初中英语完形填空及解题方法课件
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初中英语完形填空答题技巧全省公开课获奖课件说课比赛一等奖课件
一、 完形填空旳特点是什么？
完形填空是一种旨在考察学生语法和词汇知识综合 利用能力旳经典题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数 在220-280左右。文中平均每隔16-20个词左右设空。 学生经过推理判断，综合分析等将答案填入空白处， 使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、构造完整合理。 选材多为记叙文。
二、完形填空旳设空规律有哪些？
二、完形填空旳设空规律有哪些？
3. 语篇性设空 指那些需要联络全文旳情境、内容才干拟定
正确答案旳设空。
I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor
in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to 1 him … achieved all I’d expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He will be a man. (最终一句话)
You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen. Even if you 88 , your parents won’t change their minds. Parents like to show off their family. The best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives. Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that they’ll probably allow you to go to the next two 89 .
完形填空是一种旨在考察学生语法和词汇知识综合 利用能力旳经典题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数 在220-280左右。文中平均每隔16-20个词左右设空。 学生经过推理判断，综合分析等将答案填入空白处， 使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、构造完整合理。 选材多为记叙文。
二、完形填空旳设空规律有哪些？
二、完形填空旳设空规律有哪些？
3. 语篇性设空 指那些需要联络全文旳情境、内容才干拟定
正确答案旳设空。
I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor
in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to 1 him … achieved all I’d expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday. He will be a man. (最终一句话)
You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen. Even if you 88 , your parents won’t change their minds. Parents like to show off their family. The best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives. Your parents will be so pleased with you afterwards that they’ll probably allow you to go to the next two 89 .
中考复习之完形填空解题技巧精品PPT课件
√ 25. A. friend B. friends C. friends’ D. friends’
【2009 ·泸州】
Cloze
Skill 5：background knowledge（背景知识）
All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.
√ 16. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. sax
【2009 ·连云港】
Cloze
Skill 1：context（上下文、语境）
Once a king was walking around a pool with his ministers（大臣）. Suddenly, he came up with an idea. He asked, “How many baskets of 41 are there in the pool?” …. as big as the pool, there is one basket of water…
√ 41. A. fish B. flowers C. water D. apples
【2009 ·黔东南】
Cloze
Skill 2：logic（逻辑推理）
When we talked, I discovered（发现） some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __44__ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.
初中英语完形填空有哪些解题技巧初中英语完形填空ppt
《初中英语完形填空有哪些解题技巧:初中英语完形填空ppt》
摘要：考选以叙事性主如幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热问题等，这类要体上了故事所涉及、地、人物、事件及前因，主题句提供全性质、等这是深入了全窗口甚至能以语句立足从该句态、语气推测全主要容
通常做题者从总体上把握主旨接受作者所传达信息与情感针对完形填空提出了各种多层次、全
方位理技法其以总体把握法、词语搭配法、语法判定法、语境想法、举例对比法重要
这里首先讲以下四种题法
总体把握
要通完形填空短跳空格快速了全主要容
切不可把宝贵浪费别句推敲上
弄清体裁
体裁通常分四种论述、记叙、说明和应用
考选以叙事性主如幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热问题等
这类要体上了故事所涉及、地、人物、事件及前因
3重视主题句
完形填空所用短般不给标题但短主题句往往每段首句有也出现或结束处
主题句提供全性质、等这是深入了全窗口甚至能以语句立足从该句态、语气推测全主要容
语境想
利用上下提示用学知识和已有生活验扫清部分词汇理上障碍
.。
初中英语完形填空解题思路课件(共14张PPT)
例4. Americans like fast food ,_______ it’s bad for their health. A. and B. or C. but D.so
例5.
He knocked at the door and waited for a few minutes,
but ___came to answer the door.
完形填空---技巧实战
例2. When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking… A. for B. of C. with D. to
A、somebody
B、anybody
C、nobody
D、everybody
P
完形填空---课后测试
ARLeabharlann TP完形填空---课后测试
A
R
T
4
P
A
1.
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5
P5 A R T
今天的课程就到这里啦 祝好好学习天天向上
完形填空之 解题思路与技巧
课前小测
P A R T1
完形填空具体考情分析
文章篇幅较长， 字数在350-380之间， 15个空缺
完形填空 - lead in
从前有一位公主，被恶魔施了法术囚禁起来， 一位王子得知了，就想去______公主，路途中 历经_____，但终于______了恶魔救出公主， 最后他们_____________________.
初中英语完形填空答题技巧全ppt课件
三、 真题演练
解析： 89. （前制性设空） 如果能帮助招待好你的亲戚，你的 家长会感到十分满意，也会允许你出席以后的更多的这 种聚会。选项A、B、C与聚会无关，应予淘汰。所以，本题答案为D。 90. （语篇性设空）每日吃饭时，应该想到家长的艰辛。当你说你并不饿 时，家长不但会有内心的不快，另外会担心你吃得过少而影响身体 （Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. …, your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough.）。根据文 章内容，空格处应填入“除此之外”的意思，所以本题答 案为A。 91. （前制性设空）文章结尾告诫我们要少吃零食，要留出吃饭的空间 （Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals.）。饭后也要提出帮助 父母做些事情，尽管有时不会得到他们的许可。从四个选项中，我们可 以看到D项符合饭后可做的事，A项do the cooking 表示“煮饭”， B项lay the table表示“摆餐具、饭桌”均发生在饭前，C项buy some snacks 与上文“少吃零食”的论述矛盾，所以答案为D。
part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to _B___ in front of
all the teachers and students of my school! A. write B. speak C. sing D. dance
后制性设空 例：
作答应注意的问题
• 1．完形填空的短文通常没有 标题且文章的首句一般是不 设空的，要特别注重对首句 的理解，因为它往往提示或 点明文章的主题，对理解全 文有较大帮助。
中考英语专项复习：完形填空解题技巧1PPT课件
Yong Xing Middle School Zhou Yanhong
ClozCeloze
ClozCeloze
Have a discussion!
1.How do you usually finish the Cloze Tests?
你是怎么做完形填空的？
2.What are your difficulties? 你的难点是什么？
√A good for B well C good to
固定搭配：be good for…
ClozCeloze
Skill 3：grammar analysis（语法分析） . （4） Someone says, “Time is money.”
But I think time is __1__ importtahnatnthan money. Why? Because when money is spent, we can get it back. However, when time is gone .it will never be back.
ClozCeloze
What is the subject?
computer
ClozCeloze
Step2: Use the 4 skills to finish
We live in the “_co_m_p_u_te_r_a_ge上”文(语时境代). People like
scientists, teachers, and even students use computers
ClozCeloze
完形填空是一种旨在考查考生的阅
读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合 判断能力的选择题，难易程度与初中 教材相当，词数在150-200左右。
ClozCeloze
ClozCeloze
Have a discussion!
1.How do you usually finish the Cloze Tests?
你是怎么做完形填空的？
2.What are your difficulties? 你的难点是什么？
√A good for B well C good to
固定搭配：be good for…
ClozCeloze
Skill 3：grammar analysis（语法分析） . （4） Someone says, “Time is money.”
But I think time is __1__ importtahnatnthan money. Why? Because when money is spent, we can get it back. However, when time is gone .it will never be back.
ClozCeloze
What is the subject?
computer
ClozCeloze
Step2: Use the 4 skills to finish
We live in the “_co_m_p_u_te_r_a_ge上”文(语时境代). People like
scientists, teachers, and even students use computers
ClozCeloze
完形填空是一种旨在考查考生的阅
读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合 判断能力的选择题，难易程度与初中 教材相当，词数在150-200左右。
初中英语完形填空解题技巧详讲(共41张ppt)
找前后出现的表情感的词 按照“情感一致” 选择正确答案
逻辑关系法
and
One day, his father gave him some ________ and asked him to buy some goldfish.
A. paper B. money C. gifts D. flowers
A. fireman B. postman C. fisherman D. weatherman
“选项+关键词”突破法
选项——名词
Your father turns on the television and the family listens to the ________ make the weather report.
大战完形填空
解题步骤
“2+1”
➢ 两步走 ✓ 结合选项看本句 ✓ 结合选项看上下句
➢ 一回头
解题技巧
➢ “选项+关键词”突破法 ➢ 逻辑关系法 ➢ 词义复现法 ➢ 常识判断法
“选项+关键词”突破法
选项——名词
Your father turns on the television and the family listens to the ________ make the weather report.
A. disagreed B. refused C. started D. remembered
找前后出现的动词 按照“发生顺序” 选择正确答案
“选项+关键词”突破法
选项——动词
“Why do you think,” he asked her, “your grandson wants you_______ special care?”
初中完形填空做题方法和技巧总结ppt
Give a man a fish and •you'll Zhang Yue(Eric) 张悦 feed him for a how to •day;Teach 24 , 2 yearhim working experience fish and you'll feed him •for English Major from WUST a lifetime. •I love English teaching 授人以鱼不如授人以渔
to wake me
up this morning and ....‛ ‚Don't say anything about
it,‛ his teacher 12 him. ‚Don’t try to come late
next time!‛ Sam said yes and walked to his 13
•Try to catch the main idea •Don't look at the answers during the first
reading
提高效率、相信第一感觉、不拖泥带水、做到心 中有数
While doing the choices, we meet some difficulties
Cloze Test ——完形填空
2016
①The general strategies for cloze test(解题技巧)
②The application in the test（实战演练）
First and most importantly ,
•Quickly browse whole passage
When he got into the classroom, his classmates were
to wake me
up this morning and ....‛ ‚Don't say anything about
it,‛ his teacher 12 him. ‚Don’t try to come late
next time!‛ Sam said yes and walked to his 13
•Try to catch the main idea •Don't look at the answers during the first
reading
提高效率、相信第一感觉、不拖泥带水、做到心 中有数
While doing the choices, we meet some difficulties
Cloze Test ——完形填空
2016
①The general strategies for cloze test(解题技巧)
②The application in the test（实战演练）
First and most importantly ,
•Quickly browse whole passage
When he got into the classroom, his classmates were
中考英语---完形填空解题方法与技巧PPT课件
2．精读。精读细研，初填试选，抓住短文的每段、每句及 作者的思想。
再读时，可以运用一些方法来全面地审视填空，即常见完形 填空的7种命题角度：语境推断、词汇复现、生活常识、固定 搭配、逻辑推理、推理判断、语法知识(河北近5年中考完形填 空中并没有涉及过此种命题角度)。
3．复读。再次阅读文章，瞻前顾后，反复推敲，检查答案 是否符合文章逻辑推理。
中考英语---完形填空解题方法 与技巧PPT课件
完形填空是介于单项选择题和阅读理解题之间的一种题型， 旨在考查学生对词汇和语法知识在单句、上下文、语篇等各 种具体语境下的综合运用能力，这就要求学生在解题中掌握 一些方法、技巧。
1．速读。初读全文，跳开选项了解信息，初步掌握文章大 意，抓住主题。
完利于准确预测和推断短文的主旨大意。不 要急于看选项，找答案。应通篇浏览文章，掌握文中的时间、 地点、人物及事件。也不要拘泥于个别细节，否则难以达到 整体上的把握。
My dad noticed my interest in inventing and __5__ me.He showed me how to turn my ideas into plans and then into new things.Once ， I surprised my dad __6__ a model plane I ter，we found a __7__ model plane in a store.I learned that different inventors often invent similar things.It is not unusual for this to happen.I also learned that not all great ideas __8__.Failure is a common part of the inventing.
完形填空解题技巧PPT课件
C.cover C.include monly C.unique C.trick C.memories
D.success D.promote D.theoretically plicated D.lose D.characters
2020省一模 英语试卷讲评
•
If you could possess any three things, what would you want? Eleven-year-
It was then feared that the fairies had come and stolen the baby
away and replaced the human baby with a fairy Changeling… In
those cases there was often a way to get the_____ baby back.
D.official D.editors D.suggest D.created D.history D.unnecessary
The book features essays by authors and mapmakers,many of whom ___50____Treasure Island,a novel about a magical treasure hunting ___51___on the high seas.It contains one of the most well-known ___52___ in literature.The author first sketched the map in 1881 for his stepson.A red X __53___the place where the treasure was ___54_____ .源自1. A. generally
初中英语完型填空解题大招共13张PPT
完型大招
快速提分
1
目录
CONTENTS
完形填空能力 考察
完形技巧（上 下文逻辑）
完形真题演练
2
Skills
完形填空考察能力
内功
外功
词汇辨析 固定搭配 语法知识
经验常识 词汇复现 上Байду номын сангаас文和逻辑
通过上下文中的逻辑关系词推断出正确答案，包括：并列关系，转折 关系，因果关系，让步关系，条件关系，解释关系，顺序关系等。
3
Skills
完型技巧1 逻辑关系判断
4
Skills
完型技巧1 逻辑关系判断
5
6
完形填空技巧 盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
7
阅读理解：真题演练
Passage 1
8
阅读理解：真题演练 1
盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
9
阅读理解：真题演练 1
盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
10
阅读理解：真题演练 1
盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
11
阅读理解：真题演练 1
盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
12
Review
完形填空技巧 盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
13
快速提分
1
目录
CONTENTS
完形填空能力 考察
完形技巧（上 下文逻辑）
完形真题演练
2
Skills
完形填空考察能力
内功
外功
词汇辨析 固定搭配 语法知识
经验常识 词汇复现 上Байду номын сангаас文和逻辑
通过上下文中的逻辑关系词推断出正确答案，包括：并列关系，转折 关系，因果关系，让步关系，条件关系，解释关系，顺序关系等。
3
Skills
完型技巧1 逻辑关系判断
4
Skills
完型技巧1 逻辑关系判断
5
6
完形填空技巧 盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
7
阅读理解：真题演练
Passage 1
8
阅读理解：真题演练 1
盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
9
阅读理解：真题演练 1
盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
10
阅读理解：真题演练 1
盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
11
阅读理解：真题演练 1
盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
12
Review
完形填空技巧 盲填
上下文逻辑词 词汇复现
经验常识
13
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“Thank you,” he said, “but please don’t do that, I can stand.”
1. A. many B. some C. enough D. no （文意型）
2. A. sit down C. set out
B. get on D. stand up
（ 文意型）
（1）根据上下文确定答案
文意型
（2）根据惯用法或习惯搭配确定答案
语法型
（3）运用逻辑推理判定答案 （4）根据词语用法确定答案
词义型 习惯用法型
BACK
There were so many people on the bus that there were 1 empty seats. When a young man got on, an old man near him wanted to 2 , but the young man pushed him back to his seat.
通读全文之后，把握住了整个短文的意思，接下来便是从
整体出发，联系上下文，前后贯通，结合词形、词义、时态、
语态选出一个正确的选项。遇到难以理解的句子或者对某一项
没有把握时，可采用排除、筛选等方法。结合上下文，看语句
是否通顺，语法是否正确，是否合乎逻辑，逐一将干扰项予以
排除，从而可确定答案。这可从以下几个方面入手。
述 语法型、词义型和习惯用法型。
答案的选择较多地受到短文大意的影响
必须在选择答案之前通读短文，抓住其关键 文 词并透彻理解上下文之间的联系，然后借助 意 语境来选择最佳答案。理判断。
以考查语法为目的而设置的空白。解答这
类题需要根据词与词、句与句之间的关系来 语 判断各种时态和语态的运用，动词及其短语 法 的搭配和用法等。一般地说，考查的语法以 型
CLOZE TEST 完形填空
WELCOME TO YANGJIAPING MIDDLE SCHOOL
Summary of cloze tests
题型概述
The steps and skills of doing cloze tests
解题步骤及思路点拨
Practising several passages
1. A. east B. west C. south D. north（
）
Mr Brown began to walk at eight in the morning. Now the sun was about to set. He was tired and hungry. He was walking slowly towards the 1 and his shadow lay long behind him. He had to look for a place for the night.
语法型
2个小题
词义型
3个小题
习惯用 法型
1个小题
2005年 5个小题 1个小题 3个小题 1个小题
2006年 5个小题 1个小题 3个小题 1个小题
The steps and skills of doing cloze tests
解
通读全文，了解大意
题
步
骤
仔细推敲，初定答案
及
思
重读全文，核实答案
路 点
实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。
根据同义词或近义词的用法
区别而设置的题目，有时也借助 词
上下文意思及结构考查形容词、 义
副词、代词和连词的使用等。
型
根 据 词 语 的 习 惯 用 法 、固
习
惯
定句型的搭配以及英语特有的 用
法
习惯作出判断的题目。
型
近三年中考完型填空题分析表
类型 文意型 时间 2004年 4个小题
1. A. east B. west C. south D. north (
）
Mr Brown began to walk at eight in the morning. Now the sun was about to set. He was tired and hungry. He was walking slowly towards the 1 and his shadow lay long behind him. He had to look for a place for the night.
拨
做题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是必不
可少的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知 识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。
完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案处
在整段或整篇文章之中。切勿为了“省时”而边看边选，否则， 欲速则不达，许多地方看不下去，选择时或不解其意，或似懂 非懂，举棋不定，这样不仅失误率高，且费时不少。
D. at （习惯用法型 ） D. To （习惯用法型 ）
BACK
Mr Brown began to walk at eight in the morning. Now the sun was about to set. He was tired and hungry. He was walking slowly towards the 1 and his shadow lay long behind him. He had to look for a place for the night.
BACK
It’s Sunday. Some students are going 1 a trip with their teacher. 2 their way they saw a bus behind them…
1. A. to B. for C. on 2. A. On B. By C. At
实例讲析
Summary of cloze tests
题
“完型填空”题就是在一篇短文中空出某些词（或
短语），每个空白处提供四个选项，要求从中选出
型 一个最佳答案，使短文意思完整、结构合理、无语
法错误。该题旨在测试考生综合运用语言知识的能
概 力。在中考中占20分，每小题2分。
从考查的内容上看，该题可分为四类：文意型、
每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然能承上启下，
前呼后应，句与句之间也一定紧密相连，形成一个有机的整体。 因此通读全文时要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文 的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过，如果不影响答题，可 以置之不理；如果与答案有关，可到第二步选择时再琢磨解决。 另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为它们 往往能够提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章 的中心议题。
1. A. many B. some C. enough D. no （文意型）
2. A. sit down C. set out
B. get on D. stand up
（ 文意型）
（1）根据上下文确定答案
文意型
（2）根据惯用法或习惯搭配确定答案
语法型
（3）运用逻辑推理判定答案 （4）根据词语用法确定答案
词义型 习惯用法型
BACK
There were so many people on the bus that there were 1 empty seats. When a young man got on, an old man near him wanted to 2 , but the young man pushed him back to his seat.
通读全文之后，把握住了整个短文的意思，接下来便是从
整体出发，联系上下文，前后贯通，结合词形、词义、时态、
语态选出一个正确的选项。遇到难以理解的句子或者对某一项
没有把握时，可采用排除、筛选等方法。结合上下文，看语句
是否通顺，语法是否正确，是否合乎逻辑，逐一将干扰项予以
排除，从而可确定答案。这可从以下几个方面入手。
述 语法型、词义型和习惯用法型。
答案的选择较多地受到短文大意的影响
必须在选择答案之前通读短文，抓住其关键 文 词并透彻理解上下文之间的联系，然后借助 意 语境来选择最佳答案。理判断。
以考查语法为目的而设置的空白。解答这
类题需要根据词与词、句与句之间的关系来 语 判断各种时态和语态的运用，动词及其短语 法 的搭配和用法等。一般地说，考查的语法以 型
CLOZE TEST 完形填空
WELCOME TO YANGJIAPING MIDDLE SCHOOL
Summary of cloze tests
题型概述
The steps and skills of doing cloze tests
解题步骤及思路点拨
Practising several passages
1. A. east B. west C. south D. north（
）
Mr Brown began to walk at eight in the morning. Now the sun was about to set. He was tired and hungry. He was walking slowly towards the 1 and his shadow lay long behind him. He had to look for a place for the night.
语法型
2个小题
词义型
3个小题
习惯用 法型
1个小题
2005年 5个小题 1个小题 3个小题 1个小题
2006年 5个小题 1个小题 3个小题 1个小题
The steps and skills of doing cloze tests
解
通读全文，了解大意
题
步
骤
仔细推敲，初定答案
及
思
重读全文，核实答案
路 点
实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。
根据同义词或近义词的用法
区别而设置的题目，有时也借助 词
上下文意思及结构考查形容词、 义
副词、代词和连词的使用等。
型
根 据 词 语 的 习 惯 用 法 、固
习
惯
定句型的搭配以及英语特有的 用
法
习惯作出判断的题目。
型
近三年中考完型填空题分析表
类型 文意型 时间 2004年 4个小题
1. A. east B. west C. south D. north (
）
Mr Brown began to walk at eight in the morning. Now the sun was about to set. He was tired and hungry. He was walking slowly towards the 1 and his shadow lay long behind him. He had to look for a place for the night.
拨
做题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是必不
可少的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知 识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。
完形填空题所给的是一篇意思完整的短文，所选的答案处
在整段或整篇文章之中。切勿为了“省时”而边看边选，否则， 欲速则不达，许多地方看不下去，选择时或不解其意，或似懂 非懂，举棋不定，这样不仅失误率高，且费时不少。
D. at （习惯用法型 ） D. To （习惯用法型 ）
BACK
Mr Brown began to walk at eight in the morning. Now the sun was about to set. He was tired and hungry. He was walking slowly towards the 1 and his shadow lay long behind him. He had to look for a place for the night.
BACK
It’s Sunday. Some students are going 1 a trip with their teacher. 2 their way they saw a bus behind them…
1. A. to B. for C. on 2. A. On B. By C. At
实例讲析
Summary of cloze tests
题
“完型填空”题就是在一篇短文中空出某些词（或
短语），每个空白处提供四个选项，要求从中选出
型 一个最佳答案，使短文意思完整、结构合理、无语
法错误。该题旨在测试考生综合运用语言知识的能
概 力。在中考中占20分，每小题2分。
从考查的内容上看，该题可分为四类：文意型、
每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然能承上启下，
前呼后应，句与句之间也一定紧密相连，形成一个有机的整体。 因此通读全文时要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文 的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过，如果不影响答题，可 以置之不理；如果与答案有关，可到第二步选择时再琢磨解决。 另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾，因为它们 往往能够提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章 的中心议题。