Working With Process SOA and BPM
企业业务流程重组的原则简答题
企业业务流程重组的原则简答题BPR(BusinessProcess Reengineering/Business Process Re-engineering/Business Process Redesign，业务流程重组)，“公司再造”、“再造工程”。
最早由美国的Michael Hammer 和James Champy 提出，在20世纪90年代达到了全盛的一种管理思想。
西方发达国家兴起了一场企业再造革命，被喻为“从毛毛虫变蝴蝶”的革命，也被认为是继全面质量管理运动后的第二次管理革命。
BPR强调以业务流程为改造对象和中心、以关心客户的需求和满意度为目标、对现有的业务流程进行根本的再思考和彻底的再设计，利用先进的制造技术、信息技术以及现代的管理手段、最大限度地实现技术上的功能集成和管理上的职能集成，以打破传统的职能型组织结构，建立全新的过程型组织结构，从而实现企业经营在成本、质量、服务和速度等方面的戏剧性的改善。
BPR最重要的是在组织高管层面有完善的业务流程重组管理计划与实施步骤以及对预期可能出现的障碍与阻力有清醒认识。
美国的一些大公司，如IBM、科达、通用汽车、福特汽车等纷纷推行BPR，试图利用它发展壮大自己，实践证明，这些大企业实施BPR以后，取得了巨大成功。
一、功能1、有助于一定目标或任务的顺利完成业务流程的评判标准是：它的可取性决定于对企业某项任务或工作目标的完成是否有贡献，而且是直接的贡献和作用。
2、有助于企业内部分工的细化3、有助于明确执行人的责任4、有助于时间的合理利用和效率的提高二、原则业务流程重组能够为企业创造优化的业务流程，提升企业的核心竞争力，在业务流程重组过程中的工作重点，就是要消除价值传递链中的非增值活动和调整核心增值活动。
1、以流程为中心在一个以流程为中心的企业中，企业的基本组成单位是不同的流程，这样就使得企业的部门乃至流程本身都富有弹性，能够随着市场的变化而随时增减改变。
企业架构之流程管理(BPM)
企业架构(EA)系列2：企业架构之流程管理(BPM) (入选推荐日志，加10币)上一篇文章提到企业体系架构包括4个层面的内容：业务、应用程序、信息数据和技术。
在上述论述中，最重要的是业务这个角度，也就是对于企业是什么的描述。
其他三个角度，应用程序-数据-IT基础设施，应用程序是根本，数据是应用程序的数据及数据流动，IT基础设施对应用程序起支撑作用。
“业务角度”描述了业务的运作方式。
一般包括以下内容：1．企业的高级目标；2．整个企业或企业的重要部分实施的业务过程；3．执行的业务功能；4．主要的组织结构；5．各元素之间的相互关系；对于业务的描述，主要是从业务流程的角度来描述企业。
个人的感觉是，如果利用业务流程管理的思路，从业务角度来描述企业可能更加清晰和条理化。
1.业务流程（Business Process）首先，什么是业务流程？从流程的角度来描述企业，是20世纪最伟大的管理学发现之一。
这句话不是我说的，但是我非常认同。
什么叫业务流程？迈克尔•哈默说：业务流程是把一个或多个输入转化为对顾客有价值的输出的活动；T•H•达文波特说：业务流程是一系列结构化的可测量的活动集合，它为特定的市场或特定的顾客产生特定的输出；A•L•斯切尔说：业务流程是在特定时间产生特定输出的一系列客户、供应商关系；H•J•约翰逊说：业务流程是把输入转化为输出的一系列相关活动的集合，它增加输入的价值并创造出对接受者更为有效的输出；ISO 9000称：业务流程是一组将输入转化为输出的相互关联或相互作用的活动。
简单地说，流程就是不能靠一个岗位、一个人的技能和能力完成的工作和活动的集合。
个人理解，流程是一系列活动，有价值的活动。
与业务流程相关的词汇还有：added-value chain：价值链events：事件processes：流程rules：规则activities：活动roles：角色objects (data structures)：对象(数据)objects (documents)：对象(文档)audit trails：审计线索performance indicators：绩效指标services：服务2.业务流程管理概念-BPM（Business Process Management）企业有很多很多业务流程，需要对这些流程进行管理，这就是业务流程管理-BPM。
国家开放大学2021年《管理英语1》课程随堂练习1
山东广播电视大学开放教育管理英语1课程随堂练习1Passage1Aging Crisis in China1“Aging,”says Alex Kalache,Head of the Programme on Aging at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,“is the number one problem in the world.And if it is not addressed now,there will be serious consequences.”It is the“number one problem”because the numbers of people over60–and particularly those over80–are growing fast.The rapid aging trend in China’s population also poses immediate challenges to Chinese society.How can China face this challenge?As the social structure changes in terms of demographics,so will tradition.2In1959there were200million people over60in the world,accounting for8percent of the total population.It is predicted that in china,by2000,the number of retired people will be several times that of the mid-90’s.In2020they will have increased by several times again.The problem is that as more and more people live longer and their numbers increase both in actual numbers and relative to the general population,there will be fewer people to care for them.The dependency ratio,as it is called,is also affected by the fact that women,who have been the traditional caretakers of the elderly,are becoming more career-oriented and are not at home to care for their parents.3One solution is senior homes.Traditionally,it is considered a Chinese virtue for children to take care of their parents.But if people are working long hours,older parents feel lonely at home.At senior citizen centres,they can get good care from the nurses,who are also willing to listen to their stories.“When I first came here,I complained about my daughter’s decision.But gradually,I began to like this place,”Wei Wenkuei,86,said.“The nurses are more attentive than a house maid,and the food is good.”Wei is staying at the Peixin Senior Citizens centre in Nanshi District.There are only three senior centres in the Dongjiadu Neighbourhood in Nanshi District,Which is not enough for more than20,000people over the age of60. However,the neighbourhood has about15000laid-off women workers who are eager for jobs,and the area expects to open several new centres in the near future.The government is not only encouraging individuals to run senior citizen’s homes,but the government itself is building centres.4Some say that these home isolate the elderly from the rest of society and that keeping an intergenerational bond is necessary for a rich,wise society.Another model which helps old people to live more independently is known as“care in the community.”A unique example of this is the“SOS Bells for the Elderly”system which was introduced in Changqiao Neighbourhood in the Western District in1996, and has proved successful.Families were encouraged to volunteer to form mutual help“pairs”with elderly people who had no children nearby to care for them.Bells were affixed at the bedside of lonely and ill senior citizens and connected to the home of the“pair household.”When the bell rings,the helper goes at once.In May1997,the Beijing Committee for the Elderly had emergency bells installed in297homes in Beijing’s10districts.5Although larger social welfare system reform needs to be undertaken,these changes in the traditional way of caring for old people show a China which is ready and willing to deal with change in a creative way. Now that“over-population”and“the aging crisis”are seen as problems by modern society world-wide,it is important that the elderly are not ignored,alienated or mistreated,but rather treasured for their great store of experience.These are problems that need thoughtful solutions.Directions:Find the following sentences in passage1and use the context of the sentence to determine the meaning of the underlined word.Then choose the word or phrase which best expresses the word’s meaning and write your answers on your answer sheet.(The paragraph in which the sentence appear is indicated in the brackets.)1.And if it is not addressed now,there will be serious consequences.”(paragraph1)A.to give the name of the placeB.to make a speechC.to deal with2.As the social structure changes in terms of demographics,so will tradition.(paragraph1)A.jobsB.populationC.gender3.Traditionally,it is considered a Chinese virtue for children to take care of their parents.(paragraph3)A.good qualityB.benefitC.advantage4.The nurses are more attentive than a house maid.(paragraph3)A.listening carefullyB.politely helpfulC.warm-hearted5.Now that“over-population”and“the aging crisis”are seen as problems by modern society world-wide, it is important that the elderly are not ignored,alienated or mistreated,but rather treasured for their great store of experience.(paragraph5)A.badly treatedB.well treatedC.properly treatedDirections:Read the following statements and decide whether they are true or false according to passage1. Write true(T)or false(F)against the number for items6-10.6.According to Alex Kalache,over-population is the number one problem in the world.7.Wei Wenkuei fell in love with Peixin Senior Citizens Centre immediately when she went there.8.Only the government has the right to build senior citizen’s homes.9.“SOS Bells for the Elderly”system is a unique example of“care in the community.”10.It can be inferred from the passage,the elderly should be well treated rather than forgotten.Part IIQuestions11–20are based on Passage2.Passage2Bargain Fashion1.Scavenging for hand-me-downs is a way of life for those who have few resources and need to put clothes on their backs.For others on the high consumer end,even though they have more income,it’s become a pastime.It’s fun,it’s challenging and the clothes,they believe,make a fashion statement. Rummaging through thrift shops,combing weekend flea markets and yard sales,visiting vintage fashion stores,and even surfing the Internet has become a passion for people seeking out fashion treasures on the cheap.2.Some like to think of it as frugal living—a careful or thrifty way to live,a way to protect both their pocketbook and the environment.With the growing concern for waste,some people feel this is one way they can do their part by recycling and reusing.In San Francisco,California,there are1500recycle shops,selling everything from used refrigerators to designer evening gowns.San Diego,California,boasts more than2,000secondhand shops along with a quarterly newspaper called“Second Hand News”with a readership of thousands of people.This56-page publication contains information on store listings,shop ratings,coming events,and news of trends in recycling.People from all sectors of society read“Second Hand News”to learn about what’s happening in the secondhand scene.The interest is growing in the use of these shops—some drop off their goods that they no longer want or need,some come to browse and see what it’s all about,others come to search for that piece of clothing that will make them stand out in a crowd.3.Recycle centers and shops originated through community service organizations such as the YMCA,Salvation Army,Good Will and church groups.One such organization,the St.Vincent De Paul in San Diego,got its start in1948and is still doing a booming business anizations such as these offer a wide range of goods and products from used household items to baby clothes.In many urban centers these types of shops cater to the needier segment of the population.4.But as recycling became fashionable during the1980s,individuals opened secondhand shops geared to the middle and even upper classes of society.Shops like“Michael’s”in downtown San Diego, Auntie Helen’s in New York,and Brother Bennie’s in Los Angeles specialize in vintage clothing and accessories for both men and women.They claim to stock secondhand goods of the“finest quality”at low prices.“Choosing an evening gown at Michael’s is almost like shopping at Harrods in London or Barney’s in New York,except it’s a lot more exciting,”says Gennie,a fashion model based in San Diego.“You can choose from clothes that lots of famous people owned,and there’s a seamstress right there to make adjustments.You even get the option of a full refund up to1—1/2hours after a purchase if you get it home and decide it’s really not for you,”she explains.5.The recycle craze is not just all happening in the United States,it seems to have taken much of the whole world by storm.Some people in Tokyo,Japan make their living by what they call“thrifting”: Designers hire them to shop for treasures,which then form the basis of their next fashion collection.James Ashton says he’s become a professional scout.“I go to clubs to see what the kids are wearing,then hunt down old fabric,a belt buckle or a cool sweater pattern at a flea market,”he explains.The designer then invents a new look using the goods the scout has gathered.“Some are fashion wizards,others become famous just by copying thrift items,”says Ashton.6.In London,England,hunting for vintage clothing and jewelry has become the in thing to do. Helen,of Helen Uffner Vintage Clothing,has a huge collection of garments from1850through the1970s, some of which are for sale,others she rents out for use in feature films.“A number of the costumes for Outof Africa,which set off a Safari fad,came from my collection,”she exclaims.As your eye passes over the goods in her shop you can guess that a vintage shoe collector would be delighted to see her shoe collection. On the rack are a pair of1970s Charles Jourdan platform shoes with carved wooden chunky heels and braided,yellow patent leather straps.That same chunky look was revived in1997,a hot item in fashion circles then.Now she says,“This pair is just waiting for the right foot.”7.The idea is to take fragments of the past to create an image for yourself.The look may or may not be selling in the designer boutique down the street,but you can still be satisfied knowing you’ve done your personal look by yourself—and on the cheap to boot.(Word count=807)Directions:Read passage2and try to find each word using the paragraph markers()and then fill in the chart below. The first one is done for you as an example.(20points,2points each.)Part IIIQuestions21–30are based on Passage3.Passage3Seventy-four Years of Winter Olympic Glory1Chamonix,1924:The Games were first known as the"International Winter Sports Week."It wasn't until1925that they were officially named the Olympic Winter Games.Norway and Finland dominated Nordic skiing,speed skating and bobsleigh.Two days before the Closing Ceremony,the International Olympic Committee(IOC)was approved as the official organizing committee for the Games2St.Moritz1928:Unseasonable warm weather created havoc with the events at the Swiss Alpine resort,while Norway continued to dominate.Sonja Henie,just15,combined grace with athletic ability to win the first of three Olympic gold medals in women's figure skating.Japan sent its first delegation--six skiers and one official.3Lake Placid,1932:Warm weather again hit the Games,forcing organizers to haul snow from Canada to the upstate New York town.The four-man bobsleigh race had to be postponed until after the Closing Ceremony.Dog-sled racing and women's speed skating were demonstration events and Edward Eagan,a Summer Games Olympic medallist in1920,was on the winning U.S.four-man bobsleigh team to become the first summer-winter medallist.4Garmischi-Partenkirchen,1936:Blizzard conditions,and a possible boycott by the IOC over Adolph Hitler's politics threatened the Games initially.European speed skaters dominated the medalsstandings after the Olympics returned to the continental style of racing against the clock rather than"group starts"used four years earlier.5St Moritz,1948:The Swiss resort hosted the Winter Games for the second time,favoured as a neutral venue following World War II.Germany and Japan were not allowed to participate,while single-person sled racing was held for the first time since the previous St.Moritz Games.American John Heaton repeated as single silver medallist after two decades on the sidelines.6Oslo,1952:The Winter Games held its first torch relay,kindled at the home of Norwegian skiing legend Sondre Norheim.Attendance at events was exceptional with the ski jump alone attracting crowds of 150,000,an Olympic attendance record for both the Summer and Winter Games.Women's cross-country ski races made their Olympic debut and American Dick Button defended his figure skating title.7Cortina d'Ampezzo,1956:The Soviet Union debuted at the Winter Games,while a stadium built to hold10,000spectators--in a town of about6,000--hosted the skating and hockey events.Austrian Toni Sailor performed an Alpine skiing"hat trick,"which was,taking gold in the men's downhill,giant slalom and slalom.Chiharu Igaya won the men's slalom silver,Japan's first Winter Olympic medal.8Squaw Valley,1960:Through the campaigning of landowner Alexander Cushing,the mountain town in northern California edged Innsbruck in voting by the IOC.Women's speed skating becomes an official medal event,and biathlon was added to the Olympic program.East and West Germany sent a joint team, using Beethoven's Ninth Symphony as their national anthem.9Innsbruck,1964:For the first time in the Winter Games,the Olympic flame was lighted at Olympia, Greece.But the warmest winter in58years in Innsbruck left minimal snow cover and difficult conditions at many venues.*Luge made its Olympic debut,as did the microchip,which was used in judging and timing at events.India also debuted at the Winter Games.10Grenoble,1968:The"snowy Games"attracted only about70,000spectators on the ground,but500 million viewers watched them on television.Women were forced to take gender tests for the first time in the Olympics,while Frenchmen Jean-Claude Killy handled heavy pressure from countrymen with superb style,grabbing all three Olympic Alpine skiing golds on offer.11Sapporo,1972:At the first Winter Olympics held in Asia,a dispute over amateur status came to the boil when the IOC banned Austrian ski star Karl Schranz from the Games because he had been paid for appearing in a ski maker's advertisement.American figure skater Janet Lynn settled for women's bronze but won the hearts of the local audience while hotel manager Francisco Fernandez Ochoa staged a surprise victory in the men's slalom for Spain's first gold medallist in the Winter Olympics.12Innsbruck,1976:The Winter Games returned to Innsbruck after Denver,the planned host,decided to give the Games back due to fear of over-development and a mushrooming budget.Austrian Franz Klammer grabbed the men's downhill gold before a home crowd while American Dorthy Hamill pirouetted to women's figure skating gold.Ice dancing became an Olympic medal event.13Lake Placid,1980:The host of the1932Winter Games gained a unanimous vote from the IOC. American Eric Heiden swept all five gold medals in men's speed skating,while Austria's Annemarie Moser-Proell,after disappointment in Sapporo,snatched the women's downhill gold.14Sarajevo,1984:Sapporo offered in1978to host the1984Winter Games if no other cities decided to bid,but Sarajevo came forward to welcome a record49countries in the first Winter Games held in Eastern Europe.Katarina Witt of East Germany won the first of two figure skating golds.15Calgary,1988:Canada hosted its first Winter Olympics and the first that network ABC paid a record$309million for broadcasting rights and,despite Chinooks--warm,dry winds out of the Rocky Mountains--that disrupted the schedule,Italy's Alberto Tomba emerged a skiing hero with gold in the men's slalom and giant slalom.Britain's Michael Edwards"Eddie in the Eagle"captured no medals but grabbed the hearts of millions with his amateur bravado on the ski jump.Freestyle skiing,short track speed skating and curling were demonstration sports.16Albertville,1992:Organized by former skiing great Jean Claude Killy,the16th Winter Games were hit by criticism over the distance between venues in the French Alps.But Japan enjoyed its best medal victories ever,winning the Nordic combined team gold and a total of seven medals-this equaled the total medals won by Japan in all previous Winter Olympics combined.Canada's Kerrin Lee-Gartner thrilled one and all with gold in the women's downhill.17Lillehammer,1994:The town of23,000was recognized by many as having hosted the best Winter Games to date.Huge energetic crowds,good weather and smooth transportation were all widely acclaimed. Local favourite Johann Olav Koss showed why he was known as"The Boss"by winning three speed skating gold medals,all in world-record times.The media was engrossed by feuding U.S.figure skaters Tonya Harding and Nancy Kerrigan,but Oksana Baiui from the Ukraine upstaged them both to take the women's gold.18Nagano,1998:Back in Japan for a second time,this Winter Games was recognized as being high-tech and environmentally friendly.*Winter snowsuits designed specifically for members of the IOC, the organizers and volunteers at the Olympics,were made famous by the fact they could be recycled into usable oil.The Olympic Village offered free internet use for all athletes,many setting up their own home page for fans to wish them good luck before their event,and congratulate them afterwards.The environment was also enriched-leftovers from the Olympic Village cafeteria were recycled into fertilizer. World records for both the men and women's speed skating were broken by skaters from the Netherlands and Germany,and Chinese aerial skiers made their first dazzling debut with Xu Nannan bringing home a silver for her double back somersault with a triple twist.Curling,women's hockey and snowboarding were added to the Winter Games.Directions:Read Passage3and match the following Olympic Games in the left column with their relevant descriptions in the right column.Write your answers on your answer sheet.（20points,2points for each choice）21.Chamonix,1924 A.in which Edward Eagan became the first summer-winter medallist22.St Moritz1928 B.in which Chiharu Igaya won Japan’s first Winter Olympic medalke Placid,1932 C.in which women’s speed skating becomes an official medal event24.Oslo,1952 sting16days25.Cortina D’Ampezzo,1956 E.first known as the“International Winter Sports Week”26.Squaw Valley,1960 F.in which the first torch relay was held27.Grenoble,1968G.in which Japan sent its first delegation28.Sapporo,1972H.in which American Eric Heiden swept all five gold medals in men’s speed skatingke Placid,1980I.held in Asia for the first time30.Calgary,1988J.in which women were forced to take gender test for the first timePart IVQuestions31–40are based on Passage4.Passage4The Tramp And The PhilosopherIn1911,a penniless young music-hall artist left England for America.His future was uncertain,but he did not believe it could be unhappier than his past.He had grown up in London’s East End and experienced great poverty.His mother’s life had been so hard that she had finally gone mad,and his father had died of drink.Both parents had been on the stage and lived in the hope that they would one day be“stars”.Their son was determined to succeed where they had failed.By1914his optimism and determination were justified.Charles Chaplin was the most talked about man in America,the king of silent movies.He was not only admired as a first-class actor and comedian,but he was also making his name as a director.How did he reach the top of the film world in such a short time? He was not an instant success.However,he gradually began to develop the character of the tramp that we always connect with his name.He borrowed ideas from many sources,and though he“stole”most of his clothes from other slapstick comedians of the time,he developed his own special mannerisms to go with them.He used his bowler hat to signal secret messages and his walking stick allowed him to cause confusion and punish his enemy from a distance.He got the idea for his famous flat-footed walk from a London taxi driver who had sore feet.Charlie,the tramp,looked very funny,but he was also lovable.Inside his tramp’s clothes,the audience saw a human being who was poor,but dreamed of being rich,who was ugly but wanted to be handsome, who was lonely and desperately wanted a girlfriend.The tramp was a great romantic,but he always lost his heart to girls who for some reason had to leave him.The audience would be moved by this,but before they had time to reach for their handkerchiefs,Charlie’s feet would get in the way and they would laugh instead. In his early days as a director,Chaplin produced sixty-two short silent comedy films in four years.He was able to take complete control of his work and he would use his many gifts as he wished.He was a master of the art of mime,and as an acrobat he used to perform many dangerous stunts.But his greatest gift was his sense of timing–something which he said had come to him from his mother,who had been a dancer.Later on his films began to be more serious.In The Kid,which is about an orphan,Chaplin remembered his own fear and unhappiness when he was separated from his mother.Then,in1929,the Wall Street Stock Market collapsed.Suddenly there were tramps like Charlie everywhere,and the cruel division between the rich and poor is reflected in the opening scene of City Lights.Chaplin now felt the need to comment on the fate of the world as well as on the life of his hero.At this time he made The Great Dictator which made fun of Hitler’s philosophy and mannerisms.He described Hitler as“this amazing imitation of me”.Extreme right-wing people in America persuaded the Americans through the press that Chaplin was too left-wing.When he was on a visit to Britain the American government refused to give him a re-entry visa.So in 1948he decided to make his home in Switzerland.His marriage to the lovely Oona O’Neill was happy,and he became the proud father of eight children.Nevertheless he still felt bitter and the films he continued to make show this.The King in New York is the story of a king living in a foreign country who is made to suffer for his beliefs.America still suspected Chaplin’s political beliefs and his films were not shown there.It was not until1972that Chaplin and Hollywood finally made up their quarrel and he was invited back to receive an apology–and the award of an Oscar.He was given a hero’s welcome and was deeply moved.Then,in1975,aged86,he returned to London,the city of his birth.He went to Buckingham Palace to be knighted by the Queen.Charlie,the tramp,would have fallen over as he left.Sir Charles Chaplin simply wept.Read passage4carefully and then decide whether statements31-40are true or false based on your understanding of the passage.Write T for true and F for false against the number of the statement on the answer sheet.(20points,2points each.)31.Charles Chaplin went to America in1911.32.Charles Chaplin’s parents thought they were“stars”.33.Charles Chaplin was not only a first-class comedian but also a director.34.Charles Chaplin borrowed his ideas from many sources.35.Charles chaplin’s films became more and more serious.36.Right-wing people in America thought Chaplin was too left-wing.37.Charles Chaplin decided to make his home in Britain.38.Charles Chaplin had eight children.39.After1948,Charles Chaplin’s films were shown everywhere in America.40.Charles Chaplin received the award of an Oscar in1972.Part VPassage5Why Study Public Speaking?1Today,beyond the relative security of the college or university classroom,nearly7,000speakers will stand in front of American audiences and deliver speeches.And during those same twenty-four hours, people will make more than30million business presentations.These speakers will express and elaborate their ideas,champion their causes,and promote their products or services.Those who are successful will make sales,obtain support,and educate and entertain their listeners.Many will also enhance their reputations as effective speakers.To achieve these goals,each will be using the skills,principles,and arts of public speaking.2Consider,too,that somewhere on a college campus right now is the students who will one day deliver an inaugural address after being sworn in as President of the United States;the student who will appear on national television to accept the Tony Award for Best Actress,or the Academy Award for Best Director;and the student of doctors and medical technicians,or whose words will announce the passage of important legislation.3Studying and practicing public speaking benefits you personally,professionally and publicly. Personal Benefits of Studying public Speaking4First,mastering public speaking can help you acquire skills important to your success in college. According to a recent Carnegie Foundation report:“To succeed in college,undergraduates should be able to write and speak with clarity,and to read and listen with nguage and thought are inextricably connected,and as undergraduatesdevelop their linguistic skills,they improve the quality of their thinking and become intellectually and socially empowered.”5Second,public speaking can help you become more knowledgeable.There is a saying that we learn:10percent of what we read,20percent of what we hear,30percent of what we see,and70percent of what we speak.6Consider for a moment two different ways of studying lecture notes for an exam.One method is to read and reread your notes silently.An alternative is more active and makes you a sender of messages.You stand in your room,put your lecture notes on your dresser,and deliver the lecture out loud,pretending you are the instructor explaining the material to the class.Which method do you think promotes better understanding and retention of the course material?You will not be surprised to learn that it’s the second method.7Speaking is an active process.You discover ideas,shape them into a message,and deliver that message using your voice and body.The act of speaking is a crucial test of your thinking skills.As the British author E.M.Forster observed,“How do I know what I think until I’ve seen what I’ve said?”The process of developing and delivering an idea clarifies it and helps make it uniquely your own. Professional Benefits of Studying Public Speaking8Studying communication,and specifically public speaking,is important to you not only personally but also professionally.In fact,numerous studies document a strong relationship your chances of first securing employment and then advancing in your career.John Hafer and C.C.Hoth surveyed thirty-seven companies,asking them to rate the characteristics they considered most important when hiring an employee. Out of twenty-six total characteristics,oral communication skills ranked first.9More recently,three speech and business professors collected428responses from personnel managers in business organizations to determine the“factors most important in helping graduating college students obtain employment”.Oral communication skills ranked first and listening second.The researchers concluded:“From the results of this study,it appears that the skills most valued in the contemporary job market are communication skills.The skills of oral communication enthusiasm are seen as the most important.It would appear to follow that university officials wishing to be of the greatest help to their graduates in finding employment should make sure that basic competencies in oral and written communication are developed.Courses in listening,interpersonal,and public communication would form the basis of meeting the oral communication competencies.”10Once you are hired,your speaking skills continue to work for you,becoming your ticket to career success and advancement.Researchers Roger Mosvick and Robert Nelson found that managers and technical professionals spend approximately twice as much time speaking and listening as they do reading and writing.A survey of500executives found that speaking skills“rated second only to job knowledge as important factors in a businessperson’s success”.That same study also showed that effective communication helped improve company productivity and understanding among employees.Oral communication and public speaking clearly play a critical role in your professional life.。
SOA定义及解决方案
SOA定义及解决方案SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture)是一种软件架构风格，它基于服务的概念和面向服务的设计原则，使得软件系统的组件可以通过网络进行互联，并以松散耦合的方式协同工作。
SOA通过将应用程序划分为一系列可重用的、可独立部署的服务，从而提供了一种灵活且可扩展的架构，使企业能够更加敏捷地响应业务需求。
SOA的核心理念是将功能划分为服务，并通过服务之间的通信来实现业务逻辑的协作。
每个服务都是独立的、自治的，并通过公开的接口与其他服务进行交互。
服务之间的通信可以通过传统的基于网络的通信协议，如HTTP和SOAP，也可以采用更轻量级的协议，比如REST。
通过使用标准化的接口和协议，SOA促进了服务的可重用性和互操作性，使得系统可以更容易地扩展和集成现有应用。
SOA的优势在于它提供了一种面向业务的设计方法，使得系统能够更好地适应变化的业务需求。
通过将功能划分为独立的服务，企业可以更快速地构建和部署新的业务流程，并且可以根据需要灵活地组合和重用现有的服务。
此外，SOA还提供了一种松散耦合的机制，使得系统的不同部分可以以独立的方式发展和迭代，从而降低了系统的维护成本和风险。
为了构建一个成功的SOA解决方案，以下是一些关键的考虑因素：1.服务设计：在SOA中，服务是架构的核心组件。
服务的设计应该遵循一些原则，如高内聚、低耦合、可重用性等。
服务应该提供明确定义的接口，并具有明确的功能和责任。
2.服务注册与发现：由于SOA系统中服务的数量庞大，服务的注册与发现是非常重要的。
注册表或服务目录可以用于跟踪和管理可用的服务，并允许应用程序动态地发现和使用这些服务。
3. 服务编排与协作：SOA系统中的服务可能需要协同工作以实现复杂的业务逻辑。
服务编排通过组合和串联不同的服务来实现这种协作。
编排可以通过使用BPM工具（Business Process Management）或编排引擎来实现。
奥哲H3 BPM简介
奥 哲 H3 | 中 国 高 端 BPM 软 件 领 导 者
P6
流程管理与信息化
G1-规范业务和协同 G2-监控和改进业务 G3-一体化企业
OA——传统的管理方式
主要面向1,500人以下的应用。 应用范围主要局限于：请假、 报销等。主要是取代邮件审批 的非规范方式。 流程几乎完全没有自动化，所 有操作都需要人工完成。 目标是：规范业务流程；无纸 化办公。 所有的系统应用都非常基础， 比如：用户需要容忍劣质的OA 流程 基本的单点登录；任务分配基 本通过组织结构来实现自动化。
版权所有 ©2004-2012 深圳市奥哲科技有限公司
奥 哲 H3 | 中 国 高 端 BPM 软 件 领 导 者
P15
目 录
1
什么是BPM？
H3 BPM Suite简介 H3帮助企业流程管理落地 H3客户应用情况与案例 奥哲简介
版权所有 ©2004-2012 深圳市奥哲科技有限公司
2
3
4
5
奥 哲 H3 | 中 国 高 端 BPM 软 件 领 导 者
P9
Authine H3 BPM Suite
其他组件
流程 体系管理 工作流 • 移动办公 • SAP Connector • 归档组件
其它组件
• 异常监控
• 邮件异常 • 短信异常 • 数据库连接异常
管理
流程监控 分析组件
集成组件
版权所有 ©2004-2012 深圳市奥哲科技有限公司
奥 哲 H3 | 中 国 高 端 BPM 软 件 领 导 者
H3会自动将要审批的表单以HTML的格 式发送到审批人邮箱，另外也可以通 过链接登录到H3系统处理。
价值链的概念和构成
价值链的概念和构成企业要生存和发展，必须为企业的股东和其他利益集团包括员工、顾客、供货商以及所在地区和相关行业等创造价值。
如果把“企业”这个“黑匣子”打开，我们可以把企业创造价值的过程分解为一系列互不相同但又相互关联的经济活动，或者称之为“增值活动”，其总和即构成企业的“价值链”。
任何一个企业都是其产品在设计、生产、销售、交货和售后服务方面所进行的各项活动的聚合体。
每一项经营管理活动就是这一价值链条上的一个环节。
企业的价值链及其进行单个活动的方式，反映了该企业的历史、战略、实施战略的方式以及活动自身的主要经济状况。
它叫Just in time管理，什么意思呢？我是从后面往前推的，我下游需要什么，你才给我什么，不是说我生产越多越好，而是说我需要这个部件，你就给我，正好是零库存。
我要精细化管理，这时候我没有库存，我生产的，正好是我需要的。
供应链的计算，你生产多少，我给你多少，而且每个环节都是这样。
这样的话它叫Just in time管理，就是流程的精细化管理。
这样的管理就慢慢会到企业的经营型管理了，就不是生产型了。
这时的企业战略，比如我现在要发展什么市场，做什么业务，企业的战略就慢慢和企业的生产连在一起了。
反推这样的管理过程，从上到下，一般流程是分五个层次：第一个层次是价值链，就是老总关心的，我的供应商是什么，我生产什么东西，我向谁推销，这三步我先管，价值链是第一级流程，下一步流程可能业务主管，我每个生产可能分成一个流程链，我生产的时候有几步要什么，要干什么事情，我把它画出来，那就是由战略推导出来的流程链。
下一个第三层真正开始管流程了，要做一个具体的事情，需要什么样的组织，需要什么生产力，需要什么样的服务，需要什么样的生产能力，这样就慢慢变成流程大体组件。
最后这两个层次才开始真正的一步一步走。
如果光靠最后这一层次，没有和价值链连、流程链指导，很可能你就很盲目了，那些东西是上面想知道的？下面什么东西应该反馈到上层去？没有这个链接，企业的管理这就断裂了。
什么是BPM
什么是BPM，BPM与OA的区别，BPM与EAI的区别近年来，随着计算机技术的发展和互联网时代的到来，我们已经进入了信息时代，也称为数字化时代，在这数字化的时代里，企业的经营管理都受到了极大的挑战。
从上世纪90年代起至今，企业的信息化工作开展的如火如荼，相继建立了很多业务系统，同时也给企业带来了巨大的效益。
但是，新的问题出现了，业务已经对这些复杂的系统提出更新的需求，即需要实现系统之间整合。
EAI(Enterprise Application Integration)技术风靡一时，成为了各界人士追捧的对象。
热闹过后，许多人已经清晰的认识到，EAI仅仅是为解决“数据孤岛”而生，并不能解决业务流程的整合。
另外，虽然很多业务系统也支持工作流技术，但是由于工作流与业务逻辑紧密结合，所以在EAI 实施的效果大打折扣。
实践证明，优化、高效、低成本的业务流程将为企业提供了与竞争对手拉开距离的法宝，高效的业务流程不仅提高企业的运行高效率，而且降低企业的成本，使企业达到高度自动化。
所以，业务流程才是企业的核心问题。
为了使业务系统适应企业的运行机制，需要对众多业务系统进行更深度的整合，包括数据整合、流程整合等，所以，BPM(Business Process Management)随之而产生。
1、BPM是什么“2005在IT界里，有一个不成文的规律，那就是喜欢拿概念忽悠人。
年是ERP年”，口号刚出，一夜之间ERP厂商风起云涌，到处鼓吹其先进理念，只要是能跟ERP挨上边儿的，都叫ERP系统，所以直接导致ERP在中国是失败的结局。
BPM也是一样，由于BPM、ERP、OA、Workflow、EAI 等这些概念都有一定联系，所以许多也不免俗套，开始宣扬自己的BPM理念。
如果您是没学会忽悠本事的开发商，深刻理解BPM，真正提升您的产品质量，才不会被市场忽悠没了；如果您是没学会防忽悠本事的用户，深刻理解BPM，真正能评价一个好的BPM产品，才不会被开发商忽悠没了。
什么是SOA架构
什么是SOA架构SOA（Service-Oriented Architecture，面向服务的架构）是一种软件架构风格，它通过将应用程序的功能分解为独立的、可重用的服务来提高软件系统的灵活性、可扩展性和可维护性。
SOA将服务作为架构的核心构建块，这些服务是高度自治的单元，通过提供自我描述和自管理的接口来与其他服务进行通信。
每个服务都完成一个特定的业务功能，并可以独立于其他服务进行开发、实施、测试和维护。
SOA的核心理念是将应用程序分解为一系列独立的服务，这些服务通过标准化的接口进行通信。
每个服务都包含自己的数据管理、业务逻辑和用户界面，并通过标准化接口暴露给其他服务。
这种松耦合的架构允许服务提供者和服务消费者独立地开发和演化自己的功能，并通过协商和合作来实现相互之间的集成。
SOA架构中的服务通常采用面向服务的开发方式，即面向业务流程的开发（BPM，Business Process Management）或面向服务的开发（SOD，Service-Oriented Development）。
通过这种方式，SOA能够将业务需求直接转化为服务，并支持动态、灵活的服务组合和重组。
SOA架构的关键特点包括：1.松耦合：SOA的服务是自治的实体，可以独立于其他服务开发、演化和部署。
服务之间通过标准化的接口进行通信，减少了耦合度，提高了系统的可维护性和可重用性。
2.可重用性：SOA通过将功能分解为独立的服务，提高了组件的可重用性。
服务可以被多个应用程序和业务流程共享，减少了开发工作量，提高了开发效率。
3.可扩展性：SOA架构可以通过增加新的服务来扩展系统的功能。
每个服务可以按需扩展，并根据需求进行部署和配置，从而支持系统的增长和变化。
4.灵活性：SOA架构允许服务根据需求进行动态的组合和重组，从而支持业务流程的灵活性和可配置性。
系统可以根据需要在运行时调整服务的组合方式，以适应不同的业务需求。
5.可管理性：SOA架构通过提供自我描述和自管理的服务接口，简化了系统的管理和维护。
(BPM业务流程管理)什么是BPM
什么是BPM，BPM与OA的区别，BPM与EAI的区别近年来，随着计算机技术的发展和互联网时代的到来，我们已经进入了信息时代，也称为数字化时代，在这数字化的时代里，企业的经营管理都受到了极大的挑战。
从上世纪90年代起至今，企业的信息化工作开展的如火如荼，相继建立了很多业务系统，同时也给企业带来了巨大的效益。
但是，新的问题出现了，业务已经对这些复杂的系统提出更新的需求，即需要实现系统之间整合。
EAI(Enterprise Application Integration)技术风靡一时，成为了各界人士追捧的对象。
热闹过后，许多人已经清晰的认识到，EAI仅仅是为解决“数据孤岛”而生，并不能解决业务流程的整合。
另外，虽然很多业务系统也支持工作流技术，但是由于工作流与业务逻辑紧密结合，所以在EAI 实施的效果大打折扣。
实践证明，优化、高效、低成本的业务流程将为企业提供了与竞争对手拉开距离的法宝，高效的业务流程不仅提高企业的运行高效率，而且降低企业的成本，使企业达到高度自动化。
所以，业务流程才是企业的核心问题。
为了使业务系统适应企业的运行机制，需要对众多业务系统进行更深度的整合，包括数据整合、流程整合等，所以，BPM(Business Process Management)随之而产生。
1、BPM是什么“2005在IT界里，有一个不成文的规律，那就是喜欢拿概念忽悠人。
年是ERP年”，口号刚出，一夜之间ERP厂商风起云涌，到处鼓吹其先进理念，只要是能跟ERP挨上边儿的，都叫ERP系统，所以直接导致ERP在中国是失败的结局。
BPM也是一样，由于BPM、ERP、OA、Workflow、EAI 等这些概念都有一定联系，所以许多也不免俗套，开始宣扬自己的BPM理念。
如果您是没学会忽悠本事的开发商，深刻理解BPM，真正提升您的产品质量，才不会被市场忽悠没了；如果您是没学会防忽悠本事的用户，深刻理解BPM，真正能评价一个好的BPM产品，才不会被开发商忽悠没了。
特脉克斯基于SOA的BPM解决方案
特脉克斯基于SOA的BPM解决方案通过SOA架构整合各应用系统，采用面向服务的建模工具确保业务流程驱动服务的设计与实施，并基于业务模型提供完善的流程优化措施。
在电信业的核心业务中，战略、基础设施和产品部分主要由OSS和市场管理等系统来实现，运营部分主要由BSS 和CRM等系统来实现，企业管理主要由OA等系统来实现。
这些业务由相对独立的部门负责，各应用系统横跨这些部门将相关业务整合在一起。
这些系统经过多年建设，已经成为电信企业的核心应用，但是它们设计之初只考虑了相互间的系统调用接口，几乎都没有考虑流程的连接，因此当各系统和各部门之间需要协同工作时，许多问题接踵而至。
所以，电信行业的业务流程一般可以分为日常管理流程和企业支持流程，企业支持流程通常都是横跨多个应用的核心业务流程。
企业支持性流程需要和业务系统进行基于流程的应用集成，在集成的过程中也需要进行企业流程优化。
日常管理流程通过一般办公系统中应用的工作流引擎就可以实现，而企业支持性流程还需要与其他应用系统进行基于流程的交互。
解决方案这里采用TmaxSoft 基于SOA的BPM解决方案来建设电信行业的业务流程管理平台。
SOA以连动与整合为前提，将系统定义为任何人都可使用的服务。
通过SOA架构整合各应用系统，采用面向服务的建模工具确保业务流程驱动服务的设计与实施，并基于业务模型提供完善的流程优化措施。
SOA的核心是企业服务总线ESB(Enterprise Service Bus)，保证用户的逻辑应用和底层平台的无关性。
各应用系统通过遵循JCA标准的适配器接入到ESB，通过发送消息来调用其他服务，这些消息由ESB转换后发送给适当的服务实现。
架构在SOA的BPM引擎负责按照业务规则来调度业务流程的流转：1．对于电信行业以人工流程为主的日常管理流程，主要由workflow engine与workplace进行交互，控制人工步骤按照业务规则进行流转。
2．对于横跨多个应用的核心业务流程，业务流程引擎通过ESB调用连接到ESB的其他应用系统。
B 端软件必知 100 个专业名词
B 端软件必知100 个专业名词B端软件是帮助企业进行运营和管理的工具。
下面是一些常见的B端软件专业词汇，希望对大家有用：1. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) - 企业资源计划，比较基础的信息化系统，帮助企业全面管理进销存、财务、人力资源等各个方面，但是在一些专业领域能力较弱，比如仓储管理、运输管理等。
2. CRM (Customer Relationship Management) - 客户关系管理，专注于帮助企业管理从销售线索到销售合同的全过程。
3. HRM (Human Resource Management) - 人力资源管理，帮助企业招聘、培训和管理员工。
4. SCM (Supply Chain Management) - 供应链管理，确保产品从原材料到成品再到客户的整个流程高效运转。
5. BI (Business Intelligence) - 商业智能，通过数据分析帮助企业做出更明智的决策。
6. BPM (Business Process Management) - 业务流程管理，支撑和优化企业的日常工作流程。
7. OA (Office Automation) - 办公自动化，提高办公室工作效率，比如审批、邮件和文档等。
8. SaaS (Software as a Service) - 软件即服务，通过互联网提供软件服务，用户无需安装即可使用，一般按年收费，而不是一次性买断。
目前也存在SaaS 和传统软件的混合体：部署在本地，但是按年收费，而不是买断。
9. PaaS (Platform as a Service) - 平台即服务，提供给开发者一个平台来构建、运行和管理应用程序。
现在一些PaaS也面向业务人员，通过零代码方式完成相对简单的应用程度搭建。
10. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) - 基础设施即服务，提供虚拟化的计算资源，类似于虚拟服务器。
综合业务管理平台解决方案(BPM)
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产品特性-复杂业务实现 • 复杂流程的轻松实现
1. 多级业务审批 2. 复杂业务实现 3. 支持BPMN 2.0
案例：人员离职多级审批
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产品特性-跨系统流程整合
Page20
产品特性-操作便捷 • 操作便捷，可用性高
工程管理
•项目管理 •计划管理 •设计管理
•验收管理 •维修管理 •其它…
综合办公
•车辆管理 •会议管理 •资产管理 •印章管理
•办公用品 •公文管理 •名片管理 •其它…
流程管理
•流程实例 •流程归档 •流程人工干预
•流程监控 •流程绩效 •其它…
BPM综合业务管理平台
市场管理
•计划管理 •合同管理 •物业管理 •市场推广
完整的SOA落地解决方案，完整的SOA产品套件支持。
强大的研发实力、自主知识产权产品、良好的开放性及定制化 能力、优异的产品性能。
深厚的系统集成能力，有大量整合案例（有大量国内外ERP对 接经验，如：SAP、EBS、QAD etc.）。
成熟的项目管理制度、精干的项目实施团队、完善的产品服务 体系。
方正璞华云开发平台
开发平台是集技术开发平台、业务流程平台、灵动平台为一体的BPM 业务开发平台。旨在为企业提供强大的信息化系统基础架构，增强各系统之 间的集成性，大幅缩减软件项目的开发成本。
开发平台产品组件包括：应用开发框架、Web应用引擎、建模设计工 具、表单设计引擎 等，它综合了SOA体系架构和BPMN2.0国际标准，为提 升开发效率、降低维护复杂度、规范开发过程打下了结实的基础。
Oracle Exadata DataBase 其它系统
基于SOA和BPM的ERP系统的研究与实现
收稿日期:2006-11-08;修订日期:2007-01-22 作者简介:方江雄(1978-),男,湖北黄冈人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:智能ERP 、数据挖掘、工作流、面向服务; 何红波(1972-),男,教授,博士,主要研究方向:智能ERP 、数据挖掘、工作流、面向服务; 李义兵(1965-),男,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向:团簇计算、数据挖掘、并行计算.文章编号:1001-9081(2007)05-1264-04基于S OA 和BP M 的ERP 系统的研究与实现方江雄1,何红波1,李义兵1,2(1.中南大学信息科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410083;2.中南大学物理科学与技术学院,湖南长沙,410083)(fangchj2002@ )摘 要:分析了传统ERP 解决方案所面临的不足,提出了基于面向服务架构和业务流程管理实现ERP 系统的解决方案。
在深入探讨面向服务的框架模型原理及业务流程管理思想的基础上,给出了一个面向服务和业务流程管理的企业应用框架。
并结合企业实践项目,详细阐述了基于S OA 和BP M 集成的方法和步骤,充分论证了基于S OA 和BP M 的ERP 系统集成开发的可行性及优越性。
关键词:面向服务框架;企业资源计划;业务流程管理;业务流程执行语言中图分类号:TP311.52 文献标识码:AResearch and rea li za ti on of ERP system ba sed on S OA and BP MF ANG J iang 2xi ong 1,HE Hong 2bo 1,L I Yi 2bing1,2(1.Institute of Infor m ation and Science,Central South U niversity,Changsha Hunan 410083,China ;2.Institute of Physics and Technology,Central South U niversity,Changsha Hunan 410083,China )Abstract:This paper analyzed the deficiency of traditi onal Enter p rise Res ource Planning (ERP )s oluti on at first and put f or ward the s oluti on of realizing ERP syste m based on Service 2O riented A rchitecture (S OA )and Business Pr ocessManagement (BP M ).Then,after analyzing the p rinci p le of the service 2oriented architecture and the idea of business p r ocess manage ment,a service and business p r ocess manage ment oriented enter p rise app licati on frame was p r oposed .This paper expatiated the methods and step s of integrati on based on S OA and BP M in detail and has fully p r oved the feasibility and superi ority devel oped in ERP syste m integrati on based on S OA and BP M.Key words:Service 2O riented A rchitecture (S OA );Enter p rise Res ource Planning (ERP );Business Pr ocess Management (BP M );Business Pr ocess Executi on Language (BPE L )0 引言传统ERP 在业务流程和服务框架方面仍存在着明显的不足,主要表现在:(1)流程方面在于面向具体事务进行处理,功能不易扩充、业务流程固化、维护成本高、与新环境集成困难,缺乏柔性,企业不能随着商业环境的变化而方便迅速地改变业务流程,而企业环境的变化促使企业必须快速地调整业务来响应;(2)在服务框架方面是先建一个集成平台,然后开发各种各样的适配器和连接器去连接已有的子系统。
支持大规模定制生产的网络协同制造服务平台参考架构-最新国标
目次1范围 (1)2规范性引用文件 (1)3术语和定义 (1)4缩略语 (2)5总体架构 (3)5.1概述 (3)5.2边缘层 (3)5.3IaaS层 (3)5.4PaaS层 (4)5.5DaaS层 (4)5.6KaaStu层 (4)5.7SaaS层 (4)5.8门户 (4)6总体架构功能 (4)6.1边缘层功能 (4)6.2IaaS层功能 (5)6.3PaaS层功能 (5)6.4DaaS层功能 (5)6.5KaaS层功能 (5)6.6SaaS层功能 (6)附录A（资料性）支持家电行业大规模定制生产的网络协同制造服务平台参考架构 (7)A.1概述 (7)A.2平台参考架构 (7)A.3应用效果 (8)附录B（资料性）支持渔具行业大规模定制生产的网络协同制造服务平台参考架构 (9)B.1概述 (9)B.2平台参考架构 (9)B.3应用效果 (10)支持大规模定制生产的网络协同制造服务平台参考架构1范围本文件规定了离散行业的支持大规模定制生产的服务平台参考架构。
本文件适用于指导企业搭建、使用和运营大规模定制生产相关平台。
2规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。
其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。
GB/T20720.2-2020企业控制系统集成第2部分：企业控制系统集成的对象和属性GB/T35447-2017服装定制通用技术规范GB/T37960-2019云制造服务平台应用实施规范GB/T38666-2020信息技术大数据工业应用参考架构GB/T39102-2020定制消费品设计与生产质量控制指南GB/T40012-2021个性化定制分类指南3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。
3.1网络协同制造Network collaborative manufacturing利用互联网、大数据和各种集成技术将串行工作变为并行工程，打破时间、空间的约束，将供应链内及跨供应链间的企业产品设计、制造、运行、维护、管理等各环节紧密连接，实现产品全生命周期内资源的最充分利用，提高效率，提升产品质量，从而得到更高的经济效益。
新一代业务流程管理(BPM)全面解决方案
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在 AWS 平台之上提供的成熟应用套件
炎黄盈动简介
炎黄盈动为企业提供具有自主产权、业界领先的业务流程管理套件（BPMS）产品，是中国首家 BPM 软件和 服务供应商。多年来炎黄盈动坚持走自主研发的路线，基于对中国 BPM 市场的理解，以创新的技术、满意 的服务、务实的产品为行业伙伴和用户提供领先的 BPM 解决方案和业务基础中间件软件。同时，炎黄盈动 向合作伙伴和最终用户提供与软件产品相关的技术支持、培训、实施与咨询服务。
BPM 影响力
全国信标委 SOA 标准工作组首批合作单位 最佳 BPM 解决方案奖 中国管理软件百强厂商 TOP100 中国 BPM（流程管理）领域十强软件商 TOP5 金软件奖 国家重点新产品 被北京市科委认定为高新技术成果转化项目 中国管理软件提名实施商
如何管理BPMDOC5
CIO如何管理BPM老练的CIO们明白，没有哪个单独的新技术会成为解决复杂流程问题的灵丹妙药。
梳理流程常常需要投入巨大的精力--要确认谁负责哪几个流程，以及它是如何实际工作的。
如果流程没有设计好，那幺简单的自动化可能只会让坏结果来得更快。
业务流程管理（BPM）不只是让流程更好地发挥作用，它还让业务流程更加具有延展性。
对于你的业务流程来说，理想的业务流程管理系统本质上将会是一个数据库管理系统，真正的突破在于根据提炼出的数据定义你的业务流程。
为了保持竞争力，机构将不得不像他们现在管理数据那样尽可能迅速和高效地增强流程管理能力。
一辆装满家具的卡车沿着德克萨斯州拉雷多市尘土飞扬、干燥的的街道飞驰，最后到达了Lacks Valley Store（美国一家大型零售商，编辑注）。
当装卸工人扫描每件产品的时候，他们并没有注意到在这家大型票务零售商这里，大量的特殊情况已经被处理完毕：包括丢失商品名录、顾客的特殊订货，以及从来没有下过订单但却不知从什幺地方冒出来的商品。
在这种表象后面，一个业务流程管理（BPM，Business Process Management）应用程序正在监控仓库和接收系统，确认每一个发生的特别事件。
BPM应用程序其实已经超出了监控工作的范畴，并且实际上在把特殊情况区分优先级别进行处理，它为不同的员工分配不同的任务（举个例子，让一位员工去检查并且解决一笔尚未到达的订单）。
特殊情况在流程中会作为一项工作任务出现，或者做为系统中的没有落地的流程步骤持续存在下去，一直处于被监控状态，直到被最后解决。
由于业务分析师获得了更多提高运营水平的高效方法，实际处理问题的他们就能够实时调整自己的解决方案流程来更好的完成工作。
在极度的竞争环境中，《创新与伟大的21世纪商业变革》（《Innovation and the Great 21st Century Business Reformation》）一书的作者Peter Fingar描述了全球范围内激烈对抗的竞争者们的情况，他们无所不用其能的进行创新，并且正在攻占大大小小的市场--他们的市场拓展目标甚至包括了德克萨斯州的边陲小镇。
BPM流程管理
流程管理流程管理（process management）,是一种以规范化的构造端到端的卓越业务流程为中心，以持续的提高组织业务绩效为目的的系统化方法,常见商业管理教育如EMBA、MBA及CEO必读12篇等均对“流程管理”有所介绍，有时也被称为BPM业务流程管理.它应该是一个操作性的定位描述,指的是流程分析、流程定义与重定义、资源分配、时间安排、流程质量与效率测评、流程优化等.因为流程管理是为了客户需求而设计的，因而这种流程会随着内外环境的变化而需要被优化。
中文名流程管理外文名 process management作用提高组织业务绩效管理内容预测、补货、计划、签约等目录1发展历程2流程管理内容▪核心▪原则▪宗旨▪基本特征▪项目流程▪方法工具3成功因素▪协达流程管理▪内部团队合作▪项目界限界定4管理培训▪模式▪综述5常见问题6BPC1发展历程编辑流程管理代表作品付勇等编著的面向服务架构一书进入20世纪以来．随着机械化大生产的发展和企业规模的扩大，为了实现市场的自．教运作，企业均按照分工理论致力于将内部的经济活动按专业部门“各司其职”,分工细化，使用垂直分工式的架构来运作，从而使生产率大为提高。
这种管理模式不断发展完善，并于20世纪70年代末80年代初被推祟到了极致。
但是80年代以后，随着高科技信息社会的到来,市场有效供给的增加以及发达的交通运输手段，经济日益趋向全球一体化，市场竞争日益激烈。
与此同时，顾客需求日益多样化，期望值日益提高。
以往企业庞大的组织分工不但不能为企业带来效率的提升，反而成为组织快速应对市场的绊脚石.《SOA面向服务架构与应用》一书将流程管理作为SOA和IT应用的核心，标志着我国流程管理学术研究和应用，进入了全新的发展时代。
传统的分工理论是基于这样一种概念：分工越细操作越简单，则越有利于提高工作效率.现代社会，一方面产品个性化、生产复杂化、企业经营多元化,片面追求分工精细，强调专业化,使企业的整体协调作业过程和对过程的监控日益复杂。
编排和编制
引用文章，分享一下编排(choreography)与编制(orchestration)的区别2012年7月14日inclouds.me发表评论阅读评论choreography [ˌkɔriˌɔgrəfi] 编排orchestration [ˌɔ:kis'treiʃn] 编制，或译为编配，协同。
在SOA/BPM领域，这两个词的区别很少能有人说的清楚，包括在英文语境中也不是那么容易区分的，老外也有很多争论。
今天我们就从几方面来掰扯掰扯这两个词的区别.从英文原义上来看，编排（Choreography）：一种象征性地表达舞蹈的艺术：∙对舞蹈的组合以及安排，特别是芭蕾∙这一活动所产生的作品编制/编配（Orchestration）：针对乐队表演对音乐作品进行的调整；又：对音乐作品的乐队演奏。
当初借用这两个词来命名IT概念就是因为看中了它们在某个抽象层次上的不同：舞蹈是彼此平等的舞者之间的协作，演奏还多了一个指挥的角色，所有演奏者都需要听从”指挥”。
具体到IT领域来看，Orchestration: An executable business process describing a flow from the perspective and under control of a single endpoint (commonly:Workflow) Choreography: The observable public exchange of messages, rules of interaction and agreements between two or more business process endpoints编制/编配（Orchestration）指的是集中控制的Executable Process.例如，用一种流程执行语言如BPEL定义好流程，并让流程引擎(指挥)在运行时执行(指挥vt)这一流程。
2020邮储社招错题集-计算机篇
C.机器语言是由一串二进制数 0、1 组成的
D.用机器语言编写的程序执行效率最高
19.下列关于舍恩伯格对大数据特点的说法中，错误的是（ ）。
A.数据规模大
B.数据类型多样
C.数据处理速度快
D.数据价值密度高
20.“阿尔法围棋”（AlphaGo）在几次世界瞩目的人机大战后站在了围棋之巅，现
在它又以一种新的方式超越了自己：新版本“从零开始”自学围棋，仅用 3 天就击败其
6.【答案】B。解析：字长是 CPU 的性能指标之一，指 CPU 一次所能处理的二进 制数据的位数，故 B 正确；运算器不仅可以进行算数运算还可以进行逻辑运算，C 选 项错误；DRAM（动态随机存储器）需要周期性的在内容消失之前进行刷新，需要一个 额外的刷新电路，运算速度慢、集成度高。
7.【答案】C。解析：OSI 参考模型的层次从上到下依次是：应用层、表示层、会 话层、传输层、网络层、数据链路层、物理层。
D.OA 为核心的社交化管理应用。
6.下列叙述中，正确的是（ ）。
A.字长为 16 位表示这台计算机最大能计算一个 16 位的十进制数
B.字长为 16 位表示这台计算机的 CPU 一次能处理 16 位二进制
C.运算器只能进行算术运算
D.SRAM 的集成度高于 DRAM
7.OSI（开放系统互联）参考模型的最低层是（ ）。
B.在分析方法上更注重相关分析而不是因果分析
C.在分析效果上更追究效率而不是绝对精确
D.在数据规模上强调相对数据而不是绝对数据
5Hale Waihona Puke 在当前的互联网中，云管理的核心技术是（ ）。
A.SOA 面向服务架构和 BPM 业务流程管理
B.SOA 面向计算架构和 BMP 业务流程重组
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User Interface Replication and Federation Adapters Metaregistry
Service Configuration and Dependency
Versioning and Subscription
Copyright © 2007. All Rights Reserved.
Code Reuse Approach Business Driver Requirements Scope Skills Team size Code Longevity Budget Methodology Risk tolerance Project duration Connectedness Code refactoring Integration use
low to medium model-driven systematic complex enterprise senior developer 6 to 60+ 2 years to 10+ years large formal, systematic low 6 months to 6 years medium low medium
low to medium tool-driven opportunistic simple departmental junior developer 1 to 6 6 months to 3 years small to medium informal high 1 to 6 months low to medium low low
Architecture
Integrated services and events
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The Power of Choice
Thick OR Thin Onsite OR Offsite
Software
Control OR Unrestrained Customized OR Generic
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HR
Executable Process Models
Process Model Process Model
HR
Process Model Process Model
HR
Process Model
HR
HR
Across HR and Finance
Integrated Management Integrated Composition
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Metadata • Entities and Relationships • Processes, Activities and Events • Components and Interfaces Operations • Lifecycle Management • Configuration Management • Predefined and Ad-hoc Queries
Faster
Cheaper Faster “Toy”
Cheaper
Faster
Cheaper Pilot
“Monster”
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• • • • • • • • • • •
95% of the organizations experienced successful BPM projects. The average number of departments involved was 3. Successful projects had no less than 10% internal rate of return. 78% had greater than 15%; wild numbers included 100% and 360%. 67% of the projects were completed in less than 6 months. 50% of the projects were completed in less than 4 months. 77% of the projects had returns greater than $100,000 per project. 55% of the projects had returns in the $100,000 to $500,000 range. Value to the company higher than ERP, CRM or SCM today. 75% of the companies had BPM projects under way. Planned BPM projects: 25% had 1; 25% had 2; 25% had 3-5; and 15% had 6-10.
Copyright © 2007. All Rights Reserved.
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
Copyright © 2007. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2007. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2007. All Rights Reserved.
Prepare & mail confirmation letter
Send info. to imaging center
Image center scans & indexes documents
Receive confirmation letter
Physician Activities
Insurer Activities
Finance Legacy App
CSS Legacy App
Data
LOB App
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More! Not enough Too slow Too expensive Faster! Cheaper!
More
More
More
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30 mins. Start Form Data Entry
Total Elapsed Time 120 mins. End
Process Payment
50 Percent Reduction in Elapsed Time
Activity Eliminated in Automated BPM Environment
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Linear Process – Mirroring Previous Manual Process
30 mins. Start Form Data Entry 60 mins. Manager Approval 60 mins. Supervisor Approval 60 mins. Executive Approval 30 mins. Process Payment
Healthcare Payer Organization Case Study
Steps in Record Update Process
Contact insurance company Wait for change packet delivery Receive change packet Complete change forms Wait for change processing
Send to insurer
Receive change request
Send change packet
Receive completed change information
Copy info. to member form
Verify information (if necessary)
Enter info. into central database
high parameter-driven either simple either business analyst 1 to 5 indefinite small informal medium 1 to 12 weeks high medium high
Copyright © 2007. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright © 2007. All Rights Reserved.
Advantage
Business-IT alignment B2B, BAM, scale Enterprise reuse Technical reuse, incremental engineering
Internet Client/Server SOAP Distributed Business computing services and Web w/registry services Business events
Services
Copyright © 2007. All Rights Reserved.
Governance
• Projects are ongoing • Evolve with business through composition • Not an application but a system • Encompasses the start to finish of entire business processes • Skipping any of these steps is very risky and likely to cause failure • Change management is critical