2014对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研状元经验

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对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研经验,完整版考研真题

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研招生目录，考研参考书，历年真题笔记贸大英语翻译基础书目推荐1、庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002。

2、叶子南，《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。

北京：清华大学出版社，2001。

3、中国日报（China Daily）：英语点睛：新词新译4、王恩冕，《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，第三版，2010。

5、金融时报官方网站：双语时评。

6、网站：/7、外贸、金融、经济学、世贸组织等英语专业术语。

8、张曦，《口语与口译300题》，上海交通大学出版社。

9、金焕荣，《商务英语翻译》，苏州大学出版社。

10、赵军锋，《商务英语口译》，高等教育出版社，2009.11、2015年度国家领导人出席的国际会议：演讲稿中英对照。

12、三笔、二笔相应题材的文章。

百科知识和汉语写作书目推荐1、卢晓江.《自然科学史十二讲》.中国轻工业出版社（2007）（矿大）2、叶朗.《中国文化读本》.北京：外语教学与研究出版社（2008）3、杨月蓉.《实用汉语语法与修辞》.重庆：西南师范大学出版社（1999）（北大）4、金元浦.《中国文化概论》.北京：中国人民大学出版社（2007）5、庄锡昌.《西方文化史》.北京：高等教育出版社（2011）6、林青松.《中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》.南京：东南大学出版社（2005）7、张元忠.张东风.《经济应用文写作与评析》.武汉：华中科技大学出版社（2008）9、俞纪东.《经济写作》.上海：上海财经大学出版社10、张文.《外贸文秘写作全书》.中华工商联合出版社11、郑孝敏.《商务应用文》.东北财经大学出版社12、柯琳娟.《公司（企业）常用文书写作格式与范本》.企业管理出版社13、邵龙青.《财经应用写作》.东北财经大学出版社14、伟业管理咨询公司编著.《商务文书模板速查手册》.中国言实出版社（贸大）15、李玉珊.《商务文案写作》.高等教育出版社16、岳海翔.《商务文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社17、岳海翔.《企划文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社18、程裕祯.《中国文化要略》.外语教学与研究出版社19、朱维之，《外国文学史》（欧美卷），南开大学出版社。

2014年北外翻硕MTI考研状元笔记,考研参考书笔记

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2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识考研参考书
《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版
生活常识（2）
个人收入中可以用来消费支出和储蓄的部分，叫做什么收入：个人可支配收入
国际风筝节我国哪一城市举行：潍坊
老年人吃菜应多加些：醋
坐飞机时若遇险情，应将安全带缚住自己的：腰部
通过土地使用权出让方式取得有限期的土地使用权，应支付：土地使用权出让金
假如被流沙陷住，应该：身体后倾，平躺在沙面上
砌砖墙时，码砖的规则是：错缝
我国哪一银行执行中央银行的职能：中国人民银行
如果有猛兽要袭击你，你逃跑时选择怎样的路线： “之”字形
有“金边债券”美誉的债券品种是：国债
远视眼患者应该少吃：高脂肪食品
按我国汽车型号的命名规则，7180型的“180”指：气缸容量1.8升
如果破了伤口，用什么擦可以消炎：盐水
56K 速率的调制解调器，其理论上能够达到的最大下载传输速率是： 7K
沿房檐柱砌筑的砖墙叫做：檐墙
人民币八年定期存款所得利息交税吗：不交利息税
对于拥有剩余资金的人来说，将资金投向哪里既有较大的收益，又安全、便利：分散投资
哪种水果可以止咳：梨
搪瓷口杯是以什么划分的：内径尺寸
夜晚在树林迷路对辨别方向无用的是：太阳。

2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研报录比

2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研报录比、开幕词、闭幕词的含义和作用(一)开幕词的含义和作用开幕词是大型会议开始的时候，由组织召开会议的机关的主要领导人向大会全体代表发表的讲话。

开幕词的内容主要是阐述会议的指导思想、宗旨、重要意义，向与会者提出开好会议的要求，或对会议的成功表示祝愿。

开幕词是大会正式召开的标志，主要领导人亲临大会并发表开幕词，显示了组织者对大会的重视。

开幕词所提出的会议宗旨，是大会的主导思想，所阐明的目的、任务、要求等，对于会议有着重要的指导作用。

会议结束之后，与会者传达会议精神时，开幕词也是其重要的依据之一。

(二)闭幕词的含义和作用闭幕词与开幕词相对应，是会议结束时由主要领导人向全体会议代表所作的总结性讲话。

致闭幕词的领导人，跟致开幕词的领导人一般不是一人，通常与致开幕者身份相当或略低。

闭幕词的主要内容是对会议作概括性的评价和总结，并向与会者提出贯彻落实大会精神的要求，向与会单位提出奋斗目标和希望。

办任何事情都不能虎头蛇尾，大会有一个隆重的开头，也应该有一个郑重的结尾。

会议是否能给人圆满的印象，闭幕词起着重要的作用。

二、开幕词、闭幕词的写法(一)开幕词的写法1．标题、时间、称谓开幕词的标题，有三种写法：一是由大会名称加文种组成，如邓小平所作的《中国共产党第十二次全国代表大会开幕词>>二是由致词人姓名、大会名称、文种组成，如《×××同志在××××大会上的开幕词》。

三是在文种名称上有所变通，如江泽民1999年12月2日《在〈维也纳公约〉缔约方大会第五次会议和〈蒙特利尔议定书〉缔约方大会第十一次会议部长级会议开幕式上的致辞》。

开幕词的时间，加括号标写在标题下方正中位置。

称谓是对与会者的统称。

如果是党的会议，称谓比较简单，就是“同志们”三个字，后加冒号。

如果是国际会议，要按照国际惯例来排列顺序，较常见的是：“各位嘉宾，女士们，先生们”，后加冒号。

对外经济贸易大学MTI2014年211翻译硕士英语真题

对外经济贸易大学2014年翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目：211翻译硕士英语Part I V ocabulary and Grammar (30%)Section One: Choose from A, B, C or D the ONE that best completes the sentence,and mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points,l poInt each).1. The packing of goods offered does not meet our standards. Could you use packing whichis _______ breakage?A. secure fromB. secure aboutC. secure forD. secure under2. All employees will be ______ to learn and use the new computer system if we want to increase our productivity.A objected B. obstructed C. obliged D. obtained3. Non-Americans have a long way to go before they reach that level-720L of soft drinksa year-and that would _____ booming business for the two giants.A operate B. update C. recruit D. translate into4. They have mutually agreed that Party A ______ Party B with the manufacturing of television sets in Shenzhen with all necessary parts and components supplied by Party A.A authorizes B. entrusts C. offers D. appoints5. Please make sure that your L/C will reach us well before the shipment month so that we can ______ shipping space for the goods with ABC Line.A.bookB.preserveC.conserveD.retain6. The wide variation ______ prices for some brands cannot be explained by these factors.A.inB. to C．on D. for7. Although international logistics is discussed as a movement or flow of goods, a stationary period is involved when merchandise becomes ______ stored in warehouses.A.inventoryB. goodsC. cargoD. packages8. The seller shall, at his own _______ , carry out at the place of manufacture all such inspections of the equipment as are specified in the contract.A.costB.expenseC.expenditureD.spending9 Marks and Spencer admits that tradingin recent weeks has shown________improvementA. no signs ofB. no tracks ofC. no marks ofD. no evidences of10. Most people have a bank account wluch allows them to________checks.A open B.take C.write D.charge11. After merger, the two companies are going to collaborate______ car manufacture.A.withB.fromC.inD. of12. All quotations are subject to our final______ Unless otherwise noted or agreed upon, all prices are commission inclusive.A order B.confirnation C.terms D. decision13. Due to her excellent performance in this project, Miss Lin was______to the Sales Director.A.chsenB.raisedC.promotedD.forwarded14. Female customers are the______buyer of Ford’s new model.A.progressiveB.prospectiveC.properD.prospeetive15. Every one-year plan must be_______in relation to longer-term plans, and it should contain the stages that are necessar3r to achieve the final goals.A.handed overB. drawn upC. made upD. written off16. Since the price you quoted would leave us no margin of _______, we must do Business with other suppliers who are offering lower prices for Dinner Sets of the same quality.A.salesB.choiceC.benefitD.profit17. Coca-cola has overcome Pepsi's______edge in Eastern Europe.A.absoluteB. comparativeC. definiteD. competitive18.We shall be pleased to offer you other items which might be of interest to you upon ______of your specific inquiries.A. noticeB. receiverC. anivalD. receipt19. A business owned and operated by one person is called a______propretorship.A.oneB.soleC.onlyD. unique20. Urban wage earners use credit to help them purchase the vast array of________goods, such as automobiles, washing maclunes, and refrigerators.A durable B, endurable C. bearable D. tolerableSection Two Identify Stylistic Problems (10 points, 1 point each)Identify the stylistlc problem with each of the followlng sentences by choosing A, B,C or D. Write your correct sentence on the ANSWER SHEET.21. The candidate enjoys wide support from the voters because of his record he will probably be elected.A.fragmentB.runonC.choppyD.correct22. Covent Garden is London's big wholesale market where you can buy many things. For example, fruit, vegetables and flowers.A fragmentB comma splice C. choppy D. correct23. The hospital decides when patients sleep. It dictates when they eat. It tells them when they may be with family.A correctB run on ma splice D. choppy24.My company is House Fumishing Corporation, there is a ready market forkitchenware in our area.A.choppyB.fragmentC. correctD. comma splice25.Ever since the 19th century cartoonist Thomas Nast to pin a donkey on the Democrats and the elephant on the Republican, cattoonists have been mapping the iconography of American politics.A.fragmentB.correctmaspliceD.runon26. The report, which was completed by the April 15 deadline only through the hard work and long hours of the entire staff.A.correctB.fragmentC.run onma splice27. Different purposes for which money is borrowed result in the creation of different kinds of financial assets, having different maturities, risks, and other features, thus different financial markets.ma spliceB.correctC.fragmentD.run on28. Our results were inconsistent. The program obviously contains an error. A revision of the program is required.A.choppyB.run onC.fragmentD.correct29. It will further help the church in Asia, Africa and Latin America a new pope emerges from those areas.A.fragment B correct C. comma splice D. run on30. After we studied the technical aspects of the proposal and our contracts office reviewed its financial aspects. The proposal, although innovative, does not meet ourimmediate needs.A correctB run on C.fragment D.choppyPartⅡReading Comprehension (40%)Read the following passage and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (2 points each).Passage OneIt might be easier to do something about North Korea's nuclear truculence if we could make head or tail of the cryptic videos it has been posting on the web. The latest shows a dreaming man, some Korean script and a video of rockets flying through space while fires burn in skyscrapers and a pianist plays “We Are the World” at dirge tempo.Is this a harmless fantasy? A thrown-down gauntlet? Should the west respond with a statement? Should it post a video of its own? It is hard to know. Our traditional media are being “replaced” by the internet. But the "information”conung out of the information economy is often hard to decipher, and composed for purposes that are hard to discern. The film academic Stephen Apkon argues in The Age of the Image , published this week, that it is possible to speak of a new kind of literacy, one built on figuring out such non-yerbal messages. At its humbles t level, his book is about the “language”of film, but Mr Apkon has alarger philosophical point, too. Our culture is growing more global. While it still relies on words, they are increasingly wrapped up with images, and it is the images people remember. Elizabeth Daley, dean of the University of Southern California's School of anematic Arts, believes writing today is like Latin on the eve of the Renaissance - the language of a scholarly establishment. YouTube clips and other visuals are the equivalent of vernacular Italian. They are the street language, and the medium for much new and creative thinking.Images have always mattered in public arguments more than we admit. Few people cared that Richard Nixon won the 1960 presidential debates against John Kennedy, so unkempt did the Republicanlook. Mr Apkon quotes a neuroscientist who says people are so attuned to picking up subtle signals that they make decisions about whether they like or dislike politicians “immediately”. And unsubtle, non-verbal messages with a great emotional wallop can now be broadcast more widely. Video of the shooting of Neda Agha-Soltan, captured during June 2009 protests against irregular Iranian elections, spread round the world. In the gut-wrenching Kony 2012 video (100m views in six days), American activists sought to enlist the US military in a manhunt for a Ugandan warlord. Eyesight is the most trusted sense, Mr. Apkon notes, and that means we need to be careful with it. There is a standing danger that the public will grow so upset by images of mistreatment that it will demand the government send the army off to war. This is arguably what happened Somalia in 1992, with America's poorly planned military response to the African country’s famine. In future, Mr. Apkon says, we are likely to need "a combination of scepticism and incisiveness", enabling citizens to "[critique] what is put in front of them with some level of sophistication".That is unlikely. When the passions provoked by visual imagery lead to the same conclusion as the logic of a verbal argument, people are generally comfortable coming toa decision. But when passion and logic are at odds, one ofthem must be favoured.Until recently, it was the essence of statesmanship, scholarship and justice to purge strong emotion from our deliberations. Images today, though, are so plentiful and sharp that they dominate our thought processes. Although Mr. Apkon relishes the immediacy of YouTube, he fears that political advertisers will soon be able to craft stories around "hidden mentalhungers", easily manipulating voters.Cituzens tend to think about voting in one of two ways, First, you base your vote on your identity. You are a farmer, so you choose the candidate best disposed towards farmers. The second theory is that you vote on arguments, independent of identity. You believe a sales tax should replace income tax, so you vote for the candidate who shares that opinion. But today’s image-based communication has little to do with identity or arguments. It has to do with the lowest-common-denominator traits that mark you as a human animal.There is no obvious solution. Even if we acquire the scepticism Mr. Apkon speaks of, certain institutions "go with" cefttain styles of perceiving, absorbing and interpreting information. You would not think that there was anything "Protestant" about the printing press. And yet the press seems to have been a prerequisite for Protestantism's rise. Likewise, our own democracies, imperfect though they may be, are the culnunation of the culture of the written word. Mr. Apkon notes how Kennedy, in those 1960 debates, "tapped into a lever in the psyche more primal than mere facts",In retrospect, that was an ominous moment. Once you find that lever, isn't democracy bound to lose a bit of its appeal, rather like a detective story in which you have been told the ending?1. Which of the following is INCORRECT according to the author?A. Images do not always matterin public arguments more than we admitB. Videos on political issues are the most popular among all.C. Videos carrying messages with a great emotional wallop can attract attention.D. Activists must use street language to appeal to the audience.2. What does the author mean by saying "writing today is like Latin on the eve of the Renaissance - the language of a scholarly establishment?"A. Mdeos are like Italian that served as the street language.B. A video is worth more than a thousand words".C. Writing would face extinction, just as Latin.D. Writing would be less popular among common people.3 What is the author's attitude towards "seeing is believing?"A positiveB. dangerousC. negativeD. useful4.According to the author, what may "image-based communication" influence voter's behavior?A. People might vote on their identities.B. People might vote on their "hidden mental hungers".C. People might vote on arguments,independent of identity.D. People might vote on political advertisers who have better stories.5.Which of the following constitutes the best title for this passage?A. In the unthinking age, seeing is believing.B. Images matter less today than in the past.C. Democracy has lost its appeal nowadays.D.Images in the Information Age.Passage TwoOne November evening in 1989 I was loafing in my room at university when a friend began thumping on the door. "What is it? " I shouted irritably. "The Berlin Wall just fell, " he shouted back. For months afterwards I walked around in a daze of wonder, as crowds ransacked secret-police headquarters and Nelson Mandela walked out of jail. Two lines from Wordsworth about the French Revolution, which I'd read in some article about the 1989 revolutions, kept goirtg through my mind:Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive,But to be young was very heaven!It was the most optimistic political moment I've lived through, my generation's version of 1945 or 1968 6Now we're at the peak of political pessimism. The political year is opening with almost nobody on either right or left expecting anything good. The great questions seem to be: how will an intervention in Syria go wrong? And will the US House of Representatives vote to repeal "Obamacare" for the 41st time? 7 The utopian urge persists; it has just migrated from politics to technology. Instead of developing a political policy to solve a problem, people now develop an app.In politics, you can hardly count all the lights that have failed since the invasion of Iraq a decade ago. Faith in unregulated capitalism died with Lehman Brothers. Then Barack Obama, the Occupy movements and the Tea Party all rapidly disappointed their followers. In 2009 in Copenhagen, it became clear the world wouldn't agree to combat climate change. Now the Arab spring is eating its o wn children, the Russian demonstrators have gone home, and hardly anyone believes in the European project any more. 8 , even before its intellectual underpinning was revealed as an academic paper whose authors had accidentally left important bits of data off their spreadsheet.The western liberating impulse - previously directed at Iraq, Iran and Cuba - has died too. Myanmar finally opened up, and ethnic conflict promptly began. Even people who believed in al-Qaeda are now presumably disillusioned.It’s hard to find a self-proclaimed political messiah anywhere: Hugo Chávez is dead, and Fidel Castro himself says Cuba's revolution has failed. Politicians have been reduced to celebrities who can gain our attention only with Anthony Weineresque private antics.9 Meanwhile a rash of TV series like House of Cards, Veep and The Thick of lt portray politics as a greedy, narcissistic pursuit. No wonder political parties are shedding members at record speed. The last emotion that still animates lots of western voters is rage at immigrants - an archetypal expression of pessimism. Andrew Adonis, leading thinker of the UK's Labour party, says: "We're in one of those periods like the 1970s where politicians manifestly don't have the answers. "But meanwhile a group of people has stood up who do claim to have answers: Technologists. In 2007, just as western economies began to crumble, Apple launched the iPhone. 10 . The latter took time to decide how to use their new might. Nicole Boyer, director of the Adaptive Edge consultancy in San Francisco, explains:“Tech was late to the game for social problems. It took a generation of tech entrepreneurs to make money and then say, 'OK, what are we going to do?'”Now they are busy remaking the world: Google's Eric Schmidt negotiates with North Korea, Jeff Bezos tries to save newspapers, Mark Zuckerberg plots to get the world's poor online and Bill Gates fights infectious disease. “They have something of the white knight about them,”muses Adonis. “There is a profound tech-optinusm.”In this budding tech-utopia, govemment scarcely features. Great technological achievements of the past - the atomic bomb, the moon landing and even the internet - began within the US government. Today, whether people like government or loathe it, they mostly ignore it.Choose the following sentences marked A to E to complete the above artticle.6_____________7____________8_____________9_____________10_____________A. Austerity became the latest light to failB. Since then, credibility has kept leaching from politicians to techiesC. Strangely, it actually turned out pretty wellD. But hope springs eternalE. Mandela on his deathbed still towers over today’s lotPassage ThreeWhere do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides are very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole,we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to the indnadual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasorts the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. "Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs," says a wise physician, Dr. Rene Dubos, "yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed."11. Wluch of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence "Man, ...is part of nature." (Para.1)?A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection.12. What is the author's attitude towards the environmental effects ofpesticides?A. PessimisticB. Indifferent.C. Defensive.D. Concerned.13. In the author's view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of Pesticides_________.A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from the use of pesticidesB. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deathsC. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attentionD. is unavoidable because people can't do without pesticides in farming14. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because_______.A.limited exposure to them does little harm to people's healthB. the present is more important for them than the futureC. the danger does not become apparent immediatelyD. humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning15. It can be concluded from Dr Dubos' remarks thatA. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal withB. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatalC. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cureD. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticidesPassage FourSince 2011, when Stanford University launched its first "massive open online courses", these free, internet-enabled programmes have cropped up everywhere, engaging millions of users. The largest Mooc providers - Coursera, Udemy, Udacity, and EdX - offer free tuition, supplied by universities,often to hundreds of thousands of students at a time. But just a year after Moocs really started taking off, offering the promise of real disruption to the centuries-old higher-education business, user growth has started to slow.Until May this year, visitors to Moocs were increasing rapidly. But since then the picture has become markedlyless rosy. Over the past quarter the major Mooc providers in the US have seen stagnation or slowing growth in visitor numbers. The "summer slump" across the education sector might normally explain this kind of drop. However, this comes even as the major platforms have supplemented their offerings with more new courses and high-profile partner universities.The decline, however, has not been universal, and exceptions to the trend may offer hints about how the market for Moocs could develop. Available data on visits to the major Mooc sites between November 2012 and August 2013 indicate that visits from India have doubled over the past nine months. India still has only about a third the number of Mooc users as the US. But that still makes it the largest market for Moocs outside America, even though it has only a fraction of the broadband penetration. As a largely English-speaking country, India illustrates how Moocs might develop in emerging markets if more content was available in Vietnamese, Mandarin, Indonesian or Portuguese.Furthermore, Indian Mooc users include a higher proportion of younger people, even controlling for India's large youth population: more than 80 per cent of Indian visitors to Mooc sites are under 34, while US and European visitors are fairly evenly spread across age groups. Indians also spend roughly five times as long as average visitors on Mooc sites.Why India? It may be because India has the largest population of university-age students in the world (94m and growing), while higher education in India is inadequate in quantity and quality due to poor govemment regulation and corruption. With 17m students in higher education, India has one of the world's lowest higher-education enrolment ratios, even among developing nations.Young Indians' enthusiasm for Moocs shows that there is an appetite for higher education, with or without sufficient supply of physical seats. But what is surprising is that Indians should be so motivated to visit Moocs when they are not yet accredited. You still cannot get a qualification from a Mooc. So are Moocs only aspirational for young Indians - the equivalent of flipping through a glossy university catalogue - or could they, in combination with targeted assessments, deliver tangible benefits to students and reap a retum in exchange for outcomes delivered?Many Mooc providers are already bundling courses into "packages" that roughly correspond to short certificated programmes. Universities still fear offering Mooc degrees,which could cannibalise fee-paying courses. But that will not stop ambitious education providers in emerging markets such as India offering real-world qualifications.So Moocs could indeed be a disruptive development in emerging markets - where the majority of the world's youth reside. India lacks higher-education places but foreign universities face barriers to entry, So why not tap the Indian market through Moocs in combination with targeted assessments?While it is unlikely that Moocs will dramatically change the economics of going to college for an American teenager, Moocs could be transformative in markets where there is not enough capacity to meet demand for university education. Just as some developing countries have bypassed fixed-line telephony for mobile solutions, Moocs could help developing countries to leapfrog the bricks-and-mortar model of higher education. And universities might be able to do well from them: for higher education, the fortune may indeed be at the bottom of the pyramid.16. Which of the following is TRUE about MOOC?A. Mooc was first launched by Havard University.B. High-profile universities are not interested.C. User number is growing rapidly especially in US.D. India now ranks the second in terms of the MOOC market.17. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the author?A. India's internet penetration is quite high.B. India is a largely English-speaking country.C. India has a huge supply and demand problem of education.D. India's higher education system is poorly developed.18. Whatis the biggest bottleneck ofMOOC?A. It lacks enough funding since it's free.B. It cannot provide qualifications.C. Universities would not offer high-profile courses.D. It stops expanding in the developed world.19. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED according to the passage?A. Provide courses in Chinese and other languages as well.B. Try to combine courses with targeted assessments.C. Develop courses on mobile platforms.D. Bypass bricks-and-mortar schools.20. Which of the following might be the best tide for this passage?A. Mooc witnesses its fastest development in the past several years.B. Moocs might matter even more in emerging markets.C. Mooc will be better developed if it uses the globallanguage of English.D. Mooc will take the place of traditional courses offered in the universities very soon.Part IIJ Writing (30%)Write a report of 300-350 words in EnglIsh, describing, comparing and analyzing the situation of the global economy between 2008 and 2012, and forecast for 2013-2014, by IMF and QNB Group. Your writing will be assessed for language, format, structure, content and length.Write your report on the ANSWER SHEET.Notes:Sub-Saharan = Sub-Saharan CountnesGCC = Gulf Cooperation CountriesIMF = Intemational Monetary FoundQNB Group = Qatar Natlonal Banking Group。

2014年国际关系学院翻译硕士考研状元笔记,考研参考书笔记

1、逆向选择（Adverse choice ）在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。

2、绝对优势（Absolute advantage ）如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。

3、选择成本（Alternative cost ）如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。

4、需求的弧弹性（ Arc elasticity of demand ）如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于-（Q1-Q2）（P1＋P2）/（P1-P2）（Q1＋Q2）5、非对称的信息（Asymmetric information ）在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。

例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。

6、平均成本（Average cost ）平均成本是总成本除以产量。

也称为平均总成本。

7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost ）平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。

8、平均产品（Average product ）平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。

9、平均可变成本（Average variable cost ）平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。

对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI朝鲜语口译考研经验

对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士MTI考研朝鲜语口译不知道自己能不能考上，也在犹豫自己是否有写经验贴的资格。

不过还是希望自己的经历能给学弟学妹们提供借鉴，也算是我能尽到的绵薄之力吧。

我是2010级应届的韩国语专业本科生。

经贸大真是虐了我好几遍啊！大学之前，英语综合能力比较强，大学学了外语，作为男生，我一直特别坚定，要走翻译这条路。

大一的时候不知道在哪儿看到经贸大有中韩同传专业，所以那个时候就疯狂的想要考取。

可后来听说那是针对韩国人的，心灰意冷，就放弃了，打算考广外的研究生。

大三作为交换生，留学一年，快回国的时候看到了贸大去年居然开了同传专业！一万只草泥马啊！所以当机立断，准备经贸大。

回国之后，正当我打算一心一意复习考研的时候，身边发生了太多让我始料未及的事情，以至于我根本没有办法静下心来安心复习。

废话太多了，大家不愿意看的，可以直接跳过。

我进入主题：1.政治我高中是文科生，但从高中开始就对政治极其厌恶。

我不知道马克思和我搞翻译有什么关系，我也很同情，那些可怜的理工科学生，明明抱着一颗赤子之心，要搞研究，要钻学术的，万一栽在这门和自己毫无关联的学科上，将是一种什么样的心情。

所以，毫不夸张，考研之前，我政治加起来看了不过10个小时。

我把这次考验百分之50的宝，都压在了政治上，成败就在这一门上。

因此，想不栽在政治上的文科生门，我强烈建议报班学习。

从冲刺班开始学习，考前一个月开始复习政治完全来得及。

千万不要指望政治会给你多么大的奇迹，没有任何价值，用心复习专业课才是王道。

复习的时候，不要去拿着大纲摇头晃脑背诵，而是考研班的讲义要烂熟于胸，关注热点，时政，每一个专题总结一种答题的模式，遇到改革开放怎么答，遇到评价毛泽东怎么答，这就是大题的思路。

选择题要大量做，巩固基础知识。

不要相信几套卷几套卷，没有任何意义。

对于文科生来说，上了考场你就会发现，其实考研命题人出题的思路就是，在大家都能猜到的，可能出现的热点问题上，让你在了解基础知识的情况下，答案言之有理即可，拿到卷子后，根本不会出现不会的情况，或是一个字都答不上来。

2014年北二外翻译硕士考研参考书及状元笔记,考研参考书笔记

育明教育官网北大、人大、中财、北外、中传教授创办集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班 2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！第二课提取关键信息1（时政类新闻报道文章）一、导语在第一课的介绍中,我们已经知道,本教材把笔译过程分解为“提取关键信息——其他信息补充——从逻辑关系完善译文”三大步骤，其中“提取关键信息”和“其他信息补充”这两个步骤的学习在本册教材，“从逻辑关系完善译文”的训练在下一册教材中进行。

从本课开始,我们将用四课来学习如何提取关键信息并进行翻译。

这课,我们选用时事政治类文章为练习对象。

本课的学习目标是让学习者了解如何提取关键信息，并在翻译时如何按照若干步骤进行操作。

即学习怎样从原语文章中提取“关键信息”，并对其进行翻译处理。

虽然我们在本教材中把翻译工作分成三个大步骤有重点地来进行学习和训练，但是，具体到每篇译文处理时，全都采用了以下4个步骤进行操练，即：⑴分句提取信息⑵关键词语对译⑶按照语法成句⑷按照逻辑修改。

（一）新闻报道类文章的特点和教学目的新闻报道包括多种形式。

从体裁上大致可以分为通讯、评论、特写、公报等；从内容上分类又有时政、社会、经济、体育、文化、娱乐等诸多不同。

我们这里要解决的不是如何进行新闻写作的问题，教学目的也不是要把学生培养成新闻记者。

翻译教学目的是如何根据新闻报道类文章的特点，将其翻译成日语文本。

所以，我们选择较为常见的消息类文章为重点，练习新闻报道翻译时的特点与技巧。

翻译新闻报道类的文章，首先需要了解它的特点。

众所周知，新闻报道具有真实性、及时性和简明性的特点。

另外，在文字表达方面由于新闻报道面向的是整个社会和各个层次的受众，所以措辞要求通俗易懂，只在涉及专业领域时才出现若干术语，而且，句子要求简短清楚，避免使用过长的修饰语句或过于复杂的句式。

对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研初试经验心得

对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研初试经验心得今年英语这科出题难度一般，选择题20分基本都是经贸英语（由于本人是国际贸易专业出身，完全HOLD的住；ps：选择题出题有误！）；病句改错难度很一般；4篇阅读难度一般，虽然第二篇的搭配题有一点点费脑子，分析两遍也能确定答案；作文延续了13年的折线图风格，不过相对来说更容易写，字数规定是300至350，比2013年合理；英语翻译基础是我们考MTI的考生无论如何要极端重视的一科，学弟学妹们复习时，千万要把这一科当作重中之重（~我这不废话吗）！首先是30分的词语英汉互译和缩略词，每一部分都有考过的题，真题固然重要，复习时必须拿过来从头到尾背个无数遍！去年考到counter trade，我没写出来，让我耿耿于怀，今年又考counter trade！（对销贸易），有点造化弄人轮回千百的感慨~；英译汉部分，讲发达经济体和新兴市场经济体当下面临的政策挑战，分三小段，长度适中（2013年的长度让我当场慌了神），难度偏易，在个别专业词语上有难度，比如那个新兴经济体要避免“cleaning”，我就不会，结果翻成了“出清”（我自己都不知道“出清”是什么意思）；汉译英部分，材料给的是中国和意大利之间通过“丝绸之路（the Silk Road）”的联系，要翻译郎世宁、利玛窦等的人名，还有威尼斯和喀斯特地貌，这些个词真心不会翻——平时根本不会准备非经贸类的词汇，这是今年对外经济贸易大学翻译这科最大的变化，不过文章整体上属于非常简单的文体，适于自由发挥（2013年汉译英考政府工作报告那种类型的文章，去年没复习，考的时候太纠结，还好今年没考这种束缚考生翻译水平的文体）。

今年汉译英中“桂林山水甲天下”和“上有天堂下有苏杭”两个谚语（或习语）我分别处理成“the mountains and rivers of Guilin top the whole world”和“Suzhou and Hangzhou are the heavens on the earth”,当是只能这么对付着按意思来翻译；百科和写作，百科复习完全就是投入大产出小，靠的就是运气和知识积累，这种知识积累太缥缈，虽然我去年没复习好，这科也考了120不高不低的分，但今年还是重点地整理了笔记（涉及：《西方文化史》、《中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》、《英美文学和概况》），归纳了应用文的十几种类型并搜罗了一众范文；虽然2013年没考《西方文化史》这本书的内容，4号晚我也在努力背我自己总结的《西方文化史》笔记，随便看了看各种文体的格式；可一开考立刻傻眼了~选择题出的真是太“高中”水平了，问你，欧洲最高的峰，最长的河，跨经线最多的大洋，这种地理知识在我平时复习时根本不做重点~（还好本人有点基础）；不过，虽然出了10道以上的“非文史类”题，但剩下的题目完全都是可以复习到的；西班牙戏剧之父是哪位（维嘉）等都在我自己总结的资料中有体现；10分的名词解释给了9个词语，有联合国、货物贸易、服务贸易等，自选4个，每个2.5分，反正平时没准备，也没法准备，就直接下定义，找特点，挣个辛苦分吧；小作文450字以上写贷款申请，大作文800字以上属于命题作文，只要正常发挥，注意格式和卷面整洁，给分还是很正常的。

2014年北外北二外翻译硕士日语考研状元笔记,考研参考书笔记

育明教育官网北大、人大、中财、北外、中传教授创办集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班 2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！2014年北京第二外国语学院考研参考书《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版山口百恵蒼い時第一回ある朝、「あお」を感じた。

春の終わりのある夜、なぜだか眠れず一人部屋でただ時が過ぎて行くことだけを感じながら坐っていた。

こんな夜は静かに自分のすべてを時の流れの中に投げだしていたい。

何気なく見上げた窓がほんの少しだけ夜よりも明るい色に変わっていった。

見つめていると、窓ガラスを一枚隔てた外の色がどんどん変化して行った。

小烏たちのさえずりが聞こえた。

目覚めたのだろう。

聴覚から視覚へ意識を戻した時、窓全体があおかった。

そのあおは、私にとっては「青」ではない、「蒼」と言う字のそれだった。

その色はまたわずかな間に次の朝の色に変わっていった。

ほんの一瞬といってもいいほどの蒼い時、一日のできごとの終点であり、また新たなる一日の始まりの時である。

まさにいま、私の時である。

いまこの時を私はどうすごしていけばいいのだろうか。

この時までの私がほんとに確実に生きていたと言う証はあるのだろうか。

おそらくこれは人々が私について残してくれたものではなく、自分の中に一つ自分を認めて置きたいという気持ちなのだろう。

いまこの時に、私は私の歩んだ二十一年の日々、そして芸能界と言うある意味では特殊な世界に生きた約八年の日々を自分の手、自分の言葉で書き記して置きたかったのである。

横須賀。

誰かがこの名前を呟いただけで、胸を締め付けられるような懐かしさを覚える。

横須賀を離れて八年。

私はあの町で生まれたわけではない。

小学校二年の終わりから中学二年の終おりまで、六年間を過ごしただけなのに、この思いはいったいなんなんだろう。

对外经济贸易大学MTI2014年357英语翻译基础真题

对外经济贸易大学201 4年翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目：357英语翻译基础Part I Terminology and Phrase Translation (30 points)Section One: Translate the following terms rnto Chinese, Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points,l point each).1. Anti-Dumping Duty Order 6.par value2. countertrade w of diminis hing marginal utility3. holdingcompany 8.treasury bills4. workingcapital 9.zero sum game5. contingencyfund 10.niche marketSection Two: Translate the following terms into English.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points,1 point each).1．即期汇票6．远期汇率2．资本流动性7．最低限价3．抵押贷款8．金融租赁公司4．指令经济9．微信5．机会成本10．雾霾Section Three: Give the full forms of the following abbreviations and translate them into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(10 pornts, 1 point each). l. MOOC 6. ICC2. TPP 7. ITC3. CAFTA 8. SBA4. CFR 9. UNCTAD5. GSP 10. USAIDPartⅡ Passage Translatron (120 points)Section One: Translate the following English passage into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points).Global financial stability has improved over the past six months, bolstered by better macroeconomic performance and continued accommodative macroeconomic policies, but fragilities remain. The two-speed recovery-modest in advanced economies and robust in emerging market economies-has posed different policy challenges for countries. In advanced economies hit hardest by the crisis, governments and households remain heavily indebted, to varying degrees, and the health of financial institutions has not recovered in tandem with the overall economy. Emerging market economies are facing new challenges associated with strong domestic demand, rapid credit growth, relatively accommodative macroeconomic policies, and large capital infl.ows. Geopolitical riskscould also threaten the economic and financial outlook, with oil prices increasing sharply amid fears of supply disruptions in the Middle East and North Africa.The main task facing policymakers in advanced economies is to shift the balance of policies away from reliance on macroeconomic ar,d liquidity support to more structural policies-less "leaning" and more "cleaning of the financial system. This vnll entail reducing leverage and restoring market discipline, while avoiding financial or economic disruption during the transition. Thus, ongoing policy efforts to withdraw (implicit) public guarantees and ensure bondholder liability for future losses must build on more rapid progress toward stronger bank balance sheets, ensuring medium-term fiscal sustainability and addressing excessive debt burdens in the private sector.For policymakers in emerging market economies, the task is to limit overheating and a buildup of vulnerabilities- to avoid "cleaning" later. Emerging market economies have continued to benefit from strong growth relative to that in advanced economies, accompanied by increasing portfolio capital inflows. This is putting pressure on some financial markets, contributing to higher leverage, potential asset price bubbles, and inflationary pressures. Policymakers will have to pay increasing attention to containing the buildup of macro-financial risks to avoid future problems that could inhibit their growth and damage financial stability. In a number of cases, this will entail a tighter macroeconomic policy stance, and, when needed, the use of macro-prudential tools to ensure financial stability. Increasing the financial sector's capacity to absorb higher flows through efforts to broaden and deepen local capital markets will also help.Section Two: Translate the following Chinese passage into English. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points).中意两国都是拥有悠久历史和灿烂文化的文明古国。

2014年贸大翻译硕士考研真题,考研参考书,考研招生人数,招生信息,复试分数线

1/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年考研指导育明教育创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。

更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。

2/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2对外经济贸易大学（原题）33/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：44/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：55/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：66/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：77/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：88/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：99/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：1010/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：1111/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：1212/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：1313/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：14/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：14（1）一般而言，每篇阅读理解只讲一个主题，阅读时应通过段落主题句把握中心。

（2）考研文章的两类体裁：议论文，重点是作者的观点和态度。

说明文，重点是作者的态度，说明对象及其特点。

（3）阅读时看清文章是由几个自然段构成的，同时还要给文章分段，便于更好的回文章定位。

（4）阅读的重点位置时文章的首段、其余各段的段首段尾句、转折处、条件关系处、因果关系处，快速读过的信息是举例子的内容、引用的内容、类比的内容、具体数字以及冒号后15/21【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 15面补充说明的部分。

2014年对外经济贸易大学考研复试分数线

2014年对外经济贸易大学考研复试分数线学术型学位类招生学院专业名称单科（满分=100分）单科（满分>100）总分（001）国际经济贸易学院（020104）西方经济学4568350（001）国际经济贸易学院（020106）人口、资源和环境经济学4568350（001）国际经济贸易学院（020203）财政学4568350（001）国际经济贸易学院（020204）金融学4568370（001）国际经济贸易学院（020205）产业经济学4568350（001）国际经济贸易学院（020206）国际贸易学4568355（001）国际经济贸易学院（020209）数量经济学4568350（001）国际经济贸易学院（020206）国际贸易学(单考)4568350（002）金融学院（020204）金融学4568370（003）国际商学院（120201）会计学4872370（003）国际商学院（120202）企业管理4872350（003）国际商学院（120204）技术经济及管理4872350（004）信息学院（020204）金融学4568330（004）信息学院（020205）产业经济学4568330（005）法学院（030101）法学理论4466315（005）法学院（030103）宪法学与行政法学4466315（005）法学院（030105）民商法学4466330（005）法学院（030106）诉讼法学4466315（005）法学院（030107）经济法学4466329（005）法学院（030109）国际法学4466345（006）英语学院（050211）外国语言学及应用语言学5583380（006）英语学院（050201）英语语言文学（007）外语学院（050202）俄语语言文学5583350（007）外语学院（050203）法语语言文学5583350（007）外语学院（050204）德语语言文学5583350（007）外语学院（050207）西班牙语语言文学5583360（007）外语学院（050208）阿拉伯语语言文学5583350（007）外语学院（050209）欧洲语言文学5583380（008）公共管理学院（120401）行政管理4872370（008）公共管理学院（120403）教育经济与管理4872335（008）公共管理学院（1204Z1）海关管理4872335（008）公共管理学院（1204Z2）公共经济管理4872350（008）公共管理学院（1204Z3）文化产业管理4872340（009）保险学院（020204）金融学4568355（010）中国WTO研究院（020201）国民经济学4568330（010）中国WTO研究院（020105）世界经济4568350（011）国际经济研究院（020105）世界经济4568350（012）国际关系学院（030201）政治学理论4466330（012）国际关系学院（030202）中外政治制度4466330（012）国际关系学院（030207）国际关系4466340（012）国际关系学院（030208）外交学4466340（014）统计学院（020208）统计学4568330报考少数民族高层次骨干人才计划考生进入复试的初试成绩基本要求为总分不低于258分，300分制的按比例折算。

2010-2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研招生人数,复试分数线,报录比

翻译硕士考研指导对外经贸大学2014年复试分数线及报录比研究方向单科（满分=100分）单科（满分>100分）总分线报考人数录取人数报录比英语笔译5583367447368%英语口译55833676118514%日语口译5583355762634%朝鲜语口译55833751222420%对外经贸大学2013年复试分数线及报录比研究方向单科（满分=100分）单科（满分>100分）总分线报考人数录取人数报录比英语笔译5481360515459%英语口译54813606768012%日语口译54813502428117%朝鲜语口译5481350522956%对外经贸大学2012年复试分数线及报录比研究方向单科（满分=100分）单科（满分>100分）总分线报考人数录取人数报录比英语笔译52783664206115%英语口译52783666147713%对外经贸大学2011年复试分数线及报录比研究方向单科（满分=100分）单科（满分>100分）总分线报考人数录取人数报录比英语笔译55833752554518%英语口译55833754047719%对外经贸大学2010年复试分数线及报录比研究方向单科（满分=100分）单科（满分>100分）总分线报考人数录取人数报录比英语笔译50753457795123%英语口译507534511610591%一、十大解题思路1、细节题5个"w"，一个"h"：who、which、when、what、where、how。

（1）题干中可能明确提到时间、地点、人物或事物等细节信息。

（2）有可能针对文章中的一句或几句发问。

（3）题干和选项之间有可能存在因果关系。

（4）解题思路：A根据时间、地点、人物等关键词返回原文；B根据出题顺序返回原文；C根据题干或选项中的重点词或其反义词返回原文；D通过长难句返回原文，一般长难句都是出题点。

2014年对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研参考书目,出题老师,考研经验,考研真题,招生人数,复试分数线7

育明教育—中国考研专业课第一品牌——对外经贸大学英语翻译硕士（口译&笔译）最权威的考研辅导机构2013年育明教育翻译硕士考研辅导喜报·北外翻译硕士百科知识96%命中，作文命中·北航百科知识命中88% ·广外百科知识命中80%·对外经贸大学百科知识命中92%，词条翻译命中80%·北二外词条及文章翻译命中80%，百科知识100%命中·四川外国语大学词条及文章翻译命中78%,百科命中100%·首师大百科知识命中68%，作文命中·外交学院百科与写作，命中78%·北京大学百科与写作命中88%，翻译命中60% 。

梁老师赠言：生命在于奋斗，拼搏就是希望；失败只有一种，那就是放弃努力！MTI homework1Translate the following article into acceptable Chinese in hard copies with a proper format: From Textbooks to Triple CrèmeIn the fall of 2003, Petra Copper was president of McGraw-Hill Ryerson Higher Education in Toronto, then a $47 million unit of McGraw-Hill. At 41, she was comfortable, successful –and bored. The industry was being turned upside down by digital media, and a once-growth-oriented job was now all about cutting costs. “I saw the scope of the job getting smaller and smaller,” Cooper recalls.So she went to work on her exit strategy. Knowing she wanted her own business, Cooper researched everything from art centers to nursing homes before deciding to start a creamery.A foodie and a regular visitor to Prince Edward County, a week-end retreat a few hours from Toronto on Lake Ontario, she got the idea after learning the island had 19 wineries but no artisanal dairies.It was a good opportunity, but not an obvious one: Cooper had zero experience in the field. “I didn’t even know you could milk a sheep,”she says. Rather than making an impulsive switch, Cooper stayed put at McGraw-Hill, using vacations to study cheesemaking, taking on-line microbiology courses, and starting an artisanal cheese society, which helped her network.By June 2005 she was ready. She sold her house, bought 20 acres of land near Lake Ontario, gave a year’s notice, and prepared to move her daughter. Fifth Town Artisan Cheese was born.Yet even the best-laid plans can sour as quickly as milk. Cooper’s airy, modern, super-greendairy building went $500,000 and six months over budget, and she signed an exclusive contract with a distributor who didn’t come through, leaving her short on cash just as the credit crunch arose. She made payroll by investing her husband’s bonus and begging her way to a bridge loan. “I wondered if I was going to have to sell my wedding ring,” she recalls.Last summer the awards – including three from the prestigious American Cheese Society –started rolling in. So did the customers. By the end of 2009, Cooper had 14 employees and $1 million in revenue. Nearing the end of her second fiscal year, she expects to be just $20,000 shy of breakeven, and an angel investor is funding an expansion.Cooper admits that she initially missed the trappings of corporate life, but she knows she made the right decision. “I still bite my nails and worry about my monthly stamp budget, but things are good. You don’t feel dead when you go to work every day.”。

对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研艺术生成功跨考翻译硕士分享考研经验考研复..

育明教育，给人奋斗的力量，未来的你一定会感激现在拼命的自己！对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研艺术生成功跨考翻译硕士分享考研经验考研复试考研心态【百天考研冲刺】最后100天需要注意事项：第一，尽快明确重点，然后拼命背诵。

第二，尽快模拟考试，然后找到问题。

第三，尽快调整状态，然后全力冲刺。

对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士导师介绍2015年复试分数线2014年复试分数线招生学院专业单科（100）单科（150）总分（006）英语学院（055101）英语笔译5583367（006）英语学院（055102）英语口译（007）外语学院（055106）日语口译5583355（007）外语学院（055112）朝鲜语口译5583375招生学院专业单科（100）单科（150）总分（006）英语学院（055101）英语笔译5278389（006）英语学院（055102）英语口译（007）外语学院（055106）日语口译5278350（007）外语学院（055112）朝鲜语口译5278375育明教育，给人奋斗的力量，未来的你一定会感激现在拼命的自己！2013年复试分数线2015年硕士研究生报名录取情况统计表招生学院专业名称报考数录取数（006）英语学院（055101）英语笔译41842（006）英语学院（055102）英语口译64191（007）外语学院（055106）日语口译4226（007）外语学院（055112）朝鲜语口译92272014年硕士研究生报名录取情况统计表招生学院专业名称报考数录取数（006）英语学院（055101）英语笔译44736（006）英语学院（055102）英语口译61185（007）外语学院（055106）日语口译7626（007）外语学院（055112）朝鲜语口译14326招生学院专业单科（100）单科（150）总分（006）英语学院（055101）英语笔译5481360（055102）英语口译360（007）外语学院（055106）日语口译350（055112）朝鲜语口译350育明教育，给人奋斗的力量，未来的你一定会感激现在拼命的自己！2013年硕士研究生报名录取情况统计表招生学院专业名称报考数录取数（006）英语学院（055101）英语笔译51545（006）英语学院（055102）英语口译67680（007）外语学院（055106）日语口译2428（007）外语学院（055112）朝鲜语口译5229艺术生跨考对外经济贸易大学商务口译专业考研经验贴昨天很多同学都在微博私信跟我说希望我写一篇针对艺术生或跨专业考研的经验贴，为了能给有需要的同学提供一点力所能及的帮助，现在我把自己考研过程的一些经验写在这里跟大家分享。

对外经贸大学翻译硕士商务口译考研参考书,导师信息

对外经济贸易大学考研信息对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研经验：初试初试备考过程中，需要看的书不仅仅是贸大的参考书，自己还要拓展很多东西。

首先是翻译基础这门，这门课很重要，必须每天都要进行练习。

贸大给的参考书里面，两本散文基本上不用看，主要是王恩冕的那本翻译技巧，最开始练得时候我会很刻意的去使用一些翻译技巧，虽然显得很生硬，但这样练过一段时间后我们就可以不自觉的使用一些技巧了。

因为刚接触翻译的时候我们根本不知道朝着哪个方向去练，练到一个什么程度，也不知道自己翻译到底是个什么水平，因此刻意地去模仿别人，使用技巧还是有必要的。

在做翻译的过程中大家可以分为几步，把自己的翻译写到纸上，每行之间留个间距，然后再看给出的译文，把自己翻译不好和别人翻译的很好的地方写在下一行并作出标记，然后思考人家都用到了那些翻译技巧。

对于在作政府工作报告这一类的翻译时，要及时总结里面的固定说法及新词热词，第二天练翻译之前把前一天做的总结拿出来看一遍，然后一周在进行一次回顾。

除了这本规定的参考书之外，我第二年用的是上海高级口译这本书，里面经济题材的文章符合贸大的出题方向，值得反复练习，练习方法跟王恩冕那本书差不多，重点都是在总结，思考，自己翻译一遍过后再拿出来复习时可以视译，看看自己再次翻译时会卡到那里，再对照看给出的参考译文。

这两本书练的差不多还可以看一下三笔上跟经济政治有关的文章，再有就是从网上找一些财经报道来练，还有每年的政府工作报告，没有必要全部翻译完，可以有选择性的去练。

练习翻译数量不是重点，重要的的是练得精，自己每作一篇翻译都要有一篇的收获，到国庆以后基本每周练个两三篇就可以，重点是要经常拿出来巩固。

这门课还有一个重点是缩略语和术语的记忆，今年贸大的考题里面还加入了对词语的解释。

关于这部分，大家可以从网上下载一些经济类的术语，比如高盛财经，金融词典，China daily。

记的时候可以将其分类，金融，税务，外贸报关等，这部分也是每天都要记得。

2014年贸大翻译硕士考研状元笔记,考研参考书笔记

育明教育官网北大、人大、中财、北外、中传教授创办集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班 2014年视频课程+近三年真题+笔记+最后押题三套卷+公共课阅卷人一对一指导=2500元 7月1日前报名，8折优惠！8月1日前9折优惠！育明教育，7年专注考研辅导，北大、北外、中财、北外教授领衔辅导！2014年北京外国语大学翻译硕士百科知识考研参考书《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年7月版翻译硕士MTI 词汇05——主席讲话词汇【育明教育解析】国家领导人讲话稿由于其内容比较正式、新颖、规范，常作为考研考察内容，希望大家考研复习过场中多多留意。

按保护价敞开收购粮食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices把处理事与处理人结合起来integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators把有限的资金用在“刀刃上”use our limited funds where they can be put to best use保持经济适度快速增长maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth保监会the China Insurance Regulatory Commission保证国家的长治久安guarantee China's long-term stability保证社会公共需要guarantee social needs保证这些项目如期建成并发挥效益ensure that these projects are completed according to schedule and yield economic returns避免形成倒逼机制、欲罢不能The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and on and require excessive investment.不合法、不合理基金和收费项目illegal and unjustifiable funds and charges不会导致货币过量发行without causing overissue of currency不进则退no progress simply means regression不良贷款non- performing loans不能搞赤字预算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets不再经商no longer engage in trade财政偿还能力our ability to service debt财政的承受能力financial capacity财政监督条例the Regulations on Financial Supervision财政日子将更加难过We will be in financial straits.财政收入占国内生产总值的比重the ratio of revenue to GDP财政收支基本平衡的原则a principle of maintaining a basic balance between revenue and expenditures 拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition产权划转和产权变动the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises 产销衔接状况the ratio of sales to production。

2014年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试初试模拟试2

2014年翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试初试模拟试题（二）1.The commodities you offered are _________ line with the business scope of our clients.A outsideB out ofC outD without2.As we are ________ of these goods, please expedite shipment after receiving our L/C.A in badly needB badly in needC urgent in needD in urgently need3.It will be appreciated ____ you could effect shipment in two equal lots by direct steamer ____you receive our L/C.A. when, whenB. if, as soon asC. when, whichD. will, soon4.We couldn't really afford to buy a house so we got it on hire purchase and paid monthly________.A) investmentsB) requirementsC) arrangementsD) installments5. The designer has applied for a ________ for his new invention.A) tariffB) discountC) versionD) patent6. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget ________.A) dispositionB) discrepancyC) defect7．Individual sports are run by over 370 independent governing bodies whose functions usually include ________ rules, holding events, selecting national teams and promoting international links.A) drawing onB) drawing inC) drawing upD) drawing down8. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost ________ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft.A) restrictivelyB) radicallyC) inclusivelyD) exclusively9. In those days, executives expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for ________, to retire at the age of 65.A) integrityB) denialC) incompetenceD) deduction10. Others viewed the finding with ________, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains to be shown.A) optimismB) passionC) cautionD) deliberation11. The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle ________ was caused by unusually low temperatures immediately before the launch.A) expeditionB) controversyC) dismayD) disaster12. When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are ________ to fall.A) timelyB) simultaneousC) subjectD) liable13. The music aroused an ________ feeling of homesickness in him.A) intentionalB) intermittentC) intenseD) intrinsic14. I bought an alarm clock with a(n) ________ dial, which can be seen clearly in the dark.A) supersonicC) audibleD) amplified15. The results are hardly ________; he cannot believe they are accurate.A) credibleB) contraryC) criticalD) crucial16. This new laser printer is ________ with all leading software.A) comparableB) competitiveC) compatibleD) cooperative17. The ball ________ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A) swayedB) bouncedC) hoppedD) darted18. He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and ________ it in a single nod, a gesture boys used then for O.K. when they were pleased.A) shruggedB) tuggedC) jerkedD) twisted19. Many types of rock are ________ from volcanoes as solid, fragmentary material.A) flungB) propelledC) ejectedD) injected20. With prices ________ so much, it is difficult for the school to plan a budget.A) vibratingB) fluctuatingC) flutteringD) swinging21. At the end of the nineteenth century, to prompt ethnologists to begin recording the life stories of Native American, a rising interest in Native American customs, an increasing desire to understand Native American culture.A. run-onB. fragmentC. comma spliceD. correct22. Ethnologists had a distinct reason for wanting to hear the stories: they were after linguistic or anthropological data that would supplement their own field observations, they believed that the personal stories, even of a single individual, could increase their understanding of the cultures that they had been observing from without.A. comma spliceB. run-onC. correctD. fragment23. In addition many ethnologists at the turn of the century believed that Native American manners and customs were rapidly disappearing, and that it was important to preserve for posterity. As much information as could be adequately recorded before the cultures disappeared forever.A. comma spliceB. run-onC. correctD. fragment24. There were, however, arguments against this method as a way of acquiring accurate and complete information. Franz Boas. For example, described autobiograp hies as being ―of limited value, and useful chiefly for the study of the perversion of truth by memory,‖ while Paul Radin contended that investigators rarely spent enough time with the tribes they were observing, and inevitably derived results too tinged b y the investigator’s own emotional tone to be reliable.A. comma spliceB. run-onC. correctD. fragment25. Since the late 1970’s, in the face of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries, manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity—and therefore enhance their international competitiveness—through cost-cutting programs.A. comma spliceB. run-onC. correctD. fragment26. However, from 1978 through 1982, productivity—the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input—did not improve, while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following, they ran 25 percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier, post-1945 upturns.A. comma spliceB. run-onC. correctD. fragment27. At the same time, it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implementcost-cutting and the more they lost their competitive edge.A. comma spliceB. run-onC. correctD. fragment28. Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so, in part, by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology.A. comma spliceB. run-onC. correctD. fragment29. She continued teaching，however her heart was not in it.A. comma spliceB. run-onC. correctD. fragment30. Many students attend classes all morning and work all afternoon and then they have to study at night so they are usually exhausted by the weekend.A. stringy sentenceB. run-onC. correctD. fragmentPassage1The number of women directors appointed to corporate boards in the United States has increased dramatically, but the ratio of female to male directors remains low. Although pressure to recruit women directors, unlike that to employ women in the general work force, does not derive from legislation, it is nevertheless real.Although small companies were the first to have women directors, large corporations currently have a higher percentage of women on their boards. When the chairs of these large corporations began recruiting women to serve on boards, they initially sought women who were chief executive officers (CEO’s) of large corporations. However, such women CEO’s are still rare. In additi on, the ideal of six CEO’s (female or male) serving on the board of each of the largest corporations is realizable only if every CEO serves on six boards. This raises the specter of director over-commitment and the resultant dilution of contribution. Consequently, the chairs next sought women in business who had the equivalent of CEO experience. However, since it is only recently that large numbers of women have begun to rise in management, the chairs began to recruit women of high achievement outside the business world. Many such women are well known for their contributions in government, education, and the nonprofit sector. The fact that the women from these sectors who were appointed were often acquaintances of the boards’ chairs seems quite reasonable: chairs have always considered it important for directors to interact comfortably in the boardroom.Although many successful women from outside the business world are unknown to corporate leaders, these women are particularly qualified to serve on boards because of the changing nature of corporations. Today a company’s ability to be responsive to the concerns of the community and the environment can influence that company’s growth and survival. Women are uniquely positioned to be responsive to some of these concerns. Although conditions have changed, it should be remembered that most directors of both sexes are over fifty years old. Women of that generation were often encouraged to direct their attention toward efforts to improve the community. This fact is reflected in the career development of most of the outstandinglysuccessful women of the generation now in their fifties, who currently serve on corporate boards: 25 percent are in education and 22 percent are in government, law, and the nonprofit sector.One organization of women directors is helping business become more responsive to the changing needs of society by raising the level of corporate awareness about social issues, such as problems with the economy, government regulation, the aging population, and the environment. This organization also serves as a resource center of information on accomplished women who are potential candidates for corporate boards.31. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the followingstatements about achievement of the ―ideal‖ mentioned in line 14?(A) It has only recently become a possibility.(B) It would be easier to meet if more CEO’s were women.(C) It is very close to being a reality for most corporate boards.(D) It might affect the quali ty of directors’ service to corporations.32. According to the passage, the pressure to appoint women to corporate boards differs from thepressure to employ women in the work force in which of the following ways?(A) Corporate boards are under less pressure because they have such a small number ofopenings.(B) Corporate boards have received less pressure from stockholders, consumers, and workerswithin companies to include women on their boards.(C) Corporate boards have received less pressure from the media and the public to includewomen on their boards.(D) Corporations are not subject to statutory penalty for failing to include women on theirboards.33. All of the following are examples of issues that the organization described in the lastparagraph would be likely to advise corporations on EXCEPT(A) long-term inflation(B) health and safety regulations(C) retirement and pension programs(D) how to develop new markets34. It can be inferred from the passage that, when seeking to appoint new members to acorpo ration’s board, the chair traditionally looked for candidates who(A) had legal and governmental experience(B) had experience dealing with community affairs(C) could work easily with other members of the board(D) were already involved in establishing policy for that corporation35. According to the passage, which of the following is true about women outside the businessworld who are currently serving on corporate boards?(A) Most do not serve on more than one board.(B) A large percentage will eventually work on the staff of corporations.(C) Most were already known to the chairs of the board to which they were appointed.(D) A larger percentage are from government and law than are from the nonprofit sector. Passage2In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is a group-level phenomenon, in that it is largely dependent upon social-group resources for its development. Specifically, this analysis indicates that support networks play a critical role in starting and maintaining minority business enterprises by providing owners with a range of assistance, from the informal encouragement of family members and friends to dependable sources of labor and clientele from the owne r’s ethnic group. Such self-help networks, which encourage and support ethnic minority entrepreneurs, consist of ―primary‖ institutions, those closest to the individual in shaping his or her behavior and beliefs. They are characterized by the face-to-face association and cooperation of persons united by ties of mutual concern. They form an intermediate social level between the individual and larger ―secondary‖ institutions based on impersonal relationships. Primary institutions comprising the support network include kinship, peer, and neighborhood or community subgroups.A major function of self-help networks is financial support. Most scholars agree that minority business owners have depended primarily on family funds and ethnic community resources for investment capital. Personal savings have been accumulated, often through frugal living habits that require sacrifices by the entire family and are thus a product of long-term family financial behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives, forthcoming because of group obligation rather than narrow investment calculation, have supplemented personal savings. Individual entrepreneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources. They may actually avoid banks because they assume that commercial institutions either cannot comprehend the special needs of minority enterprise or charge unreasonably high interest rates.Within the larger ethnic community, rotating credit associations have been used to raise capital. These associations are informal clubs of friends and other trusted members of the ethnic group who make regular contributions to a fund that is given to each contributor in rotation. One author estimates that 40 percent of New York Chinatown firms established during 1900-1950 utilized such associations as their initial source of capital. However, recent immigrants and third or fourth generations of older groups now employ rotating credit associations only occasionally to raise investment funds. Some groups, like Black Americans, found other means of financialsupport for their entrepreneurial efforts. The first Black-operated banks were created in the late nineteenth century as depositories for dues collected from fraternal or lodge groups, which themselves had sprung from Black churches. Black banks made limited investments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants in American cities organized many building and loan associations to provide capital for home construction and purchase. They, in turn, provided work for many Irish home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic and minority groups followed similar practices in founding ethnic-directed financial institutions.36. Based on the information in the passage, it would be LEAST likely for which of the followingpersons to be part of a self-help network?(A) The entrepreneur’s childhood friend(B) The entrepreneur’s aunt(C) The entrepreneur’s religious leader(D) The entrepreneur’s banker37. Which of the following illustrates the working of a self-help support network, as suchnetworks are described in the passage?(A) A public high school offers courses in book-keeping and accounting as part of itsopen-enrollment adult education program.(B) The local government in a small city sets up a program that helps teen-agers find summerjobs.(C) A major commercial bank offers low-interest loans to experienced individuals who hopeto establish their own businesses.(D) A neighborhood-based fraternal organization develops a program of on-the-job trainingfor its members and their friends.38. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rotating credit associations?(A) They were developed exclusively by Chinese immigrants.(B) They accounted for a significant portion of the investment capital used by Chineseimmigrants in New York in the early twentieth century.(C) Third-generation members of an immigrant group who started businesses in the 1920’swould have been unlikely to rely on them.(D) They were frequently joint endeavors by members of two or three different ethnic groups.39. The passage best supports which of the following statements?(A) A minority entrepreneur who had no assistance from family members would not be ableto start a business.(B) Self-help networks have been effective in helping entrepreneurs primarily in the last 50years.(C) Minority groups have developed a range of alternatives to standard financing of businessventures.(D) The financial institutions founded by various ethnic groups owe their success to theirunique formal organization.40. Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?(A) An argument is delineated, followed by a counter-argument.(B) An assertion is made and several examples are provided to illustrate it.(C) A situation is described and its historical background is then outlined.(D) An example of a phenomenon is given and is then used as a basis for general conclusions. Passage3Obamacare’s Fatal FlawObamacare, officially known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, is thehealth-insurance program enacted by US President Barack Obama and Congressional Democrats over the unanimous opposition of congressional Republicans. It was designed to cover those Americans without private or public health insurance – about 15% of the US population.Opponents of Obamacare have failed to stop it in the courts and, more recently, in Congress. The program was therefore formally launched on October 1. Although it has been hampered by a wide range of computer problems and other technical difficulties, the program is likely to be operating by sometime in 2014.The big question is whether it will function as intended and survive permanently. There is a serious risk that it will not.The potentially fatal flaw in Obamacare is the very same feature that appeals most to its supporters: the ability of even those with a serious preexisting health condition to buy insurance at the standard premium.That feature will encourage those who are not ill to become or remain uninsured until they have a potentially costly medical diagnosis. The resulting shift in enrollment away from low-cost healthypatients to those with predictably high costs will raise insurance companies’ cost per insured person, driving up the premiums that they must charge. ⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽41⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽With this in mind, Obamacare’s drafters made the purchase of insurance ―mandatory.‖ More specifically, employers with more than 50 employees will be required after 2014 to purchase an approved insurance policy for their ―full-time‖ employees. Individuals who do not receive insurance from their employers are required to purchase insurance on their own, with low-income buyers receiving a government subsidy.⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽42⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽. Employers can avoid the mandate by reducing an employee’s workweek to less than 30 hours (which the law defines as full-time employment). But even for full-time employees, firms can opt to pay a relatively small fine rather than provide insurance. That fine is $2,000 per employee, much less than the current average premium of $16,000 foremployer-provided family policies.Not providing insurance and paying the fine is a particularly attractive option for a firm if its employees have incomes that entitle them to the government subsidies (which are now available to anyone whose income is below four times the poverty level). Rather than incur the cost of the premium for an approved policy, a smart employer can pay the fine for not providing insurance and increase employees’ pay by enough so that they have more spendable cash after purchasing the subsidized insurance policy. Even after both payments, employers can be better off financially. News reports indicate that many employers are already taking such steps.But the biggest danger to Obamacare’s survival is that many individuals who do not receive insurance from their employer will choose not to insure themselves and will instead pay the fine of just 1% of income (rising permanently after 2015 to 2.5%). The preferred alternative for these individuals is to wait to buy insurance until they are ill and are facing large medical bills.That wait-to-insure strategy makes sense if the medical condition is a chronic disease like diabetes or a condition requiring surgery, like cancer or a hernia. In either case, the individual would be able to purchase insurance after he or she receives the diagnosis.⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽43⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽. In those cases, the individual would not have time to purchase the health insurance that the law allows. If they are not insured in advance, they will face major hospital bills that could cause serious financial hardship or even cause them not to receive needed care. Anyonecontemplating that prospect might choose to forego the wait-to-insure strategy and enroll immediately.But private insurance companies could solve that problem by creating a new type of ―emergency insurance‖ that would make enrolling now unnecessary and allow individuals to take advantage of the wait-to-insure option. Such insurance would cover the costs that a patient would incur after a medical event that left no time to purchase the policies offered in the Obamacare insurance exchanges. Emergency insurance might also cover the cost of care until the ―open enrollment‖ period for purchasing insurance at the end of each year (if political pressure does not lead to the repeal of that temporary barrier to insurance).This type of insurance is very different from existing high-deductible policies. Given the very limited scope and unpredictable nature of the conditions that it would cover, the premium for such a policy would be very low. ⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽44⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽. But the combination of emergency insurance and the wait-to-insure strategy would still be financially preferable for many individuals, and the number would grow as premiums are driven higher.Employers with a large number of full-time employees could encourage their existing insurance companies to create the emergency policies. They might even choose to self-insure the emergency risk for their employees.The ―wait-to-insure‖ option could cause the number of insured individuals to decline rapidly as premiums rise for those who remain insured. In this scenario, the unraveling of Obamacare could lead to renewed political pressure from the left for a European-style single-payer health-care system.But it might also provide an opportunity for a better plan: eliminate the current enormously expensive tax subsidy for employer-financed insurance and use the revenue savings to subsidize everyone to buy comprehensive private insurance policies with income-related copayments.⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽45⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽⎽.A. But what about conditions like a heart attack or injuries sustained in an automobile accident?B. It would not satisfy the broad coverage requirements that Obamacare mandates, forcing individuals to pay the relatively small penalty for being uninsured and to incur the subsequent cost of buying a full policy if one is needed later.C. That restructuring of insurance would simultaneously protect individuals, increase labor mobility, and help to control health-care costs.D. But neither the employer mandate nor the personal requirement is likely to prove effective.E. As premiums rise, even more relatively healthy individuals will be encouraged to forego insurance until illness strikes, causing average costs and premiums to rise further.Passage 4 head listings (10 points)PART THREE WRITING (30 points)Keys:PART1 SECTION11-5 BBBDD 6-10 DCDCC 11-15 DDCBA 16-20 CBCCBSECTION221-25 BADDC 26-30 ABCBA21……… , a rising interest in Native American customs and an increasing desire to understand Native American culture prompted ethnologists to begin recording the life stories of Native American.22. ……fi eld observations, and they believed that the personal stories…….23. …….. preserve for posterity as much information as…….24……… information. Franz Boa s, for example, described………..26. ………. improv e, and while the……..27……………cost-cutting, the more they lost29. She continued teaching，although her heart was not in it.30. After attending classes all morning, working all afternoon, and studying at night, many students are exhausted by the weekend.Or: Many students attend classes all morning and work all afternoon. Then, they have to study at night. As a result, they are usually exhausted by the weekend.PART 231-35 DDDCC 36-40 DDBCB 41-45 EDABCParagraph i --------eParagraph ii-------dParagraph iii-------aParagraph iv-----fParagraph v------bParagraph vi--------cWriting。

对外经贸大学日语翻硕考研经验

高译教育-对外经贸大学日语翻硕考研经验复试结果终于出来了;我也终于通过自己的努力考上了梦想中的大学很梦想的专业;也算是实现了人生规划的第一步吧..鉴于准备考研期间的种种困难与种种疑惑;今天我将自己的一些考研心得和考研经验写下来;给各位准备参加考研的同学做一个参考..大家还是要结合自己的实际情况合理安排学习计划和准备复习的参考资料..下面进入正题;我来按考试科目说一下我复习的方法和经验..一、日语翻译基础既然是考翻译硕士;那翻译的重要性不言而喻..翻译分为日译汉和汉译日..1、汉语译日语这个最重要;因为在我看来;汉语译日语是一个必须通过每天一点一滴的积累;每天不断的练习来提高的;而且只要每天不断的练习;无论你多么的没有天赋;你都绝对可以提高到非常非常高的水平的..所以请记住;汉译日的窍门;关键就是练习练习再练习;积累积累在积累;背诵背诵再背诵..我是这样复习的：1准备一个大厚本或者一打稿纸;每天大概花一个小时的时间;把一篇汉语文章翻译为日语..2之后要花一个半小时到两个小时的时间去对照答案;查字典;把不会翻译的;翻译错的全部记在一个本子上;然后只要一有时间;就开始被这个本子..这一步非常的重要;是重中之重;如果你能坚持两个月;那你翻译的水平绝对会有无数次质的飞跃..3当你把手头的材料翻译一轮之后;可以开始第二轮翻译;就是说一篇文章或者一段话至少要翻译两篇;有哦写自己觉得好的文章可以翻译三遍..当然了;这个反复的时间段是根据自己的安排决定的..4通过练习汉译日;可以有效的提高自己的日语写作水平..因为你在背诵各种单词词组;好词好句的翻译方法时;就会无形中知道很多写作中用到的词汇..2、日语译汉语：这个我个人认为是取决于一个人的语文水平的;而语文水平大部分取决于自己平时的积累和涉猎;可以在生活中注意平时用工;每天花一个小时左右的时间练习以下..我个人觉得汉译日才是重点;应该把主要精力投入到汉译日方面..3、需注意的一点：在翻译完后对答案查字典也就是分析的时候;要时刻想着;汉译日与日译汉是相通的..你在日译汉的过程中看到的一些方法;很有可能马上就能用到你汉译日的时间中..分析的时候一定要投入大量的精力;精神高度集中的去分析;偏重汉译日;注重两者之间的关系与结合;共同促进..4、翻译体裁的选择：由于对外经贸大学是侧重于经济、贸易、国建关系、政治一类体裁的;所以翻译时的重点方向也不言而喻了..小说、散文、新闻、口语对话之类的基本上可以不练了反正我是没练过;多多练习以上我所说的那些正规体裁的文章..我相信大家通过自己的世纪准备就会发现哪些文章可以翻译;哪些文章翻译了也提高不了多少的..请注意：翻译材料的选择至关重要;如果你翻译练习的方向错了;那你考上的几率就很小了..5、由于考试的时候还会有单词的翻译;所以请准备一个本;把一些专业词汇的翻译方法及下来吧..这些词汇可以网上去找;可以从书中找;也可以从你翻译的文章中找..我的方法是每天都会在本上记下若干专业词汇写中文背日文;两到三个国家及其手都写中文背日语;一个日本谚语;三个缩略语;然后反复的背..例如：浮动汇率、金融衍生产品、黑市汇率、期权、期货、批发商、承包商、阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯、ROA、UNESCO、能ある鹰は爪を隠す..6、我所用过的资料：12012年政府工作报告网上下载：之所以推荐2012年;是因为网上有中英编译局所翻译的权威日语版本一定要找到这个..政府工作报告是练习汉语译日语的黄金材料;也是给汉译日打下良好基础的材料;更是准备专业词汇的好材料;同时也是准备CATTI二级翻译不可不练的材料..当然;并不是要把政府工作报告全部翻译一边;还是那句话;要找到你觉得对你考验有用的段落去练;没用的段落练了只是浪费时间..2天声人语沪江论坛下载：这个是练习日语译汉语的黄金材料;但是不适合考研..原因就是它的用语太过简单;而且基本上不符合我们考试的材料..当然如果你不是为了考研;这个是很能培养你汉语文采的..我基本上是一周练习两到三篇..绝不多练;没用..3全国翻译资格考试三级笔译实务、三级口译实务、三级笔译全真模拟试题、二级笔译实务、二级口译实务、二级笔译全真模拟试题外文出版社..里面的材料非常的丰富;但是实务书中的材料有很多对于考对外经贸来说没有什么太大的用处;所以自己一定要选择适合的材料练习..全真模拟试题中的材料可以都翻译..4全国翻译资格考试日语2、3级笔译模拟试题大连理工大学出版社：这本书好像已经绝版了;不过能找到的话这个是很好的翻译材料;里面的汉语译日语我每篇文章都练习了3遍..日语译汉语的材料太烂了;就别看了..5商务日语翻译、商务日语文章选读对外经济贸易大学出版社：这两本书很好;对考研很有帮助..6实用日语口译教程宇航出版社：这本书非常好;强烈建议..7新编日汉汉日同声传译教程外语教学与研究出版社8汉译日翻译教程应该就是这个名字商务印书馆;苏琦编9CATTI官网上可以下载一份2004年的笔译实务试卷;也是不错的联系材料..还有一些资料一时想不起来了..总之考研就是要投入心血投入金钱的..多去书店转转;多看看翻译的材料;觉得哪本书好就买下来吧;将来也会用的到的..二、翻译硕士日语1、考试项目语法：可以从淘宝上买对外经济贸易大学历年学说真题;好好看历年的语法题;今年基本上都是出自历年真题..阅读：个人方法不同了;相信大家通过一级和专八考试都有自己的一套方法了..作文：我没有练过;我觉得作文水平的提高都要归功于我的汉译日..大家有时间还是练练吧..2、我用过的资料：1日语N1语法强化、日语N1阅读强化、日语N1全真模拟试题华东理工大学出版社;新世界日语许小明编..2其他资料我也没什么建议的;总之大家按照一级专八复习就行了;这是日积月累的;功夫都在平时;我也说不出到底是怎么复习的;因为我基本没怎么复习这一科目;我大部分的时间精力都投入到翻译上面了..三、汉语百科及写作这部分我没有复习的太早;是十月份以后才开始复习的..应用文写作是从十一月才开始的因为我觉得之前的大量时间应该给翻译;所以;大家视自己的情况来定吧..按考试的内容来说：1、前20个选择题：实践证明;那本中国文化概论是一点用也没有的..今年和去年关于中国文化的考题全部出自于1998-2005年对外汉语教师资格考试中国文学与中国文化这一考试科目..可以从网上把这些卷子下载下来去背就行了;也可以去网上买那本林青松出的具体书名参考对外经贸2011年2010年参考书目;当然;有可能有的考点并不是原题;而是原题的改变版;所以一道题要做到举一反三;无论这道题怎么问;你都会背就可以了..但是;还是要强调这只是参考;要做好学校出题风格改变的准别;积极备考..2、后20个选择题：实践证明;今年那本西方文化史也是一点用没有..这部分考得太偏了;我是完全蒙的..听说需要复习英语专八里面的英美文化..大家看情况准备吧..3、四个名词解释：关键在于平时积累..4、应用文写作：我用的是两本书;第一本是对外经贸的参考书;第二本是应用文写作..我是从十一月中旬才开始准备的;找了一个本子;参考以上两本书和其他公文写作的书每天总结一种文体;把它背下来就行了..这部分考察的基本上就是格式和实用性;文采不文采的谈不上;关键是格式..当然;这部分请尽量多看看其他学校的翻译硕士考题;看看他们都考了什么文体;把各个学校的这一部分都看一遍;把那些格式背会了;基本就能拿分了..这部分是送分的..5、大作文：前几年的大作文都是考得看图写议论文;之后考了一篇商业策划书;结果一片哗然..今年果然不出所料接着又考了市场分析报告;不过今年大家都已有所准备..据说对外经贸是每隔2、3年换一次出题风格..1如果考了议论文;那么请你不用担心;因为议论文是最好写的了;老师看重的是你的思想;不是你的文采..2如果考了类似的策划书;那么更不用担心了;因为这种策划书都是考格式的;总结出属于自己的格式;踏踏实实的背下来就行了..我当时准备的时候参考了很多市场营销的参考书;经济文写作的参考书..自己总结了营销策划书;商业策划书;市场分析报告这三类;当时心里真的很担心;万一出一个自己不会的怎么办;好在这几类文体都是相通的;基本上如果你自己真的总结了两三种以后你就会发现他们的相似点了..所以大家时间充裕的话还是多准备一些吧..。