目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译
目的论视角下外语电影和电视剧字幕翻译研究
目的论视角下外语电影和电视剧字幕翻译研究一、本文概述随着全球化的不断深入，外语电影和电视剧在中国市场的传播和接受度日益提高。
字幕翻译作为连接源语言和目标语言观众的重要桥梁，其质量直接影响到观众的观影体验和文化交流的效果。
本文旨在从目的论视角出发，探讨外语电影和电视剧字幕翻译的策略与技巧，分析当前字幕翻译中存在的问题，并提出相应的改进建议。
目的论是一种翻译理论，强调翻译应服务于特定的目的和目标受众。
在外语电影和电视剧的字幕翻译中，目的论提供了重要的理论支撑和实践指导。
通过运用目的论原则，翻译者可以更加明确字幕翻译的目的和功能，从而选择恰当的翻译策略，确保字幕翻译的准确性、流畅性和文化适应性。
本文首先将对目的论的基本原理进行阐述，包括其发展历程、核心观点以及在字幕翻译中的应用价值。
接着，本文将结合具体案例，分析外语电影和电视剧字幕翻译中的常见问题，如直译过度、文化信息丢失、语言生硬等。
在此基础上，本文将探讨如何在目的论指导下改进字幕翻译质量，提出相应的翻译策略和方法，如增译、减译、意译等。
本文将对目的论视角下外语电影和电视剧字幕翻译的未来发展趋势进行展望，以期为中国影视字幕翻译行业的健康发展提供有益参考。
二、目的论翻译理论概述目的论翻译理论，源于德国功能派翻译理论，是一种注重翻译目的和功能的翻译理论。
该理论的核心观点是，翻译是一种有目的的交际行为，翻译的目的决定了翻译的策略和方法。
在目的论翻译理论中，翻译不再是简单的语言转换，而是一种跨文化的交际活动，其首要原则是“目的原则”，即翻译应能在译入语情境和文化中，按译入语接受者期待的方式发生作用。
目的论翻译理论强调译者的主体性和译文的接受性，认为译者应根据翻译的目的和译文读者的需求，灵活选择翻译策略和方法。
这一理论突破了传统对等翻译理论的束缚，为翻译研究提供了新的视角和思路。
在外语电影和电视剧字幕翻译中，目的论翻译理论具有重要的指导意义。
字幕翻译的目的是帮助观众理解和欣赏原片，因此，译者应根据观众的文化背景、语言习惯和审美需求，选择适当的翻译策略和方法，使字幕翻译既能传达原片的意义，又能符合观众的期待。
探讨目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译
探讨目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译【摘要】本文探讨了目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译。
首先介绍了研究背景和研究意义，指出目的论视角在字幕翻译中的重要性。
然后从概述目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译，目的论视角对字幕翻译的影响，以及目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译策略等方面展开讨论。
接着通过实例分析探讨了目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译的具体操作方法，并对可能遇到的问题进行了探讨。
最后总结了目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译研究成果，并展望未来的研究方向。
本文旨在为电影字幕翻译提供新的视角和方法，促进研究领域的发展。
【关键词】目的论、电影字幕翻译、视角、研究背景、研究意义、策略、实例分析、问题探讨、研究成果、未来研究方向。
1. 引言1.1 研究背景在过去的研究中，关于目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译，学者们已经做了大量的探讨。
研究者们从不同的角度出发，分析了电影字幕翻译中的目的与意图，以及如何更好地传达原片的语言和文化特点。
这些研究为我们理解电影字幕翻译的重要性和复杂性提供了重要的理论基础。
目前关于目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译的研究仍然存在一定的不足。
一方面，对于字幕翻译中的目的和意图的分析仍然比较片面，缺乏系统性和深度；在实际翻译中，字幕翻译人员往往面临着种种挑战和困难，如何更好地应用目的论视角来指导翻译实践，仍有待进一步的探讨和研究。
本文旨在对目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译进行更深入的探讨与研究，希望可以为这一领域的研究和实践提供一定的参考和启发。
1.2 研究意义目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译研究，不仅能够为提升字幕翻译质量提供理论指导和实践参考，更能够促进跨文化传播和理解，增进不同文化间的交流与互动。
通过深入探讨目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译策略、实例分析以及问题探讨，可以进一步揭示字幕翻译中的文化差异与交际目的，有助于提高翻译者的跨文化意识和翻译水平，从而更好地传递电影的信息与情感，实现电影文化的全球化传播。
研究目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译，不仅有助于提升字幕翻译的质量和效果，更能够促进不同文化之间的交流与理解，推动电影产业的健康发展，具有重要的理论和实践意义。
目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译——以《雷霆战海》为例
目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译——以《雷霆战海》为例目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译——以《雷霆战海》为例引言：电影作为一种重要的文化交流形式，越来越受到观众的喜爱。
而电影字幕作为观众了解电影内容的媒介，对于跨国影片的观看和理解起着至关重要的作用。
然而，在进行电影字幕翻译时，需要充分考虑观众的需要和观影体验，并顺应翻译的目的。
因此，本文将以《雷霆战海》为例，从目的论视角探讨电影字幕翻译的重要性和方法。
第一部分：电影字幕翻译的背景和意义1. 跨国电影的兴起和发展随着全球化的不断推进和国际间的文化交流增多，越来越多的电影跨越国界，进入不同国家的市场。
为了让观众更好地理解和接受电影内容，电影字幕翻译变得至关重要。
2. 字幕翻译对电影观影体验的影响电影字幕作为观众了解对话和剧情的关键元素，对于完整体验电影的情绪和情感表达非常重要。
一旦字幕翻译存在问题，就会影响观众对电影内容的理解和接受程度。
3. 电影字幕翻译的目的论视角目的论视角强调翻译应以达到特定目的为最终追求，即为观众提供最佳的观影体验。
电影字幕翻译的目的就是为了让观众更好地理解电影内容，接触到电影的情感和内涵。
第二部分：《雷霆战海》电影字幕翻译的实例与分析1. 电影介绍和背景《雷霆战海》是一部以第二次世界大战为背景的战争电影，由美国导演执导，主演包括汤姆·汉克斯等一线明星。
该电影在全球范围内取得了巨大的成功，并在中国市场深受观众喜爱。
2. 字幕翻译的优化与改进为了让中国观众更好地理解和接受电影内容，电影字幕翻译需要根据目的论视角进行优化和改进。
例如，在选择合适的词语和表达方式上，需要考虑观众的阅读习惯和理解能力，以及情感的传达。
3. 结合目的论视角的翻译策略目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译，可以采用以下策略：一是词语选择，比如将文化背景相关的词汇翻译为相应的中文词语；二是语言风格和表达方式的调整，使之更贴近中国观众的口味和理解水平；三是情感和情绪的传达，通过适当的用词和语气表达，使观众能够更好地感受电影的情感共鸣。
目的论观照下的英文电影片名汉译研究
目的论观照下的英文电影片名汉译研究作为一种集艺术性和商业性于一体的艺术形式，电影在丰富人们的日常生活、促进国际文化艺术交流方面起着重要作用。
近年来，许多优秀的英文电影被引进中国，其片名的汉译引起了有关人士的关注，这是因为上佳的译名不仅能吸引更多观众，而且还有助于发挥影片的文化传播功能，进而更好地增加影片的票房收益，实现其艺术价值和商业价值，达到文化交流的目的。
本文以目的论为理论框架，从翻译目的和译文功能出发，举例分析英文电影片名的汉译策略和方法。
一、目的论概述目的论是德国功能翻译理论的核心理论。
目的论把翻译视为一种有目的性的人类行为活动，一种以目的语为导向的跨文化交际活动。
翻译要达到的目的决定着整个翻译行为的过程，原文文本仅仅起到“提供信息”的作用，译者要根据委托人的翻译要求（译文的预期功能和预期读者、译文的传播媒介、翻译的目的、时间、地点、场合等），结合文本的交际功能和读者对译文的期盼，对源语文本中的多元信息及其翻译策略和译文形式进行选择，使译文实现预期的交际目的和功能。
后来，诺德在系统总结功能派翻译理论的形成过程和基本思想的基础上，引入了“功能+忠诚”的理论模式，（李静：2012）并根据文本功能和翻译目的的关系提出了“纪实翻译”和“工具翻译”两大翻译策略，进一步完善了功能翻译理论。
根据目的论，所有翻译活动都应遵循“目的法则”“连贯法则”以及“忠实法则”。
“目的法则”是目的论的首要法则，“忠实法则”从属于“连贯法则”，而二者均从属于“目的法则”。
而且，在翻译开始前，译者应有一份详细说明翻译目的的翻译要求，包括译文的预期功能和预期读者、译文的传播媒介、翻译的目的、时间、地点、场合等，使翻译做到有的放矢，使译文达到预期目的与功能。
二、电影片名的功能及其翻译目的贺莺（2001）把电影片名的功能归纳为四大基本功能：信息功能、表情功能、审美功能以及广告功能。
信息功能是指电影片名应凸显影片的内容，以便观众能更好地了解影片的故事情节和主旨，具有明显的信息提示作用；表情功能是指奠定影片的感情基础，以强烈的抒情、惊险或戏剧氛围去感染观众；审美功能是指以优美流畅的语言、生动的形象去打动观众，给观众以美的体念和享受；广告功能在于吸引观众，增加票房收入。
目的论指导下《流浪地球2》字幕英译策略研究
目的论指导下《流浪地球2》字幕英译策略研究摘要：本文以目的论为指导，探究《流浪地球2》中的字幕英译策略。
由于语言文化差异，字幕翻译在传播电影作品内涵的过程中意义重大，不同的翻译策略会对语意的传达带来不同的影响。
本文旨在运用案例分析法对其字幕进行定性分析，探索高质量国产科幻电影字幕英译思路。
关键词：目的论；字幕英译；《流浪地球2》1 引言让中国文化“走出去”是如今我国发展过程中十分重要的议题，也是提高我国软实力的重要举措。
要让中国文化走得更远、更稳、更好，需要我们立足本土，面向世界。
在中国文化“走出去”的过程中，不能把讲述中国故事变成自说自话，而功能学派的目的论着眼于翻译行为的目的，摆脱了以源语言为中心的等值思想束缚，进一步提高了译文受众的地位，因此翻译应当符合目的论要求。
在中国影史中不乏优秀的作品，但优秀的科幻电影却屈指可数。
而《流浪地球2》是继前作之后的又一中国科幻电影巨制，也是中国文化走出国门的重要名片。
在世界范围内，《流浪地球2》得到了基本认可。
[4]字幕作为台词内容的载体，在传达电影内涵与思想的过程中必然需要满足译入语读者的习惯，帮助外国观众认识、学习和了解中国文化与思想。
本文将在目的论的指导下，结合字幕翻译的特点与要求，对《流浪地球2》的英文字幕翻译策略进行研究分析，发掘译文在讲述中国作品、传播中国文化过程中的亮点，以供学习借鉴。
同时也寻找不足之处，希望为未来的中国影视作品翻译提供参考。
2 研究现状2.1国内研究现状使用中国知网进行搜索关键词“流浪地球2”，得到搜索结果88条，相关内容主要集中在《流浪地球2》经济效益以及片中科技内容的分析，暂无任何对《流浪地球2》字幕进行分析的相关文献。
搜索“目的论指导字幕翻译”，得到搜索结果143条，内容主要包含国外影视作品汉译以及中国早期经典影视作品的英译，其中含两篇目的论视角下《流浪地球1》的字幕翻译分析，但对目的论三原则的相互关系在翻译中的体现分析不足。
目的论视角下字幕翻译策略研究
目的论视角下字幕翻译策略研究随着全球化的推进和影视产业的快速发展，字幕翻译在电影、电视剧、纪录片等观赏性影视作品中的应用越来越广泛。
如何准确表达影视作品的主题、情感和意义，成为了字幕翻译的重要研究课题。
本文将从目的论视角出发，探讨字幕翻译的策略及相关问题。
在目的论视角下，字幕翻译需要遵循以下原则：翻译目的要明确。
字幕翻译的主要目的是将源语言信息准确地传达给目标语言观众，使其能够更好地理解和欣赏影视作品。
因此，在翻译过程中要始终以这个目的为指导，确保字幕能够满足目标观众的信息需求。
翻译策略要与作品风格、类型相符合。
不同类型的影视作品，如文艺片、商业片、纪录片等，需要采用不同的翻译策略。
例如，文艺片强调对白和内心独白的情感表达，翻译时要注重情感的传递；商业片则注重剧情的紧凑和观众的娱乐体验，翻译时要尽量保持简洁明了。
翻译过程中要注意文化差异和受众心理接受程度。
不同地域的文化背景和观众心理习惯会对字幕翻译产生影响，需要译者在翻译过程中充分考虑，以确保字幕翻译的准确性和可接受性。
针对目的论视角下的字幕翻译策略，本文将研究以下内容：影视作品主题和情感的分析方法。
对影视作品的主题和情感进行分析，是进行字幕翻译的前提。
本文将探讨如何从文本和语境两个方面对源语言信息进行分析，以便准确把握作品的主题和情感。
翻译策略的制定和优化。
在明确翻译目的和作品风格、类型的基础上，制定适合的翻译策略，如直译、意译、增译、减译等，并根据实际情况进行优化，以确保字幕翻译的效果达到最佳。
常见翻译技巧的应用。
在字幕翻译中，一些常见的翻译技巧如替换、省略、解释等的应用，能够有效地提高翻译的准确性和艺术性。
本文将探讨这些翻译技巧的应用方法及注意事项。
翻译效果的评估方法。
为了确保字幕翻译的质量和效果，需要对翻译进行评估。
本文将探讨评估字幕翻译效果的方法，包括语言质量、文化传递、观众反馈等方面。
本文的研究结果表明，目的论视角下的字幕翻译需要综合考虑多种因素，包括作品风格、受众心理、文化差异等。
德国目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译研究
针对文化差异： 注重跨文化交际 能力的培养，提 高译者对不同文 化的敏感度。
针对语言差异： 注重语言对比研 究，提高译者的 语言转换能力。
针对技术挑战： 采用先进的翻译 工具和软件，提 高翻译效率和准 确性。
针对未来发展： 加强国际合作与 交流，推动电影 字幕翻译行业的 创新与发展。
人工智能技术将 进一步应用于电 影字幕翻译，提 高翻译准确性和
流畅。
目的论视角下的 电影字幕翻译， 需要充分考虑观 众的文化背景和
语言习惯。
翻译过程中，需 要灵活运用各种 翻译技巧，以达 到最佳的翻译效
果。
目的论视角下的 电影字幕翻译， 可以提高电影的 跨文化传播效果， 促进文化交流。
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
重视目的论在电影字幕翻译中的应用，根据受众群体和文化背景进行有针对性的翻译。 充分考虑电影字幕的时空限制，采用适当的语言风格和表达方式，确保信息的准确传达。 注重字幕的流畅性和可读性，避免过于复杂的句式和生僻词汇，确保观众能够轻松理解。
够快速理解剧情。
电影字幕翻译的定义： 将原语电影中的对话、 声音等转化为目的语， 以传达原语电影中的信 息。
电影字幕翻译的重要性： 在跨文化交流中，电影 字幕翻译能够让观众更 好地理解电影内容，促 进文化交流和传播。
目的论的定义 和原则
电影字幕翻译 的特点和挑战
目的论在电影 字幕翻译中的 具体应用
句式调整：根据目标语言的语法结构和表达习惯对原文进行适当的调整，使译文更加流畅自然。 语言风格：保持与原片语言风格一致，同时考虑目标观众的语言习惯和审美需求。 语言规范：遵循目标语言的字幕翻译规范，确保译文字幕的准确性和可读性。
语言风格的保留： 在翻译过程中保 持原电影的语言 风格，以传递文 化特色。
目的论视角下电影字幕翻译——以《被光抓走的人》为例
目的论视角下电影字幕翻译——以《被光抓走的人》为例目的论视角下电影字幕翻译——以《被光抓走的人》为例引言电影作为一种重要的艺术形式，能够跨越语言和文化的界限，传达不同国家和民族之间的思想和情感。
然而，由于语言的不同，观众在欣赏外国电影时通常需要依赖字幕进行理解。
因此，字幕翻译作为一种特殊形式的翻译活动，承载着重要的传播功能。
本文旨在以电影《被光抓走的人》为例，从目的论视角探讨电影字幕翻译的重要性、困境以及应对策略。
一、目的论视角下的电影字幕翻译1.1 目的论视角的基本理念目的论是翻译学中的一个重要学派，其核心理念是翻译的最终目的是为了满足特定的翻译需求。
从这个角度看，电影字幕翻译的目的就是使观众能够理解和体验电影的情节、人物和情感。
1.2 电影字幕翻译的挑战电影字幕翻译面临许多挑战，其中最重要的是如何平衡对原汁原味的保留和向观众传达正确信息的矛盾。
此外，时间和空间限制以及不同语言之间的文化差异也是电影字幕翻译的困境所在。
二、《被光抓走的人》的特点分析2.1 影片背景和主题《被光抓走的人》是法国导演勒玛尔丁的一部作品，讲述了一个关于爱与死亡的浪漫故事。
影片充满哲学意味，强调生命的瞬息即逝和对于生命的热爱。
2.2 语言与文化特点法语是影片中主要使用的语言，法国文化和社会背景也贯穿整个影片。
这对字幕翻译提出了要求，要在保留原汁原味的同时，尽可能向观众传达法国文化和情感。
三、《被光抓走的人》的字幕翻译实例分析3.1 字幕翻译的策略选择在字幕翻译中，为了准确地传达原片的内容，译者通常会选择直译或意译这两种不同的策略。
在处理《被光抓走的人》的字幕翻译中，译者需要综合考虑语言和文化的因素，选择适当的翻译策略。
3.2 字幕翻译的平衡与权衡在字幕翻译中，平衡和权衡是关键问题。
译者需要在保留原片的情感和意义的同时，照顾观众对于语言和文化的理解。
例如，在翻译歌曲歌词时，译者需要平衡原文的韵律和意义。
四、电影字幕翻译的值得借鉴之处4.1 语言的美感传达电影字幕翻译不仅仅是语言的转换，还需要将电影语言的美感传达给观众。
目的论指导下的英语字幕翻译策略(精)
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文,都是近期写作1 电影《当幸福来敲门》中蕴涵的美国文化解读2 从《推手》看中美文化差异对家庭关系的影响3 Gender Difference in Daily English Conversation4 On Translation of English Idioms5 哈里的迷惘与自我救赎——《乞力马扎罗的雪》的哲学解读6 说谎的语用顺应性分析7 动物习语在英汉文化中的异同分析8 A Southern Elegy-A Feminist Study on Fau lkner’s “A Rose for Emily”9 A Tragedy of Ambition on Macbeth10 Cultural Connotation and Translation of Animal Words in Chinese and English11 浅谈英语委婉语的作用和原则12 英汉被动结构对比研究13 试析《傲慢与偏见》中的书信14 谈新闻发布会口译中的礼貌原则15 透过七夕和情人节看中西文化差异16 农村学生英语学习情感障碍分析17 A Comparison of the English Color Terms18 文档所公布均英语专业全英原创毕业论文。
原创Q 799 75 79 3819 华盛顿•欧文与陶渊明逃遁思想对比研究20 从个人英雄主义角度解读《肖申克的救赎》21 忠实与变通策略在科技翻译中的运用22 Memory Theories and Their Applications to English V ocabulary Learning23 电影名称的翻译特点24 中英颜色词及象征意义25 从概念整合视角解读《老友记》中的言语幽默26 论《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫的矛盾情感27 玛莎•诺曼戏剧中的母女关系研究28 英汉谚语中“爱”的情感隐喻对比研究(开题报告+论29 浅析焦虑对英语专业学生英语口语的影响30 中西方身体语言的差异的研究31 A Comparison of the English Color Terms32 A Comparison Between the History of Development of Law in Western Countries and China33 《老人与海》的象征意义分析34 Cultural Connotation of English Proverbs and the Translation Strategies35 浅谈中西体态语的差异36 透过《格列佛游记》看斯威夫特的讽刺艺术37 浅析理发师陶德一剧中歌词的妙用38 An Analysis of the Symbolic Meanings of the Letter “A” in The Scarlet Letter39 浅论《儿子与情人》中劳伦斯的心里分析技巧40 从文化视角看部分英汉习语的异同41 文化语境对翻译的影响42 英语语义歧义分析及其语用价值43 中美体育报道的比较44 中西饮食文化的对比45 《外婆的日常家当》中女性形象象征意义46 中学英语课堂中的情感教育47 论《了不起的盖茨比》中二元主角的运用48 生存与对话—浅析《非笑之事》49 跨文化交际中的体态语50 Film Translation in the Horizon of Relevance Theory—Based on the Film Dead Poets Society51 The Features of Commercial Advertisement English52 英汉称呼语的对比研究53 An Analysis of the Characters in the Call of the Wild from the Perspective of Social Darwinism54 从违反合作原则研究《生活大爆炸》55 从《简•爱》与《藻海无边》看女性话语权的缺失56 从中国传统民居乔家大院和西方哥特式教堂看中西文化差异57 A Feministic Study of th e Theme of “The Chrysanthemums”(开题报告+论文+文献综述58 葛浩文英译《红高粱家族》的翻译策略研究5960 新兴资产阶级代表—鲁滨逊•克鲁索61 功能对等视角下记者招待会古诗词翻译策略研究62 On Elizabeth’s Rebellious Spirit in Pride and Prejudice63 语义翻译与交际翻译在英语专业八级翻译考试中的应用64 广告翻译策略初探65 《老人与海》中的孤独66 教师身势语在英语口语教学中的应用67 《美国丽人》中的伦理主题研究68 An analysis of the "never lost" qualities on Hemingway and his Sun Also Rises69 A Comparison of the English Color Terms70 论英汉习语中的动物文化71 “省力原则”在口译过程中的应用72 生存危机和渴求改变——黑色幽默小说的主体研究73 文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响和应对策略74 对比评析《了不起的盖茨比》中尼克和盖茨比的梦想75 The Strategies and Translation of Politeness in English Business Letters76 边缘人群的孤独与无奈——对《夜访吸血鬼》中路易斯的研究77 浅析“冰山理论”调动读者参与的作用78 影响高中学生英语学习兴趣因素的调查及分析—以x市高中学生为调查对象79 论《喜福会》中双重文化对母女关系的影响80 从冗余理论浅谈翻译技巧之增译法与减译法81 认知语境对文学文本翻译策略的影响82 汉英数字文化比较及其翻译83 在幻想中回归童年──评析《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》84 An Analysis of Hardy’s Optimism in Jude the Obscure85 中西民间鬼神形象中体现的宗教世俗化的研究86 《苔丝》与《呼啸山庄》中复仇主题的生态女性主义解读87 英汉颜色词在文化背景下的不对应性88 《沙漠之花》的女性主义研究89 浅析达洛卫夫人的自我追寻90 用本我,自我,超我的弗洛伊德理论来解析《红字》91 The Growth of Humphrey Weyden in The Sea Wolf92 The Postmodern Story In the Victorian Age--The French Lieutenant's Woman93 英语幽默语的语用研究94 威廉•麦克佩斯•萨克雷《名利场》的道德研究95 旅游翻译中的文化差异和处理策略96 A Comparison of the English Color Terms97 从后殖民主义看《贫民窟的百万富翁》的成功98 On the Chinese Loanwords from English99 文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响100 英语学习中的跨文化语用失误及其对策101 论《木木》中屠格涅夫的反农奴制思想102 文化语境下公示语的翻译103 从电影《当幸福来敲门》看美国梦104 英语听力理解障碍及应对策略105 浅论中文商标的翻译(开题报告+论106 论英语谚语的翻译107 浅析小组合作在小学英语教学中的应用108 浅析《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中黑奴的命运109 A Linguistic Analysis of Barack Obama’s Inauguration Speech110 中西方礼貌原则及其差异对比研究111 从关联翻译理论看《圣经》汉译过程中的关联缺失112 影响英语专业学生理解英语习语的因素调查113 由英汉委婉语的对比研究来看中西文化的差异114 The Differences of Beauty Standards Between China and America 115 从《傲慢与偏见》两个汉译本看翻译策略的选择116 从《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂的悲剧看世纪初女性的社会地位117 从关联理论看英文电影字幕翻译中的减译118 《中文菜单英文译法》中的归化和异化分析119 论凯瑟琳﹒曼斯菲尔德作品中的彼得﹒潘情结120 诗歌《飞鸟集》的意象评析121 委婉语和礼貌原则122 A Comparison of the English Color Terms123 Satan in Paradise Lost as a Tragic Hero124 A Feminist Reading of Virginia Woolf and A Room of One’s Own 125 中国英语与中式英语的对比研究——从英汉民族思维差异的角度126 交际翻译视角下的公示语汉英翻译127128 从文化视角看《了不起的盖茨比》中黛西的无辜129 认识、寻找和实现自我价值——剖析《飘》中的人生价值130 文化差异对商务谈判的影响及策略131 文学作品的风格及其可译性132 从文化差异角度研究英文新闻标题翻译的策略133 解读《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》中麦琪的悲剧命运134 星巴克在中国取得的成功及启示135 英汉翻译中的文化空缺现象及对策136 英语商务信函的文体和语言特点137 浅析英语职业委婉语的特点及其社会功能138 An Analysis of Sexism in English Proverbs139 《游泳者》中的艺术特色140 《愤怒的葡萄》中的圣经原型141 托马斯哈代与张爱玲作品中女性悲剧命运对比研究——以苔丝和顾曼桢为例142 Everlasting Colonialism-An Interpretation of the Great Gatsby143 论东西方文化中的体态语差异144 中学生学习英语的焦虑感及对策145 文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响146 英语委婉语的语用分析147 文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响和应对策略148 浅析《道林·格雷的画像》中的享乐主义149 浅析《动物庄园》中极权主义形成的必然性150 涉外商函的特点及其翻译151 《远大前程》和《了不起的盖茨比》中悲剧英雄的伟大之处对比152 西方节日对中国传统文化的影响153 A Comparison of the English Color Terms154 Problems in the Oral Class and Solutions to Them155 论西尔维娅•普拉斯诗歌中的死亡意象156 Using Maslow’s Hierarchy Needs Theory to Analyze Sister Carrie’s Destiny 157 《愤怒的葡萄》中的圣经原型158 翻译“忠实”新解——兼评《傲慢与偏见》译本159 法律英语中的情态动词shall的翻译160 《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝之死的必然性161 An Analysis of Gilmore’s American Existentialism in The Executioner’s Song 162 中文商标英译研究163 中国文学作品中的歇后语的英译-以红楼梦为例164 Symbolism in The Old Man and The Sea165 《名利场》的女性主义解读166 论《傲骨贤妻》字幕翻译中的归化和异化策略167 《青春》中的孤独主题分析168 《远大前程》中皮普的性格发展与外界环境的关系169 从美国梦看美国社会流动机制170 会话含义的语用初探171 中西方悲剧爱情故事折射出的文化差异—《穆斯林的葬礼》与《荆棘鸟》之比较172 从文化视角看中美家庭教育差异173 目的论指导下的导游词英译策略研究174 《麦琪的礼物》中环境语的分析175 An Interpretation of Death in Jack London's Short Stories176 On the Translation of Chinese Classical Poetry from Aesthetic Perspective—Based on the different English versions of “Tian Jing ShaQiu Si”177 《爱玛》的婚姻观分析178 On the Principle of Elegance in the Translation of Business Contracts179 传统与超越-解读成长小说《占卜者》180 How to Avoid Chinglish on English Writing of Senior High School Students 181 从三美原则看中国古诗词中酒意象的英译182 浅析英文爱情诗的特点与翻译方法183 Childhood PTSD in Anne of Green Gables184 从原型批评理论来看<<哈利波特>>系列小说中的人物原型185 战后美国对伊拉克娱乐文化的影响186 简•奥斯汀《诺桑觉寺》中人物对爱情和婚姻的不同态度187 观音与圣母之比较188 目的论视角下的公司简介汉英翻译189 目的论指导下的英语字幕翻译策略190 论《隐形人》中的象征主义191 Humor as Perceived from the Cooperative Principle192 从《简爱》看夏洛蒂•勃朗特的女性意识193 中西方餐桌礼仪文化对比194 影响英语阅读速度提高的主要障碍及其解决方法195 The Death of Willy Loman and the destruction of the American Dream 196 论《兔子归来》中黑人民权意识的觉醒197 Study on the Basic Principles of Legal English Translation198 On Translator’s Subjectivity from the Feminist Perspective199 A Preliminary Study on Racial Discrimination in America200 《紫色》的生态女性主义解读。
以目的论为指导的电影字幕翻译——电影《肖申克的救赎》的实例分析
以目的论为指导的电影字幕翻译——电影《肖申克的救赎》的实例分析以目的论为指导的电影字幕翻译——电影《肖申克的救赎》的实例分析引言电影字幕翻译是将电影对话或旁白转化成目标语言的文字叙述，是电影翻译中一个重要的环节。
电影字幕翻译不仅要求准确传达原文的意思，还要考虑到目标文化的差异，使观众能够理解并享受电影的情节和深意。
本文以目的论为指导，以电影《肖申克的救赎》为例，对其中的字幕翻译进行实例分析。
一、目的论在电影字幕翻译中的重要性目的论是翻译学的一种翻译理论，认为翻译的目的决定了翻译的策略和方法。
在电影字幕翻译中，观众的理解和情感体验是首要目的。
字幕翻译不仅要准确传达原文的语义，还要根据影片的特点和目标观众的文化背景，使观众能够理解和接受翻译后的文字。
二、字幕翻译中的语义传达1. 直译与意译的选择直译是指尽量保持原文句子结构和语义，逐字逐句进行翻译；而意译则是根据目标语言和文化的特点，适当转换句子结构和表达方式，更好地传达原文的意思。
在电影《肖申克的救赎》的字幕翻译中，翻译人员灵活运用了直译和意译的策略，准确传达了原文的语义。
例如，影片中主人公在监狱中与同僚互动的场景，“Make a move and the first thing they do is break your legs.I know a guy in here, two years he's been asking me toget him a gun. Can you believe it? Two years he's been asking me for a gun, doesn't trust the gua rds.” 直译后的翻译可能是“一动不动，他们做的第一件事就是把你的腿打断。
我认识一个人，在这里已经两年了，一直在找我拿枪。
你相信吗？两年了，他一直在找我要枪，不信任狱警。
”意译后的翻译可能是“一动不动，他们立刻把你的腿打断。
目的论视域下的影视字幕翻译以电影《当幸福来敲门》为例.pdf
学校代码：10327学号：MG********硕士学位论文目的论视域下的影视字幕翻译：以电影《当幸福来敲门》为例院系：外国语学院专业：英语语言文学研究方向：翻译*名：**指导教师：肖辉教授完成日期：2012年10月18日答辩日期：2012年12月27日On Audio-Visual Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Skopostheorie: a Case Study of the Film The Pursuit of HappynessA Dissertation Submitted toNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsFor the Academic Degree of Master of ArtsBYLi QiuSupervised byProfessor Xiao HuiSchool of Foreign LanguagesNanjing University of Finance and EconomicsOctober 2012学位论文独创性声明本论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。
论文中除了特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或其它机构已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。
其他同志对本研究的启发和所做的贡献均已在论文中作了明确的声明并表示了谢意。
作者签名：日期：学位论文使用授权声明本人完全了解南京财经大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅；学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保存论文。
保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定。
作者签名：导师签名：日期：AcknowledgementsThe completion of the thesis comes after the support and assistance of many sides. First of all, I should express my immense gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Xiao Hui. Her timely guidance and enlightening suggestions, helpful criticism and positive encouragement have helped me a lot. Since I became her postgraduate student, I have been led to the world of translation and provided with invaluable guidance over all these years. I feel exceptionally lucky to have her as my supervisor.I also would like to express my gratefulness to all the professors during the postgraduate studies. Furthermore, I have benefited enormously from the lectures given by Prof. Wang Keming, Prof. Li Junru, and Prof. Zhang Gaoyuan for their constructive help and lectures.Last but not least, I must give my thanks to my beloved family for their love and support these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates for the unforgettable and precious nearly three years we spent together. Actually, I feel deeply indebted to those who have given me their advice and encouragement, which have been the driving force to finish this thesis.AbstractThe Pursuit of Happyness(purposefully misspelled by the author of the novel) firstly released in Chinese mainland in 1998 was loved by the audience. During these years, it has been shown in many different countries throughout the world. Clearly, it has been regarded as a valuable text for academic study by the scholars. However, the author found it difficult to find academic materials concerning film The Pursuit of Happyness. Thus, it‟s of creative significance to study the film under the guidance of Skopostheorie.Translation is an especially important communicative tool among different languages and cultures. As a cultural carrier, film also needs the involvement of translation. Nowadays, with the development of economics and culture, more and more foreign films, especially English and American films have flocked into China and are welcomed by the masses. As an important tool of gaining information and enjoying entertainment, film subtitle translation plays an increasingly significant role. Only good subtitle translation can make the foreign audience better appreciate the original films. Good film subtitle translation can provide the crowning touch to foreign films and can attract more audience thus enhancing the audience‟s experience of appreciating films and playing an important role in different cultural exchange. The great achievements that the film subtitle translation has received can not be ignored; however, in theory, normative film subtitle translation theories are far from being mature and perfect. In practice, there is much room to improve the quality of film subtitle translation.The thesis concentrates a study on film subtitle translation from the perspective of Skopostheorie. In order to make the audience better appreciate the original films, under the particular temporal and spacial constraints, directly and effectively conveying relative information to the audience is the main purpose of film subtitletranslation, which will attract more viewers to go to the cinema and to earn the highest box-office. To fulfill the purpose, translator should follow certain principles and strategies and besides, special attention should be paid to the cultural phenomenon in the process of translation.This thesis attempts to study Chinese translation of the subtitles of English films from the perspective of Skopostheorie. This study mainly focuses on the principles and strategies of film subtitle translation. For film subtitle translation, this thesis is a tentative study, and it is expected that this study will deepen our understanding of translation theories and finally improve the practical level of film subtitle translation.This thesis is consisted of six chapters. The first chapter briefly introduces the research background, research purpose and research methods. The second chapter mainly deals with the literature review. The third chapter concentrates on the definition, classification, characteristics and constraints of film subtitle translation. The fourth chapter focuses on the theoretical framework. The fifth chapter gives a detailed case study of The Pursuit of Happyness under the guidance of Skopostheorie, which is the main body of the thesis. The sixth chapter gives the conclusion of the thesis, presenting the findings and limitations of the thesis and some suggestions for further researches.Key words: Skopostheorie; film subtitle translation; translation principle; translation strategy摘要《当幸福来敲门》(作者故意将电影名拼写错)这部电影1998年首次在中国大陆上映，受到观众的极大喜爱。
《2024年翻译目的论视角下的英文电影片名的汉译》范文
《翻译目的论视角下的英文电影片名的汉译》篇一一、引言在全球化的背景下，电影作为文化交流的重要载体，其片名的翻译显得尤为重要。
英文电影片名的汉译不仅关乎电影的宣传推广，更直接影响到观众对电影的第一印象。
因此，从翻译目的论的视角出发，探讨英文电影片名的汉译具有重要的现实意义。
二、翻译目的论概述翻译目的论认为，翻译的目的决定了翻译的策略和方法。
在翻译过程中，译者需根据翻译目的，选择最合适的表达方式。
翻译的目的可能包括信息传递、文化交流、吸引读者等。
这一理论为英文电影片名的汉译提供了重要的指导原则。
三、英文电影片名汉译的特殊性英文电影片名的汉译具有其独特性，主要体现在以下几个方面：首先，文化差异的存在使得译者需充分考虑到中西方文化的差异，准确传达原片名的含义；其次，片名往往蕴含着电影的主题和情感，因此，译名应尽量保留原片名的艺术性和吸引力；最后，片名的长度往往受到限制，要求译者在进行翻译时做到简练、精炼。
四、英文电影片名汉译的策略在翻译目的论的指导下，英文电影片名的汉译可采取以下策略：1. 直译：当英文片名含义明确、文化内涵相近时，可采用直译的方法。
如“Titanic”可直译为“泰坦尼克号”，保留了原片名的特点。
2. 意译：对于一些抽象或富有寓意的英文片名，可采取意译的方法，使译名更符合中文表达习惯。
如“Life of Pi”可译为“少年派的奇幻漂流”，既传达了原片名的含义，又具有吸引力。
3. 音译结合：对于一些具有特殊文化背景或地名的英文片名，可采取音译结合的方法，以保留原片名的独特性。
如“Avatar”可音译为“阿凡达”，同时结合电影背景进行解释。
五、案例分析以英文电影“Interstellar”的汉译为例。
该片名含义丰富，蕴含着星际穿越的主题。
在汉译时，译者采用了意译的方法，将其译为“星际穿越”。
这一译名既保留了原片名的意境，又符合中文表达习惯，成功吸引了观众的注意。
六、结论英文电影片名的汉译是一项具有挑战性的任务。
以目的论为指导的电影字幕翻译——电影《肖申克的救赎》的实例分析
以目的论为指导的电影字幕翻译——电影《肖申克的救赎》的实例分析以目的论为指导的电影字幕翻译——电影《肖申克的救赎》的实例分析引言：电影字幕翻译作为一项重要的语言传播形式，在国际交流中发挥着重要作用。
然而，由于语言和文化的差异，翻译的准确性和适配性一直是一个亟待解决的问题。
本文以目的论为指导，通过分析电影《肖申克的救赎》的字幕翻译，探讨如何在目的论的框架下进行电影字幕翻译，以更好地传达电影的意义和情感。
一、目的论在电影字幕翻译中的重要性目的论强调翻译的目的是传达源语文化的意思，而非简单地进行语言转换。
在电影字幕翻译中，目的论的应用可以使观众更好地理解和感受电影。
因此，将目的论融入电影字幕翻译中是非常重要的。
二、电影《肖申克的救赎》的背景和主题《肖申克的救赎》是由弗兰克·德拉邦特执导的一部美国剧情片，改编自斯蒂芬·金的同名小说。
电影讲述了安迪·杜弗雷恩（Andy Dufresne）被冤枉入狱的故事，他与狱友艾利斯·波伊德（Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding）一起在肖申克监狱中建立起深厚的友谊，并最终通过智慧和坚韧的毅力实现自己的自由。
三、对比电影原音和字幕翻译的重要场景1. 原音："Get busy livin' or get busy dyin'."字幕翻译："要么活得充实，要么死得潇洒。
"分析：这是电影中最有名的台词之一，表达了主人公安迪的生活哲学。
原音使用了俚语"Get busy livin' or get busy dyin'"来突出主题，其中的"livin'"和"dyin'"刻画了生活的对比。
而字幕翻译则保留了原意，并将其翻译得通俗易懂，符合中文语境。
2. 原音："Hope is a good thing, maybe the best of things, and no good thing ever dies."字幕翻译："希望是个好东西，也许是最好的东西，没有任何好东西会消失。
目的论指导下字幕翻译成效和技巧研究这个选题的意义和研究方法
目的论指导下字幕翻译成效和技巧研究这个选题的意义和研究方法1、目的论基本概述目的论是由德国著名学家弗米尔首次提出，在目的论下，给广大翻译人员翻译工作开展提供了新的方向。
在目的论中，比较注重翻译作为一种具有明确目标的工作，也就是指在英文翻译过程中，交际性目标将会给翻译工作质量带来一定影响。
在实际翻译过程中，翻译工作人员需要根据翻译要求和目标选择对应翻译方法”。
另外，只要翻译的内容满足翻译要求，就能够在翻译环境中起到一定的交际价值，预示翻译成功。
2、目的论视角下英文电影字幕翻译原则2.1同步性原则字幕和电影中人物对话通常是一同时间内出现，屏幕台词出现和角色口型、肢体动作等相呼应。
因为电影字幕在时间上有着严格要求，大部分电影剧情发展，在屏幕上停留的时间比较短，并且不能回溯。
字幕内容停留时间一般会受到角色语言速度和数量等因素影响。
通常来说，停留时间一般控制在三秒左右。
观众在观看电影时，会根据电影故事发展和字幕对故事情节有一定了解，在画面切换后，字幕也会随之改变。
2.2精简性原则电影字幕将会受到空间等因素影响，只是出现在屏幕下方的空间比较有限，并且规定不可超过两行，每行字幕数最比较多，将会让整段语言过于复杂，不容易被观众所理解，给其观看感受带来影响]。
所以对于部分比较复杂的字幕内容，需要适当精简。
精简的字幕能够精准的表达出电影内容，并且不要过于简短，反之将会造成重要信息丢失，不易于观众理解。
2.3文化差异性原则电影作品主要是结合实际生活进行艺术创造后形成的产物，在某种程度上与一个国家的发展理念、基本国情和民族文化有着直接关联。
我国和西方国家比较，在文化背景上有着明显差异。
这就要求在英文电影字幕翻译过程中，需要从文化差异角度入手，在充分了解各个国家地方文化差异的情况下，分析观众在本国语言环境中对异国文化理解和接受程度。
3、目的论视角下英文电影字幕翻译策略3.1减译法因为英文电影字幕自身具有信息简洁、实施同步等特点，部分电影字幕信息内容翻译要求翻译人员对其进行适当删减，确保观众在观看字幕时能够对电影表达的内容有一定了解。
目的论指导下的英文电影片名翻译-最新年文档
目的论指导下的英文电影片名翻译The Translation of English Movie Titles under theGuidance of Skopos Theory YANG Yongfeng，LI Hongmei(Taizhou Polytechnic College ，Taizhou ，Jiangsu 225300)With the deepening of the cross-cultural communication ，the movie ，as a cultural carrier ，is playing an increasingly important role. In recent years ，translation related to English movies is bringing more and more attention. Movie title is a trademark and advertising carrier ，the translation of which will directly affect whether the target language audience will accept it ornot ，and further determine the movie will be a success or failure in the market. Under the guidance of skopos theory，this article tries to explore the translation of English movietitles from four kinds of translation methods transliteration ，literal translation ，liberaltranslation and creativetranslation goals of conveying thetitle's information value and art recreation. ，namely，so as to realize the，commercial0 引言片名犹如电影的眼睛，是电影最好的名片。
目的论指导下《生活大爆炸》的字幕翻译
ContentsABSTRACT (2)KEY WORDS (2)摘要 (2)关键词 (3)1. INTRODUCTION (3)1.1 Research Background (3)1.1.1 Studies Abroad (3)1.1.2 Studies at Home (4)1.2 Research Significance and Mythology (5)2. SKOPOS THEORY (5)2.1 The Development of Skopos Theory (5)2.2 Three Rules of Skopos Theory (6)2.2.1 Skopos Rule (6)2.2.2 Coherence Rule (6)2.2.3 Fidelity Rule (6)2.3 Evaluation of Skopos Theory (7)3. TRANSLATING STRATEGIESANALYSIS IN THE BIG BANG THEORY UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THE SKOPOS THEORY (7)3.1 Literal Translation (8)3.2 Domesticating or Foreignizing (9)3.2.1 Domesticating (9)3.2.2 Foreignizing (11)3.3 Free Translation, Reduction and Addition (12)3.3.1 Free Translation (12)3.3.2 Reduction (13)3.3.3 Addition (14)4.CONCLUSION (17)ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (17)BIBLIOGRAPHY (17)The Subtitle Translation of the Big Bang Theory from thePerspective of Skopos TheoryAbstract: In recent years, quite a number of western films and TV dramas enter into China,which requires subtitle translation. Thus, the subtitle translation becomes a new field of studies. Humoris crucial to sitcoms, so the translation of the humorous lines will play a very important role in the audiences’ understanding of the whole work. Among all films and TV dramas, The Big Bang Theory is much more popular. Taking California as the background, this sitcoms describes the stories of daily life between four talented scientific nerds and a young gorgeous restaurant waitress. Although the play is inevitably filled with various kinds of scientific theories that are not well known by the ordinary people, its plots and languages are mingled with wisdom and humor, which is largely owing to the success of its subtitle translation. Even though subtitle translation does not have a formal and comprehensive theoretical system, there are a growing number of scholars who are engaged in doing related researches. By exploring the corresponding translation strategies, the author expects to draw more scholars’ attention to the subtitle translation and the use of catchwords which is increasingly awarding during the progress of translating. The author talks about the translation of The Big Bang Theory from the perspective of Skopos Theory. It states that translation actions all have specific purposes which determine the whole process of translation. The author summarizes the three principles of Skopos Theory, and the strategies used in the translation of The Big Bang Theory. The author uses some examples and tables so as to effectively analyze the translation strategies.Keywords: The Big Bang Theory; subtitle translation; Skopos Theory目的论指导下《生活大爆炸》的字幕翻译摘要：近年来大批西方影视剧作品进入中国，字幕翻译应运而生，也成为新的研究领域。
目的论视角下影片《我和我的祖国》字幕英译探析
目的论视角下影片《我和我的祖国》字幕英译探析【摘要】The film "Me and My Motherland" serves as a significant cultural production that showcases the essence of Chinese patriotism and national identity. Through the lens of Skopos theory, this article explores the English translation of the film's subtitles. The analysis includes an overview of the film, an examination of the translation methods utilized, a comparative analysis of the English subtitles, and a discussion on how cultural differences impact the translation process. The findings suggest that the translation of subtitles should be culturally sensitive and contextually appropriate to effectively convey the intended message to international audiences. This study contributes to a better understanding of translation practices in the context of Chinese cinema and provides insights for future research in this area.【关键词】目的论视角，影片《我和我的祖国》，字幕英译，探析，引言，背景介绍，研究意义，影片简介，目的论视角分析，字幕翻译方法探讨，英文字幕对比分析，文化差异，研究成果总结，展望未来研究方向。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
目的论指导下的电影字幕翻译南阳理工学院本科毕业设计（论文）目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译Translation of English Film Subtitle under the Guidance ofSkopos Theory学院（系）：外国语学院专业：英语学生姓名：崔艳威学号：051109046授课教师（职称）：张媛媛（讲师）评阅教师：完成日期：2013年1月12日南阳理工学院Nanyang Institute of Technology目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译英语专业崔艳威［摘要］随着全球化和电影产业的不断发展，电影，作为世界不同文化交流的重要媒介之一，越来越受到人们的欢迎；然而，对于不同语言、文化背景下的人来说，要看懂一部外语电影则须依赖电影字幕。
高质量的电影字幕，不单单能使受众明白电影的情节，还能使电影的本土文化底蕴保留下来，同时又符合受众的文化背景。
不同于其他主流翻译领域，电影字幕翻译起步较晚，虽然在西方相关学者及从业者的努力下，取得了一些不俗的成就，但总体而言，该领域内仍然缺乏完整的、系统的指导性理论。
在中国电影字幕的翻译起步晚、发展慢、参与的人数少，翻译水平不高、无规范性的组织，这些问题的存在都大大阻碍了我国电影字幕翻译的发展进步。
本文以目的论为指导理论，通过对目的论的主要原则的阐述、电影字幕的特点的分析，将目的论的主要原则转化为适合电影字幕特点的翻译策略，并通过电影实例，将这一指导的实际效果展示给读者，希望对电影字幕翻译的研究有所帮助。
［关键词］目的论；英文电影字幕翻译；翻译Translation of English Film Subtitle under the Guidance ofSkopos TheoryEnglish Major CUI Yan-weiAbstract:With the continuous development of film industry, film, acting as one of the important communication medias of world culture, is getting more and more prevalent. However, as for the audiences with different language and background of culture, understanding a foreign film depends on the film subtitle. Film subtitles with higher level can enable audiences be clear about the plots and contents of a film, maintains the specialty of local culture in a film, and adapts to the audients’ culture background.Compared with other mainstream areas of translation, translation of film subtitle gets to start a little later. Though there have been some impressive achievements with great efforts of relevant scholars and practitioners in the west, systemic and guiding theories in this area are still lacked. In china, the translation of film subtitle is late developed with low quality of translation and standardized norms. Due to all questions above, the development and progress of film translation in China is deeply blocked.The intention of this thesis is, based on the Skopos Theory, to try to turn the main principles of the Skopos Theory into the translation strategies which suit for the characteristics of film subtitle through expounding the main principles of kopos Theory and the analysis of the characteristics of film subtitle. The thesis also quotes many film examples to illustrate the practical effectiveness under the guidance of kopos Theory during the translation, which hopes to be helpful to the translation of film subtitle.Key words:Skopos Theory; film subtitle; translationContentsChapter 1 Characteristics and Functions of English Film Subtitle (6)1.1 Definition of film subtitle (6)1.2 Characteristics of English film subtitle (6)1.2.1 Instantaneousness (6)1.2.2 Popularization (7)1.2.3 Brevity (7)1.2.4 Sense of character (8)1.3 Functions of film subtitle (8)1.3.1Identification function (8)1.3.2 Narrative function (9)1.3.3 Aesthetics function (9)Chapter 2 General Principles of Translation of Film Subtitle (10)2.1 Immediate comprehensibility (10)2.2 Conciseness. (10)2.3 Conformance of culture specificity (11)2.4 Characteristics of roles (11)Chapter 3 Skopos Theory and Strategies of Film Subtitle Translation Under the Theory (13)3.1 Overview of Skopos Theory (13)3.2 Rules of Skopos theory (14)3.2.1 Skopos rule (14)3.2.2 Coherence rule (14)3.2.3 Fidelity rule (14)3.3 Strategies of translation of film subtitle (14)3.3.1 Reduction (14)3.3.2 Expansion (15)3.3.3 Use of Simple grammar and four-character phrases (15)3.3.4 Domestication and Foreignization (16)3.3.5 Free translation (17)Conclusion (18)References (19)Acknowledgements (20)IntroductionThe earliest film was in vented by the Lumie’re brothers.（韩丹,2010:1）[1]December 28th 1895, they for the first time publicly displayed their films Exiting the Factory, Arrival of A Train etc. at a cafe shop in pairs.it declared the birth of the film to the world. At the early stage, films were short (duration lasted from 4 to 40 minutes) and silent and had some language texts inserted between the film images to help audience to understand the plot, which could be regarded as the early film subtitle. From then on, the translation of film subtitle has been started. That kind of translation is obviously simple and primary; however, it was the earliest practice of translation of film subtitle.Film industry has showed its vigorous life since the first film was displayed. As the engine of the film industry in the world, Hollywood’s outstanding achievements are the best example of the whole industry. According to statistics, Hollywood films took nearly 75% of the film market share in china, in the 1930s and 1940s. Under the effect of foreign film industry, in 1905, Ren jingtai and Liu zhonglun produced the film dingjunshan (定军山)and displayed it publicly and freely, which marked the birth of the first film of chin. From then on, the development of China’s film industry found its way gradually.After the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, especially after the reform and opening-up policy, China began to introduce foreign film into domestic market with large scale. Watching foreign films became an important way for Chinese to understand foreign country’s local conditions, acquire information, and entertain themselves. Due to the increasing demand and large quantity of annual foreign film production, there were vast foreign films need to be translated. Under this circumstance, compared with the previous way of dubbing, as a comparatively inexpensive and efficient way of language transfer, film subtitle translation became more and more popular in China, because the audience did not have to wait long time for dubbed film versions. At the same time, among viewers there was a growing demand for authenticity that went hand in hand with a better knowledge of foreign languages and cultures in programs. Furthermore, translation of film subtitle met such a tendency that more and more Chinese begin to learn English. The film with subtitle in both English and Chinese became their learning materials. Last but not the least, with the development and wide spreading of internet, the audience could get their films from the internet besides theater. There also came out some organizations engaged in translation of film subtitle, such as UU bird, RenRen etc. All above have make contributions to the development of translation of film subtitle.This thesis focuses on the aspect of Skopos Theory to study the translation of English film subtitle. The characteristics of film subtitle have natively associative property with the content and principles of Skopos Theory. Hence, this theory has practical guiding function in the process of translation of film subtitle. By analyzing the content of Skopos Theory, translator could find theoretical foundation and practical guidance, which can be used in translation process. It may be helpful to improve the present situation of translation of the English film subtitle and make the translation industry more systemic. Another advantage of Skopos Theory is that it can maintain and show the local culture of films clearly as well as be understood easily by the audience after translation, by which Chinese people could get to know more foreign culture through English film. This thesis will quote many film lines, which would be analyzed based on Skopos Theory. Therefore readers may understand the major idea more comfortably.The thesis consists of five chapters: Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the background in which the present study is carried. Chapter 2 analyzes the characteristics and functions of film subtitle. Chapter 3 reviews the contents and development of Skopos Theory and then puts forward the strategies of subtitle translation under such theory. Chapter 5 is a conclusion which summarizes the whole thesis and brings forward suggestion on the field of translation of film subtitle.Chapter 1 Characteristics and Functions of English Film SubtitleThough we are quite familiar with film subtitle, few people can give out specific answer when asked the detailed characteristics and functions of film subtitle. It is of importance to have a clear understanding about the characteristics and functions of film subtitle when we studying the translation of film subtitle. Hence, this part will discuss these issues.1.1 Definition of film subtitleFilm subtitle is a printed statement or fragment of dialogue appearing on the screen between the senses of a silent motion or appearing as translation at the bottom of the screen during scenes of a motion picture or television show in a foreign language. According to Dictionary of Film Art, (电影艺术词典（修订版）2005:220)[2]film subtitle is the general term of Chinese and foreign words appearing on the screen as the form of all kinds of chirography, print hand, embossment, cartoon etc, such as film title, cast, libretto, translation, dialogue, explanation, introduction of roles, place name, date and so on. Deign of the chirography, writing, words size, layout, compositional sketch are all the factors that affect the whole model of a filmAccording to target language, film subtitle could be divided into parallel type and crossed type. The former is used within a same language; the latter is used between different languages.1.2 Characteristics of English film subtitleFilm subtitle has its own characteristics, it will be impossible for a translator to finish translating successfully if he does not notice this point. Film subtitle has the following features which give rise to the special requirements for film subtitle translation1.2.1 InstantaneousnessUnlike books or newspapers which the readers can repeat when they find something difficult to understand, or something interesting, film subtitle just last for very seconds on the screen and then next picture will come out. If audience does not understand the title, what he can do is to continue this process but return them back. It is other case that you watch film at home on CD player or through internet, you can repeat it whenever and wherever you would like. But obviously, it is boring to watch a film in that way. Hence, here comes a requirement that translators must ensure that audiences could understand the translated film subtitleimmediately when they see the film picture or listen to the dialogues without thinking too much of the meaning of the dialogue.1.2.2 PopularizationAs we all know, film is consumed by the public, its audiences are the common people. Therefore, the language used in film must target at common people, in other word, if one film want to be understood by the mass audience, it must use popular words and expression. Sometimes, a film may involves in a specialized or academic topic as well as something local which are unfamiliar for the common people without professional knowledge, in this case, translator should use simple and understandable subtitle to make the audience accept the film. Just as professor Zhang Chunbai said:Most cases，the translator must see to it that the translated dialogue are comprehensible tomost Chinese viewers with a minimum level of education or even those without any schooling such as some illiterate elderly people and preschool children.(张春柏, 1998:26)[3]1.2.3 BrevityDue to time limitation and instantaneousness, film subtitle must be short and concise; it requires that film subtitle should follow the characteristic of brevity to make the audience understand it immediately when film is processing. The audiences have no enough time to follow the plots of film if subtitle is too long. For instance:Rick: It’ll be interesting to see how he manages…Renault: Manage what?Rick: His escape.Renault: Oh, but I just told you…Rick: Stop it…Rick: Twenty thousand Fr says that it isn’t.Renault: Is that a serious wager?Renault: Make it 10,000. I’m only a poor corrupt official.Rick: OK.Renault: Done. （黄琛琪，2007:12）[4]——Casablanca (1942) It is easy to find the sentences with underscore are very short and concise, So that the audiences will not have obstruction when they watch film.1.2.4 Sense of characterLanguage is the reflection of one’s feeling, opinion, values and attitude. Especially in the film, different roles have their unique characteristics, so their language will be marked by their person characteristics. Director is just in this way to shape the character image. Hence, film subtitle should keep balance with the social standing, experience of life, age, education background of a role. For instance: jack sparrow in Pirates of the Caribbean, he is always give us a image with humor and wisdom, so his language is fulfilled with his owe person characteristics.Barbossa: What are you doing?Jack sparrow: What are you doing?Barbossa: No, What are you doing?Jack sparrow: What are you doing?Barbossa: No, What are you doing?Jack sparrow: What are you doing? Hmm. Caption gives the orders on the ship.Barbossa: The caption of this ship is giving orders!Jack sparrow: my ship makes me the caption!Barbossa: They be my charts!Jack sparrow: that makes you chart man! （蔡玲，2010:131）[5]——Pirates of the Caribbean: at World’s End (2007) During the process of fighting for caption, Jack Sparrow repeats Barbossa’s words purposely. In addition to his performance and intonation, we can find that he is so funny. He beat Barbossa by the last sentence. His wisdom is obviously showed by his words.1.3 Functions of film subtitleFilm subtitle has the indispensable function of identification, which has nothing to do with the plot of film. And the narrative function that intervenes in film text to tell audiences the story of one film. As well as the modeling function which is closely related to the style of visual beauty of the whole film and the style of the author.1.3.1Identification functionAlmost all of the films have head leader, tail leader and studios’ logo. Subtitle of studios’ logo is one kind of subtitle which was printed with studio’s name or logo. A studio logo with visual impact and representativeness could win identification from the audiences for long time. Such as 20th Century Fox, Universal and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc. Head leader is alwaysthe first serious of images on the screen at the beginning of one film. Generally speaking, it contains film name, film cast, time, place, and brief introduction of the background. Sometimes, tail leader also contains film cast and the words indicating the end of a film, for instance: “END”, “剧终”，“完”etc.1.3.2 Narrative functionFirstly, film subtitle play a significant role in organizing structure of the film. When subtitle runs through the text of a film, it will divide the whole film into several parts. It is very common in many films. For example, in film Inglourious Basterds(2009), director Quentin Tarantino use the structure that all the chapters are interlacing each other to narrate the story. Through this method, the space time and plots which are so far away from each other are connected together.Secondly, film subtitle has the essential influence in the expression of film theme. During the period of silence film, film subtitle is responsible for not only telling the actor’s lines but also responsible for indicating the theme. In Tom Tykwer’s film Run Lola Run, the header subtitle quotes T.S. Eliot’s saying”We shall not cease from exploration and the end of all our exploring will be to arrive where we started, and know the place for the first time”and S. Herberger’s saying “After the game is before the game” The subtitle skillfully unscrambles the plots to the audiences that the character has to restart again and again.Thirdly, film subtitle could exist as the tie of a film to process the film. Danny Boyle’s film Slumdog Millionaire,adopts the way of television giveaway show to link a boy’s growing experience in a slum with a series of questions. At the beginning of the film, subtitle gives out a question as suspense: Jamal Malik is one question away from winning 20million rupees. How did he do it? Then it gives out 4 questions: A: he cheated. B: he’s lucky. C: he’s a genius. D: it is written. At the end of the film, the answer appears on the screen: D: it is written.1.3.3 Aesthetics functionPeople always pay attention to the effect of subtitle style from the view of arts because the model of subtitle has an important influence on the whole aesthetic feeling of a film. Sharp, color, position, typeface, as well as static and dynamic characteristics are all the factors that should be considered into the film design. They are the indispensable parts of an integral film and components of a director’s artistic conception.Chapter 2 General Principles of Translation of Film SubtitleDue to the specialties of film subtitle, the translation of film subtitle has to obey some principles. This part will explain the principles of translation of film subtitle.2.1 Immediate comprehensibilityAccording to the characteristics of instantaneousness, after translation, the version should be understood by the audiences immediately. Film could not be repeated as a book or magazine by audiences whenever and wherever they like. If the film subtitles are too difficult or too complicated to understand, audiences can not finish reading them quickly. As a result, the audiences may miss some dialogues or scenes and cannot return the subtitle back. Therefore, it is the task of translators of subtitle both to ensure the fluency and smoothness of the film subtitles and to let the audiences understand the subtitle without pay too much attention when they watch film. The principle of immediate comprehensibility is the guiding principle of translation of film subtitle. For instance:Trapp: Mm, Fraulein, it is to be…at every meal…or merely…eh…dinner time…that you…int end leading us all through this rare and wonderful new world of indigestion ?——The Sound of Music (1965)(29) [4]Translation 1. 特拉普：小姐，你，你是打算在吃每顿饭的时候，还是只在吃晚饭的时候，把我们带到这种奇妙的消化不良的新世界？Translation 2. 特拉普：小姐，难道每一餐饭，你都非得让我们这样倒胃口吗？In translation1, “把我们带到这种奇妙的消化不良的新世界”will obviously puzzle audience and it is too long. While translation 2 is much better, this expression suits for Chinese convention and could be accepted by Chinese audiences immediately.2.2 Conciseness.In order to provide enough information to the audience within the limited space and time, translation of subtitle must be brief and concise. For example:Sam: Oh. I don’t know, I am stupid. You tell me. You know better than I would.山姆：我很笨，你是专家。