

(1)如果……怎么办?

同步译林英语选修六新突破讲义:Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ) Word版含答案

同步译林英语选修六新突破讲义:Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ) Word版含答案

Section ⅢGrammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)

一、错综时间条件句(混合条件句)

当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had followed my advice just now,you would be better now.

如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。

If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.

如果他今天有空的话,我们就派他去北京了。

[即时训练1]用所给词的适当形式填空

①If you had studied (study)hard before,you would be (be)a college student now.

②If you hadn't lost the map,we would be (be)back in the hotel now.

二、含蓄虚拟条件句

有时虚拟的条件不通过条件从句表达出来,而是暗含在单词、短语或上下文中,这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断此时需要采用的形式。常用词或短语有:with,without,but for,or else,or,otherwise等。

But for her help,they couldn't have run over the mountain in such a short time.

要不是她的帮助,他们不会在那么短的时间内翻过那座山。

2019-2020英语选修六讲义:Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ) 含答案

2019-2020英语选修六讲义:Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ) 含答案

Section Ⅲ Grammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)

一、错综时间条件句(混合条件句)

当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had followed my advice just now,you would be better now.

如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。

If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.

如果他今天有空的话,我们就派他去北京了。

[即时训练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空

①If you had studied (study)hard before,you would be (be)a college student now.

②If you hadn't lost the map,we would be (be)back in the hotel now.

二、含蓄虚拟条件句

有时虚拟的条件不通过条件从句表达出来,而是暗含在单词、短语或上下文中,这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断此时需要采用的形式。常用词或短语有:with,without,but for,or else,or,otherwise等。

But for her help,they couldn't have run over the mountain in such a short time.

要不是她的帮助,他们不会在那么短的时间内翻过那座山。

高中英语Unit4SectionⅢGrammar__虚拟语气Ⅱ教案含解析牛津译林版选修6

高中英语Unit4SectionⅢGrammar__虚拟语气Ⅱ教案含解析牛津译林版选修6

Section ⅢGrammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)

一、错综时间条件句(混合条件句)

当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had followed my advice just now,you would be better now.

如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。

If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.

如果他今天有空的话,我们就派他去北京了。

[即时训练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空

①If you had studied (study)hard before,you would be (be)a college student now.

②If you hadn't lost the map,we would be (be)back in the hotel now.

二、含蓄虚拟条件句

有时虚拟的条件不通过条件从句表达出来,而是暗含在单词、短语或上下文中,这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断此时需要采用的形式。常用词或短语有:with,without,but for,or else,or,otherwise等。

But for her help,they couldn't have run over the mountain in such a short time.

要不是她的帮助,他们不会在那么短的时间内翻过那座山。

虚拟语气Subjunctive

虚拟语气Subjunctive

He speaks to us as if he had been there.
11. You look so tired tonight. It’s time you ____. A. go to sheep B. went to bed C. go to bed D. will go to bed
It’s (high/right) time that…that 从 句要用虚拟语气:谓语用过去时或 should + do It’s time that you left here.
12. We ____ the work on the time without your help. 有时用介词短语代 A. hadn’t had finished 替虚拟语气的条件 B. couldn’t have finished 句 Fish can’t live C. didn’t have finished without water. D. can’t have finished 13. ----Have you ever been to Beijing? ----No, but I wish I ___. A. have B. will C. do D. had
如非真实条件句的谓语含有系动词were或助动词 had或should等词,可将if省 略,而把were,had 或should 放在主语之前,变为虚拟倒装句

grammar虚拟语气简介

grammar虚拟语气简介
An Introduction to Subjunctive Mood
虚拟条件句 省略if的条件句 错综时间虚拟条件句 含蓄条件句 Should + 动词原型表示虚拟 过去式表示虚拟
1.虚拟条件句: 由连词if引出的虚拟条件句通常
有三种情况,其基本形式如下表:
所表示的情况 条件从句的谓语动词形式 主句的谓语动词形式
Examples:
We urged that he (should) write and accept the post. He desires that you (should) see him at once. We prefer that the plan (should) be fully discussed before being put into execution.
Sample Question If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _____________ now.
A) wouldn't be smiling
C) won't smile
B) couldn't have smiled
Sample Question
(1) Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ____________ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often. A) has to get C) had got B)were to get D) could have got

Unit+4+Grammar+and+usage+课件高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第三册+

Unit+4+Grammar+and+usage+课件高中英语牛津译林版选择性必修第三册+
abroad soon.
2)She was in doubt _w__h_e_t_h_e_r_ she had made the right decision.
小结: that : _无___意义、_不__作___成分、_不__可____省略,只起连接作用 whether: __有___意义、_不__作___成分、__不__可___省略
been made.
小结:连接副词 _有___意义、作_状___语__成分、_不___可___省略
同位语从句的引导词
从属连词 连接代词 连接副词
引导词
用法
that
无成分,无意义
whether
what,which,who,who m, …+ever, whose
how, when, where, …+ ever, why
the example seБайду номын сангаасtences in the text; • use appositive clauses to finish related tasks; • talk about heritage protection using appositive clauses.
什么是同位语?
不是所有的名词后面都能跟同位语从句,只有少数抽象意义的名 词可以跟同位语从句。常见的充当同位语从句先行词的名词有:

4虚拟语气和情态动词

4虚拟语气和情态动词

should 应该 You should finish your work on time. You shouldn’t be late for class. ought to 应该 You ought to finish your work on time. You ought to obey regulations. He ought to do his duty well.

表示将来的“必须”,常用have to (必须, 不得不)的 一定形式——will/shall have to. We must do it again. (现在) We will have to do it again. (将来) 表示过去的“必须”,常用have to 的过去时形式—had to. I must leave at six. I had to leave at six yesterday. Must 有两个否定形式: 1. mustn’t 表示”不许,禁止” You mustn’t talk like that. 2. needn’t 表示“不必” -Must you leave so soon? -No, you needn’t. needn’t=don’t have to 不必,不需要 You don’t have to stay at home . You don’t have to keep the window closed, we are not cold.

Grammar 虚拟语气练习

Grammar 虚拟语气练习

Grammar 虚拟语气练习

1.If places ______ alike, there would be little need for geographers.

A. being

B. are

C. be

D. were

2.If I _____ the meaning of the word, I wouldn't have to look it up.

A. know

B. knew

C. known

D. had known

3.Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job

she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

A. has to get

B. had got

C. were to get

D. could have got

4.Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams.

A. must have got through

B. would have got through

C. would get through

D. could get through

5.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11

o'clock at night.

A. were not played

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她谈论那部影片,就好像她确实看过一样。
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.

Part B

Answers
(1)Without (3)otherwise/or (5)With (7) even if (9) If only (2) otherwise/or (4) wish (6) Without (8) without (10) as if

1.We use mixed conditionals when the main clause and the if-clause are about different tenses. Eg. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.
= I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.

现在: did

2. would rather that

过去: had done 未来: did

3.In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals.
他那样对待我,好像我是陌生人似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger.

I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意: 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚

持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意" 暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用 陈述语气。

注意: 在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用 "were",不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。

Part A Answers A (1) had not studied (2) would not be (4) would have (3) had studied (6) would be (5) knew (8) would not be (7) could help

2.use otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replace an ifclause in implied conditionals

1. Had you listened to the doctor, you _________ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 2. __________ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be 3. __________ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave

4. Should it rain, the crops _____ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 5. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A.would B. should have C. may D. have 6. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow

Without air (If there were not air) , there would be no living things. But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) , I couldn’t have done it. I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)

典型例题 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were IB. I were C. Were I D. Was I

在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句 中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可 说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.

2.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should, were, had三个助动词可以把if省略,并将 这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up.

If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?

I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.

did 3.It’s (about/high) time +that should do It’s high time that you went. It’s high time that you were 你该走了。 going. It’s high time that you should go. 我们该去 It’s time that we went to bed.

I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn‘t said that. 他希望他没讲那样
的话。

I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明下雨就好
了。 2)wish to do表达法。

wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager.
should were towk.baidu.comdid should (would could, might)

虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点: 1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句 所假设的谓语动词不一致,叫做错综条件 虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照 假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.

If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice!

If only I could see him again!
要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了! If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadn’t missed the train!
虚拟语气

1) 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假 想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或 与事实相反。 2) 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句, 一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的 是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用 虚拟语气。

在条件状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。 1) 与现在事实相反:  If 主语 …, 主语 should (would +V原 were 2)与过去事实相反: could, might) V-ed  If 主语 ,主语 +have Ved should (would had Ved 3)与将来事实相反: could, might)  If 主语 …, 主语 +V原

我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。

他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 We suggested that Tom have a rest. He insisted that I (should )be present.
The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.

睡觉了。

It’s time that we should go to bed.

4.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。 1.宾语从句。常见动词: 一个坚持,两个命 令,三个建议,四个要求。即 1.insist 2. order, command

3. advise, suggest, propose
4. demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语 气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动 词原形,或者将should省略。

虚拟语气特殊句型: 现在: did(were) 1.wish/if only 过去:had done 未来: would do 1.I wish I were a bird.(现在)

2.I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.(过去) 3.We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. (将来)
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