4 雅思阅读之判断题 C7T4P1

常考词汇：词条：记住它们，运用到你的听、说、读、写中去，成功就属于你。

1.pyramid金字塔2.conventional传统的3.slave奴隶4.dragged拖曳5.on sledges在雪橇上，在垫板上6.back up支持7.Californian加州人8.consultant顾问9.peruse查阅10.monument纪念碑11.hieroglyph象形符号12.posture姿势13.giant巨大的14. a heavy object重物15.intrigue使感兴趣16.aeronautics航空学17.professor教授18.fascinate着迷19.spark interest引起兴趣20.apparently明显地21.stone column石柱22.horizontal横向的23.vertical纵向的24.tunnel隧道25.convince使信服26.a modest force中等力量27.pulley滑轮28.magnify放大29.rigged up组装30.scaffold脚手架31.apex顶端32.unlikely不可能的33.rectangular四边形的34.nylon尼龙= New York + London35.stunned受惊讶的36.generate产生37.initial force初始力38.jerk张力39.massive大的40.construction建设41.experiments实验42.specialists专家43.an associate professor副教授44.harness控制驾驭45.accomplished sailors有经验的水手46.ancient古代的47.Egypt, Egyptian埃及（人）48.artefact人工制品49.uncannily神秘地50.glider滑翔机51.date from追溯52.sophistication复杂53.debris废料垃圾54.foes敌人55.machinery机械56.adobe居所57.arch拱58.sensible合理的59.resemble貌似60. reckon认为（informal）Pulling strings to build pyramidsNo one knows exactly how the pyramids were built. Marcus Chown reckon s 认为，假想the answer could be 'hanging in the air'.The pyramids of Egypt were built more than three thousand years ago, and no one knows how. The conventional picture is that tens of thousands of slaves dragged stones on sledge s雪橇（第1题答案）. But there is no evidence to back this up. Now a Californian software consultant called Maureen Clemmons has suggested that kites might have been involved. While perusing a book on the monuments of Egypt, she noticed a hieroglyph图画文字that showed a row of men standing inodd posture s姿势（第2题答案）.They were holding what looked like ropes that led, via通过, 经过some kind of mechanical system, to a giant bird in the sky. She wondered if perhaps the bird wasactually a giant kite, and the men were using it to lift a heavy object.【重要词组】back up支持，援助He drought along a file of document to back up his claim.他随身携带一卷宗文件以便证实索赔要求。

As the1979 deadline came nearer, some states which at first had backed up the Equal Right Amendment changed their mind and voted against it.1979年这个期限临近了，最初支持平等权利修正案的一些州后来改变了主意，投票反对这个法案Intrigued好奇的; 被迷住了的, Clemmons contacted Morteza Gharib, aeronautics professor at the California Institute of Technology. He was fascinated by the idea. 'Coming from Iran, I have a keen interest in Middle Eastern science,' he says. He too was puzzled by the picture that had sparked Clemmons's interest. The object in the sky apparently had wings far too short and wide fo r a bird. ‘The possibility certainly existed that it was a kite,' he says. And since he needed a summer project for his student Emilio Graff, investigating the possibility of using kites as heavy lifters seemed like a good idea.【重点词汇】Intrigued(to do sth) very interested in sth/sb and wanting to know more about it/them: He was intrigued by her story. ◆ I'm intrigued to know what you thought of the movie.Gharib and Graff set themselves the task of raising a 4.5-metre stone column圆柱from horizontal水平的to vertical垂直的, using no source of energy except the wind.（第4题答案）Their initial最初的calculations and scale-model wind-tunnel experiments convinced them they wouldn't need a strong wind to lift the 33.5-tonne column. Even a modest force, if sustain ed维持, over a long time, would do.（第5题答案）The key was to use a pulley滑轮system that would magnify放大the applied force. So they rig ged装配up a tent-shaped scaffold支架directly above the tip顶端of the horizontal column, with pulleys suspended from the scaffold's apex顶点. The idea was that as one end of the column rose, the base would roll across the ground on a trolley. Earlier this year, the team put Clemmons's unlikely theory to the test, using a 40-square metre rectangular矩形的nylon sail帆. The kite lifted the column clean off the ground. 'We were absolutely stunned,' Gharib says. 'The instant the sail opened into the wind, a huge force was generated and the column was raised to the vertical in a mere 40 seconds.The wind was blowing at a gentle 16 to 20 kilometres an hour, little more than half what they thought would be needed. What they had failed to reckon with was what happened when the kite was opened. 'There was a huge initial force — five times larger than the steady state force,' Gharib says. This jerk meant that kites could lift huge weights, Gharib realised. Even a 300-tonne column could have been lifted to the vertical with 40 or so men and four or five sails.（第7题答案）So Clemmons was right: the pyramid builders could have used kites to lift massive stones into place. 'Whether they actually did is another matter,' Gharib says. There are no pictures showing the construction of the pyramids, so there is no way to tell what really happened. 'The evidence for using kites to move large stones is no better or worse than the evidence for the brute force method,' Gharib says.Indeed, the experiments have left many specialists unconvinced难以置信的. 'The evidence for kite- li fting is non-existent,' says Willeke Wendrich, an associate professor of Egyptology at the University of California, Los Angeles. Others feel there is more of a case for the theory. Harness ing利用the wind would not have been a problem for accomplished sailors like the Egyptians. And they are known to have used wooden pulleys, which could have been made strong enough to bear the weight of massive blocks of stone. In addition, there is some physical evidence that the ancient Egyptians were interested in flight. A wooden artefact手工艺品found on the step pyramid at Saqqara looks uncannily不寻常地like a modern glider. Although it dates from several hundred years after the building of the pyramids, its sophistication suggests that the Egyptians might have been developing ideas of flight for a long time. And other ancient civilisations certainly knew about kites; as early as 1250 BC, the Chinese were using them to deliver messages and dump丢弃flaming debris碎片; 残骸on their foe s敌人.（第8-13题答案）【重点词汇】Harness：control and use (a natural force) to produce electrical power, etc 控制及利用（自然界的力量）以产生电能等: harness a river, a waterfall, the sun's rays as a source of energy利用河水﹑瀑布﹑太阳光作为能源.The experiments might even have practical uses nowadays. There are plenty of places around the globe where people have no access to接触不到heavy machinery, but do know how to deal with wind, sailing and basic mechanical principles. Gharib has already been contacted by a civil engineer in Nicaragua, who wants to put up buildings with adobe roof s粘土屋顶supported by concrete arch es拱形结构on a site that heavy equipment can't reach. His idea is to build the arches horizontally, then lift them into place using kites. 'We've given him some design hints,' says Gharib. 'We're just waiting for him to report back.' So whether they were actually used to build the pyramids or not, it seems that kites may make 成为，使成为sensible construction tools in the 21st century AD.【重点词汇】Make:成为，使成为He’ll make a great engineer one day. 总有一天他会成为伟大的工程师的。