unit4 grammar 虚拟语气 use

3.In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals.
他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。 He treated me as if I were a stranger.
It’s high time that you went. 你该走了。 It’s high time that you should go. 我们该去 It’s time that we went to bed.
睡觉了。
It’s time that we should go to bed.
4.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。 1.宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命 令，三个建议，四个要求。即 1.insist 2. order, command
我希望和你一样高。
I wish I were as tall as you.
他希望他没讲那样的话。
He wished he hadn‘t said that.
我希望明天下雨就好了。
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
现在： did
2. would rather that
过去： had done 未来： did
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚 持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意" 暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用 陈述语气。
Part A Answers A (1) had not studied (2) would not be (4) would have (3) had studied (6) would be (5) knew (8) would not be (7) could help
e otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replace an ifclause in implied conditionals
2.假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将 这三个词提至句首。 If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up.
If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again. Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do? Should there be a flood, what should we do?
Without air (If there were no air) , there would be no living things. But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) , I couldn’t have done it. I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)
他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作(sendto)。 We suggested that Tom have a rest. He insisted that I (should )be present.
The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.
1.We use mixed conditionals when the main clause and the if-clause are about different tenses. Eg. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. If you had followed my advice, you would not be in trouble now.
虚拟语气
1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假 想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或 与事实相反。 2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句， 一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的 是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用 虚拟语气。
在条件状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。 1) 与现在事实相反： If 主语 …, 主语 should (would +V原 were 2)与过去事实相反： could, might) V-ed If 主语 ,主语 +have Ved should (would had Ved 3)与将来事实相反： could, might) If 主语 …, 主语 +V原
注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用 "were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。
should were to did should (would could, might)
虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点： 1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句 所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件 虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照 假设的时间而定。 If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.
1. Had you listened to the doctor, you _________ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 2. __________ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be 3. __________ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
4. Should it rain, the crops _____ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 5. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A.would B. should have C. may D. have 6. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow
I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.
3.It’s (about/high) time +that
did should do
典型例题 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were IB. I were C. Were I D. Was I
在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句 中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可 说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
1.He insisted that she______(be)seriously ill and that was _________(send) to hospitals at once. be sent 2.He suggested that we________(have) a meeting at once. have 3.His pale face suggested that he______(be) ill. was
3. advise, suggest, propose
4. demand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语 气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动 词原形，或者将should省略。
我们建议Tom 去休息一下(have a rest)。 他坚决要求我到场（be present)。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑(be killed)。
她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.
Part B
Answers
(1)Without (3)otherwise/or (5)With (7) even if (9) If only (2) otherwise/or (4) wish (6) Without (8) without (10) as if
If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice!
If only I could see him again!
要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadn’t missed the train!
虚拟语气特殊句型： 现在： did（were） 1.wish/if only 过去：had done 未来： would do 1.I wish I were a bird.（现在）
2.I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.（过去） 3.We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. （将来）