2020版高考英语二轮培优 课改省市专用课件: 语法填空 重难语法专题(二) 并列句与主从复合句

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关系词 who whom whose that
which
as when where why
定语从句
[要点个个清]
先行词
句法功能
指人
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
指人
在从句中作宾语,常可省略
指人或物
在从句中作定语
指人或物
在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语 或表语,作宾语时可省略
指物或整个主句
在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作 宾语时可省略
3.(2019·6 月浙江高考)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth __58__ gives off light in the dark. 解析:分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是定语从句,先行词 为 a piece of cloth,指物,且定语从句中缺少主语,故填关系 代词 that/which。 答案:that/which
My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上 6 点出发。
(2)what 在名词性从句中具有“两有”“一不”特征——有 意义、有成分;不可省。
what 在引导名词性从句时,有独立汉语意义,一般可翻译 为“……的东西/事情/话等”;what 在从句中充当主语、宾语、 表语和定语,且不可省略。
but ...等
Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you. 要么你改进工作,要么我就辞退 你。
for, so
表因果关系。 The leaves of the trees are falling,
for连接的分句 for it's already autumn.
daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __62__ she opened with her late husband Les. 解析:设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作 opened 的 宾语,先行词是 the pet shop,指物,故填 which。 答案:which
重难语法专题(二) 并列句与主从复合句
并列句 [要点个个清]
并列连词
用法
and, not
表并列、
only ... but 顺承或递
(also) ..., both ... and ... 等
进关系
but, yet, 表转折关 whereas等 系
例句
There the air is clean and the mountains are green.那里空气清新, 千山一碧。
He was about to go out when the telephone rang. 他正要出去时,电话铃响了。 He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter. 他刚写完一篇报告,老板就让他打印一封信件。
先行词为 those,且指人,空处在从句中作主语,所以用关系代
词 who 或 that 引导定语从句。 答案:who/that 5.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错) They also had a small pond which
they raised fish. 解析:本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句,先行词是 pond, 关
What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
[分析] 两句的区别是连词 and,句①逗号后为非限制性定语 从句,空格处为引导词,表示物,故填 which;句②and 连接两个 并列分句,空格处指代前面分句中的 a small house,故填 it。
③The old man has three sons, none of ________ is a doctor. ④The old man has three sons, but none of ________ is a doctor. [分析] 两句的区别是连词 but,句③逗号后为非限制性定 语从句,空格处为引导词,表示人,故填 whom;句④but 连接 两个并列分句,空格处指代前面分句的 three sons,故填 them。
2.(2016·四川高考) It was time for her to have a new baby, __70__
it was also time for the young panda to be independent. 解析:It was time for ...和 it was also time for ...之间是并列关 系,故用 and 连接。 答案:and
[连词连连看] 1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I work not because I have to, __67__ because I
want to. 解析:句意:我工作不是因为我不得不工作,而是因为我 想要工作。此处为 not ... but ...结构,表示“不是……而 是……”。故填 but。 答案:but
系词在定语从句中作状语,故将 which 改为 where 或在其前
加 in。 答案:which→where 或 which 前面加 in
名词性从句
[要点个个清]
从属 连词
连接 代词
连接 副词
连接词
用法
that, whether, if等
均不充当成分。that无意义, 在宾语从句中可省略; whether和if意为“是否”,在 宾语从句中可互换使用,但在 其他名词性从句中只用
[易错对对碰] 1.并列句与定语从句 防止并列句与定语从句混用:并列句由 and, but 等并列连词 连接,句中已有连接词,这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词 了。 ①They live in a small house, in front of ________ stands an orange tree. ②They live in a small house, and in front of ________ stands an orange tree.
whether
what, who, whom,
which, whatever, whoever, whichever等
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语 或定语等
when, where, why, how,
whenever, wherever, however等
在从句中作时间、地点、原因 或方式状语
[易错对对碰] 1.what 与 that (1)that 在名词性从句中具有“两无”“一不”特征——无 意义、无成分;(除宾语从句外)不可省。 that 在名词性从句中没有意义,而且不作句子成分。that 引 导宾语从句作及物动词的宾语时可省略;在引导主语从句、表语 从句和同位语从句时,that 不可省略。 I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help. 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
③________ money is necessary for a happy life, it can't buy happiness.
④Money is necessary for a happy life, ________ it can't buy happiness.
[分析] 句③空格所在句子是让步状语从句,故填 Although/Though;句④空格前后是转折关系,故填 but。
指人或物或整个 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,有
主句
“正如……”之意
表示时间的名词
在从句中作时间状语
表示地点的名词
在从句中作地点状语
表示原因的名词
在从句中作原因状语
[易错对对碰] 1.that 与 which 的区别 (1)只用 which 不用 that 的情况: ①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时; ②引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)只用 that 不用 which 的情况: ①当先行词是 all, everything, nothing, something, few, little, much 等不定代词时; ②当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或 the very, the only, any, the last 等修饰时; ③先行词既有人又有物时。
4.(2019·北京高考)The students benefitting most from college are
those __9__ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking
full advantage of the college's chances and resources (资源). 解析:根据语境并分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,其
从你身旁通过。
while
作为并列连词, 强调两种情况的 对比
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk.我爱喝黑咖 啡,而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的。
[特别注意] when 可用作并列连词,相当于 and at this/that time,意为“正在这/那时;突然”,常用于下列句式:sb. be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when ... (某人正要做 某事,突然……);sb. be doing sth. when ... (某人正在做某事, 突然……);sb. had just done sth. when ... (某人刚做完某事,突 然……)。
The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败 对他是个很大的打击,但他并没有沮 丧,很快便像以前一样充满热情。
并列连词
用法
例句
or, either ... or ..., not ... 表选择关系
2.并列句与状语从句 辨清并列句与状语从句:并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存 的主谓结构”,两者之间是并列关系;而在状语从句中前后两个 句子一个是主句,一个是从句,从句是用来修饰主句的。 ①______ you take the medicine, you will be all right. ②Take this medicine, ________ you will be all right. [分析] 句①空格处引导条件状语从句表示“如果”,故填 If; 句②中两个并列分句是顺承关系,故填 and。
2.which 与 as
which
as
只能放在主句的 位置灵活,可位于句首、句中也
位置上
后面
可置于句末
搭配上
无动词的限制
谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理 活动的动词,如see, hear, know, expect, remember等
表示“正如……,正像……的那 意思上 意为“这一点”
样”
[连词连连看] 1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm
一般不能放在 树叶在坠落,因为秋天已经到了。
句首
并列连词
用法
例句
and, or
表条件或结果关 You have to move out of the
系,常用于句型 way or the truck cannot get past
“祈使句+
you.
and/or+陈述句” 你得让出路来,否则卡车无法

2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were well trained by their masters __64__ had great experiቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱnce with caring for these animals. 解析:分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,并在从句 中作主语,修饰先行词 masters,指人,所以填 who/that。 答案:who/that
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