高考英语语法专攻-《代词》-考点归纳+针对性练习

高中英语语法专攻-《代词》

【考点1-人称&物主&反身代词】

注意:

①形容词性物主代词通常用作定语,修饰名词,如:her father她的父亲。

②“of(介词)+名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格,如:a friend of mine 我的一个朋友。

【考点2-“it”用法】

1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。如:

It is half past two now.现在两点半。(指时间)

It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.离最近的医院有六英里。(指距离)

It is very cold in the room.房间很冷。(指温度)

2.指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。如:

These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,which brings with it not only necessary state welfare,but also alcoholism,betrayal and even suicide.

现在这些当地居民必须使他们传统的自足自给的狩猎生活方式与现代法兰西共和国生活方式保持平衡,因为,随之而来的不仅有必要的社会福利,还有酗酒、背叛甚至是自杀。(it指前面所提到的情况)

—Who’s that at the door?

—It is the milkman.

——门口那人是谁?

——是送奶工。(it指代性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人)

—I’ve broken a plate.我打碎了一个盘子。

—It(=Breaking the plate) doesn’t matter.没关系。(it指前面所提到过的事情)

3.it可以用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动词-ing形式和不定式充当。如:

It is said that all of them have gone to the cinema.

据说他们都去看电影了。

(2017·全国Ⅱ)They live far from the school,and it takes them about an hour and a half to go to work every day.

他们住的地方离学校很远,所以每天(从家)去上班要花费一个半小时的时间。

4.it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词(短语),尤其是表示好恶的动词(短语)后面,如:enjoy,like,love,dislike,hate,don’t mind,be fond of,feel lik e,see to后,即这些动词(短语)后面的宾语从句前要加it。如:

How would you like it if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?

如果你正在观看你自己喜爱的电视节目,这时有人进入房间,没有询问你的意见就把电视关掉了,你会有什么样的感受?

I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.

当我在工作时她给我打电话,我很讨厌。因为我总是太忙而无法与她聊下去。

5.it的固定结构:make it;get it;see to it that;put it。如:

How shall I put it?我该怎么说呢?

1.it特指上文所提到的同一事物,它所代替的名词常由the,this,that等修饰。

one泛指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指,相当于a/an+单数名词;ones泛指上文提到的同类事物的复数名词;the one特指前面的可数名词单数,有时可以用that来代替(尤其是后面有后置定语时);the ones特指上文提到的复数名词,有时可以用those代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。

that特指前面出现的单数名词或不可数名词,相当于“the+可数名词单数/不可数名词”;that 的复数形式为those,替代可数名词复数,既可指人也可指物。Yesterday I lost my pen and I couldn’t find it.S o I had to buy one.(it指代my pen;one 替代a pen)

昨天我丢了钢笔而且没找到。所以我不得不再买一支。

The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.(those/the ones替代the books)

桌子上的书要比桌子下面的好。

Few pleasure can equal that of a cool drink on a hot day.

没有什么能比得上在炎热的天气里喝上一杯冷饮那样快乐。(that替代pleasure) (2017·11浙江,听力)Some aspects of life here are different from those in the United States.

这里的生活在某些方面与美国有差别。(those 相当于Some aspects of life)

2.that和one的主要区别:

that既可替代可数名词单数,也可替代不可数名词,常有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those;one只能替代可数名词单数,复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that。当of短语做可数名词单数的后置定语时,用that,不用one。

(2016·北京)Universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

大学已屈服于给学生提供如家般的同样环境这一想法。

When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake jumps by 14 percent.

当我们选择一把大勺而不是更小的勺子时,总摄入量就增加了14%。