Chapter ten The Translation of Words (1)

Chapter Ten The Translation of Words (I)
I.Diction & Extension
1.Diction
---- the selection and arrangement of words in relation to effective expression. (1)The Frame of Words
1)light music / light loss / light car / light heart / light step/ light manners / light
work / light voice
轻音乐/ 轻微损失/ 轻型车/ 轻松的心情/ 轻捷的步伐/ 轻浮的举动/ 轻活儿/ 轻柔的嗓子
心脏/ 心情/ 心血/ 心意/ 心愿/ 心思/ 心理/ 心坎/ 心肝/ 心腹/ 心胸/ 心病/
Heart/ mood/ effort/ regards/ wish/ mind/ psychology/ bottom of one’s heart/ someone reliable/ be broad-minded or ambition/ anxiety
2)It was a good dinner.
He proved to be a good listener.
I can’t find good words for it.
It was a good morning: there were high white clouds above the mountain.
I can’t speak without good evidence.
It was a good paper.
Tom must be a good football player.
The cheques are all good, of course.
这顿饭很好吃。

证明他善于倾听。

我无法用语言表达。

这个早晨真美好：山上雨雾缭绕。

没有证据，我不能乱说。

这篇文章写得好。

汤姆的足球应该踢得很好。

3)今天天气很好。

我的病好了。

这事好办。

好景不长。

我好久没见过他了。

形势有好转。

你们对我真好。

身体好、学习好、工作好
The weather is find today.
I am better off.
It is easy to handle it.
Good time usually goes fast.
It is a long time since I last met him.
The situation is changing.
You are so nice to me.
Good health, good academic performance, good working performance.
(2)The Larger Context
1)Discipline means choices.
2)He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though
about to take off.
3)The functions of the federal government have expanded so much that there are
few aspects of national life outside the area of its interests, if not its regulation. 纪律便是选择。

他工作的时候总坐在椅子的边缘，似乎要掉下去一般。

联邦政府的职能已扩展到了某种程度，以至于在政府利益和规范之外，人么基本上没有什么自己的生活。

4)这个人是书就读。

5)他对事情的进展情况也还满意。

6)我这星期不忙，就你的时间吧。

/ 他就着油灯读信。

All books are attractive for this person.
He is also satisfied with its development.
It depends on you, for I am available this week./ He reads the letter in the dark lamp.
2.Extension
1) A high school student should be able to date, if she is dependable and has a
sense of responsibility.
2)When we are introduced to new people, we should try to appear friendly and
self-confident.
3)I hope all these possibilities will enable us to round the corner.
4)The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is casting.
5)The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing.
6)Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years.
如果一个高中生可靠并且有责任感，她还是可以去结交异性朋友的。

在介绍给新朋友的时候，我们应该努力表现地友好和自信。

我希望我们有机会可以好转。

需要用铸焊来连接原材料和完成品间的间隙。

外国游客到北京都必须到长城。

激光成了近几年发展惊人的技术之一。

7)遇事和大家商量。

8)这小伙子干活真冲。

9)各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。

10)但我相信，那种哀怨的无声的诉说，一定是一种生命的绝唱！
All issues occurred should be discussed with others.
The guy is so hard-working.
The managerial expertise should be improved for leaders at all levels.
But I believe that the silent mourning telling must be the last words in one’s life.
II.Conversion
No correspondence of part of speech between the two languages is necessary in translation.
English ----
Chinese ----
1) A study of that letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it.
2) A successful ban of the use of nuclear weapons must be preceded by the
destruction of nuclear weapons.
3) A fire in the neighbor’s house can easily bring disaster to everyone.
看完那封信后，我们对其背后的动机了如指掌。

只有销毁后才能成功地禁止使用核武器。

邻居的那场大火很容易便殃及池鱼。

4)他有辨别颜色的目力。

5)他出门不在。

6)这次十三届八中全会开得好。

He is able to distinguish colors.
He is out.
The Eighth Plenary Session of the Thirteenth Central Committee was a complete success.
7)Rationing by points is over and rationing by the purse is in.
8)The return ticket is available for a week.
9)As a Beijing Opera actor, he is a great success.
10)The landscape is a perfect dream.
11)His address impressed me deeply.
12)They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally.
积分换取活动结束，现在只能用现金换取。

可以买到一周内的回程票。

他是一位成功的京剧演员。

这风景完全是每个人做梦都想去的地方。

他的演讲深深地打动了我。

理论上，他们做得不是很好，但是在组织上，做得不错。

13)该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。

14)我们决不满足于现有的成就。

15)现在已给该城市的科学家们提供了必要的图书、仪器和助手，以保证科研
工作的顺利进行。

The products from the factory mainly feature with exquisite processing and long durability.
Scientists in that city have been provided with necessary books, equipment and assistants for the successful research.
*Suggested Reading:
1.孙致礼《新编英汉翻译教程》p.95-103
2.陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》p.69-122
Exercise:
However mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names. It is not so bad as you are. It looks poorest when you are richest. The fault-finder will find faults in paradise. Love your life, poor as it is. You may perhaps have some pleasant, thrilling, glorious hours, even in a poor-house. The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the alms-house as brightly as from the rich man's abode; the snow melts before its door as early in the spring.。