What are Response Rates

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病原学检查结果解读

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A category used for isolates for which only a susceptible interpretive criterion has been designated because of the absence or rare occurrence of resistant strains.Isolates for which the antimicrobial agent MICs are above or zone diameters below the value indicated for the susceptible breakpoint shoule be reported as nonsusceptible.
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Antibiotics kill bacteria causint the illness, as well as good bacteia protecting the body from intection.
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The drug-resistant bacteria are now allowde to grow and take over.
50-150mg qd 首剂6mg/kg q12h 第二天起4mg/kg q12h
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The “intermediate” category includes isolates with antimicrobial agent MICs that approach usually attainable and tissue levels,and for which response rates may be lower than for susceptible isolates.The intermediate category implies clinical efficacy in body sites where the drugs are physiologically concentrated(eg,quinolones and β-lactams in urine) or when a higher than normal dosage of a drug can be uncontrolled,technical factors from causing major discrepancies in interpretations,especially for drugs with narrow pharmacotoxicity margins.

数据调查英语作文

数据调查英语作文Title: Conducting a Data Survey: A Comprehensive Guide。

In today's digital age, data surveys have become an indispensable tool for gathering valuable informationacross various domains. Whether it's market research, academic studies, or social analysis, conducting a data survey requires careful planning and execution. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of conducting a data survey, exploring its importance, methodology, challenges, and best practices.### Importance of Data Surveys。

Data surveys serve as a conduit for understanding trends, preferences, and opinions within a target population. By collecting and analyzing data systematically, researchers can derive meaningful insights that inform decision-making processes. Whether it's identifying consumer preferences, gauging public opinion, or evaluatingthe efficacy of policies, data surveys provide a quantitative basis for informed action.### Methodology。

问卷类作文英文版

问卷类作文英文版英文：Questionnaire Essay。

Introduction:Hello, everyone! Today, I would like to share my thoughts on questionnaires. Questionnaires are a popular method of collecting data and opinions from a large group of people. They are widely used in various fields, such as market research, academic research, and social surveys. In this essay, I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of questionnaires, as well as some tips for designing effective questionnaires.Advantages:Firstly, questionnaires are a cost-effective way of collecting data. Compared to other methods, such asinterviews and focus groups, questionnaires can be distributed to a large number of people at a relatively low cost. This makes them an ideal choice for researchers who need to collect data from a large sample size.Secondly, questionnaires are easy to administer and complete. Respondents can fill out the questionnaire attheir own pace and convenience, without the need for a researcher to be present. This makes it easier for peopleto participate in the survey, especially if they have busy schedules or live far away from the research site.Thirdly, questionnaires can provide anonymous responses. This can encourage respondents to be more honest and openin their answers, as they do not have to worry about being judged or identified. This is particularly important for sensitive topics, such as mental health or personal habits.Disadvantages:However, there are also some disadvantages to using questionnaires. Firstly, they can suffer from low responserates. This can be due to a lack of interest or motivation from respondents, or because the questionnaire is too long or complicated. This can lead to biased results if the sample size is not representative of the target population.Secondly, questionnaires can suffer from response bias. This is when respondents provide inaccurate or incomplete answers, either intentionally or unintentionally. This can be due to social desirability bias, where respondents provide answers that they think are socially acceptable, or acquiescence bias, where respondents agree with statements without really thinking about them.Finally, questionnaires can be limited in their ability to capture complex or nuanced opinions. This is because they often use closed-ended questions, which only provide a limited number of response options. This can make it difficult to capture the full range of opinions and experiences of respondents.Tips for designing effective questionnaires:To design an effective questionnaire, it is important to consider the following tips:1. Keep the questionnaire short and simple, with clear and concise questions.2. Use a mix of open-ended and closed-ended questions to capture both quantitative and qualitative data.3. Avoid leading or biased questions that may influence respondents' answers.4. Pre-test the questionnaire with a small sample of respondents to identify any issues or problems.5. Consider the target population and tailor the questionnaire to their needs and interests.中文：问卷类作文。

召回率的英文说法

召回率的英文说法The recall rate, also known as the sensitivity, is a critical metric in the field of information retrieval and machine learning. It measures the ability of a system to retrieve all relevant information from a dataset. In other words, it quantifies the proportion of relevant documents that were retrieved compared to the total number of relevant documents in the dataset.In information retrieval, the recall rate is particularly important because it directly impacts the effectiveness of a search or recommendation system. A high recall rate indicates that the system is able to retrieve a large portion of relevant documents, which is crucial in applications such as search engines, recommendation systems, and document classification.To calculate the recall rate, we use the following formula:Recall = True Positives / (True Positives + False Negatives)。

吉林省长春市2024-2025学年高一上学期期中英语试题(无答案)

“学海无涯潜心求索，天道酬勤笔耕不辍”2024-2025学年上学期高一年级期中考试英语学科试卷考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，考试结束后，将答题卡交回。

注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂：非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写：字体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效：在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5.保持卡面清洁，不得折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第Ⅰ卷选择题部分(满分100分)第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. f9.18.C. f9.15.答案是C。

1. What does the woman’s mother look like?A. She wears glasses.B. She has dark eyes.C. She has white hair.2. Where is the woman?A. At a bus stop.B. In a cafe.C. At a train station.3. How often does the man see his grandfather?A. Every day.B. Once a week.C. Once a month.4. What will the speakers do on the man’s birthday?A. Eat out.B. Look at home.C. Visit some friends.6 What does the man mean?A. The weather report is unreliable.B. The time of picnic has to be changed.C. He should listen to the weather report first.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

销售的英语范文

销售的英语范文对于销售人员来说，看看关于营销类的英语文章总是没有错的。

下面是我给大家整理的，供大家参阅!：如何让你的广告反应率瞬间翻倍How To Instantly Double, Even Triple Response Rates To Your AdvertisingIf you want to build a grow a successful business then you need to advertise. Some guru’s or whatever you want to call them say that advertising is dead or doesn’t work, which is completelyridiculous.Advertising is and has always been a proven way to generate leads and sales. It’s a crucial component to marketing and getting more customers if you do it right from the start. It’s likeanything you do in life, you need to at least learn what theheck you are doing before you can do it effectively. There are various types of advertising.As a direct response copywriter I specialize in writing and creating ad campaigns that get people responding. I have seen throughout my career how many businesses fail with their advertisingand what they are doing wrong. I have also seen how advertising can make you a massive profit if you do it right.As I heard from Frank Kern once, “The fastest way to wealth is to turn paid advertising into profit.”Here are some methods of advertising that are proven to work:Facebook/Google PPCDirect mailYouTube adsClassified adsJust to name a few.If you are advertising and you’ve never gotten the results you want from your advertising campaigns then it’s because something in your strategy is flawed. There are numerous reasons why anad campaign can end up flopping. Not advertising your offer to the right target audience. Poor ad placement. Poor sales copy.And one of the biggest reasons why your response rates are poor – a crappy headline. Your headline has the power to massively increase response rates to your advertising.In this post I am going to teach you the importance of writing headlines that convert and show you some simple ways to start writing headlines that convert immediately. How your headlines arethe key to getting people to respond to your ad, at least initially, and then some tips on how you can write a headline that gets readers responding.The Biggest Mistake You Are Making With Your Advertising Is A Crappy HeadlineOne of the biggest mistakes businesses make when advertising their product or service is not making the most of their headline. Quite often you’ll see a headline that is simply advertisingthe name of the business. No one is going to respond to that.It’s also important to note that context and the advertising medium plays a role in the kind of headline you write and how effective it is. The headline is your opportunity to make a greatfirst impression to your prospect and is the first chance you have for selling.Gary Halbert used to say how many prospects will decide whether or not to buy simply from reading the headline. David Ogilvy is famous for quoting, “On the average, five times as many peopleread the headline as read the body copy. When you have written your headline, you have spent eighty cents out of your d ollar.”Your headline is your first chance you get at selling so you need to make the most of it. Read on and I’ll show you howyou can do that.The Basic Fundamentals Of A Headline That ConvertsA great headline does ONE thing and one thing only –grab the reader’s attention so they start to read the rest of your advertisement. That’s it and that’s the only goal of your headline. Sowhat is it that makes a great headline?What makes a great headline is essentially a headline that contains the CORE BENEFIT of your offer. The core benefit needs to target a core desire of your target audience. Basically, if areader has a problem and they read a headline that targets a core human desire they are interested in, it’s going to be extremely hard for them to ignore it. The reason this works so effectively is because it stirs up the emotions of your reader regarding something they have a big problem with and desperately need a solution for.Eventually, if the rest of your copy is effective they end up associating their desire with your product and then theselling process is almost complete.In the book Cashvertising by Drew Eric Whitman he explains how there are 8 core human desires that are impossible to switch off.Survival, enjoyment of life, life extensionEnjoyment of food and beveragesFreedom from fear, pain and dangerSexual companionshipComfortable living conditionsTo be superior, winning, keeping up with the JonesesCare and protection of loved oneSocial approvalThis is what you should try to target when you write your headline. Now the next question is, how do you write a headline that effectively grabs a reader’s attention and gets themreading therest of your copy?Proven Methods For Writing A Headline That ConvertsThroughout advertising history there has been proven headline templates that work time and time again. The following templates are perfect especially if you are a newbie to writing headlines.Headline TemplatesHow To Headlines:How to write a headline that converts in 30 minutesHow to get at least $1,000 on your tax return this year without using a tax accountantHow to get a beach body without going to the gymWho Else Headlines:Who else wants to know how to get 3 more new customers thismonthWho else wants to know how generate an endless stream of clients within 30 days from nowWho else wants to self-publish a bestselling book on AmazonGet Result Within Specified Time Frame HeadlinesGet a rippling six pack within 6 weeks starting today!Get 1 new lead on LinkedIn per day starting todayGet 5 new customers within 30 days using sales lettersThe Truth Revealed HeadlinesThe truth about writing headlines that convert revealedThe truth about building sales funnels that generate leads and sales revealedThe truth about calorie counting revealedNumbered Headlines7 reasons why your diet is helping you to lose weight3 reasons why you can’t build a rippling six pack and what to do about it4 ways to eliminate approach anxiety within the next 7 daysConclusionSo here are a few things I hope you have gotten out of reading this post.That you now also realize how important your headlines are to the overall response rate of any of your advertising, online and offline.Now you know where you are going wrong when you write your headlines and now have a solid blueprint for effectively writing headlines that convert.You now understand the importance of the targeting one of the 8 core human desires in your headlines.If you want some more proven strategies for writing headlines that convert then check out my guide, Headline Gold.After reading this you will know how to ‘twist’ your headlines using four simple categories that makes writing headlines that convert effortless.：Top 5 Myths About MicrosoftThere's an iconic image of Bill Gates that might help explain our collective fascination with this legendary businessman and his most famous creation, the Microsoft Corp. It's a mug shot from1977, taken after Gates was pulled over in Albuquerque, N.M., for a traffic violation .The photo shows a chinless 19-year-old geek with tinted prescription glasses and an undeniable smirk. How, we're left to wonder, did this goofy-looking college dropout with questionabledriving skills ***and wearing an even more questionable flowered shirt*** end up becoming the richest man in the world?If you go searching for answers to that question online, you'll find a lot of half-truths and misinformation. It doesn't help that Microsoft has made more than its fair share of enemies overthe years. It really doesn't help that most of those enemies have blogs that enable them to share their enmity with the world. They've accused the company and its former CEO of everything fromwillfully running a monopoly to stealing some of its biggest technological innovations to actually being evil.The myths surrounding Microsoft and its founder are closely tied to the creation myth of the personal computer itself. To start off our list of top 5 Microsoft myths, we're going to explore acommon misconception about the origin of "windows."5. Microsoft Invented "Windows"There's an iconic image of Bill Gates that might help explain our collective fascination with this legendary businessman and his most famous creation, the Microsoft Corp.It's a mug shot from1977, taken after Gates was pulled over in Albuquerque, N.M., for a traffic violation.The photo shows a chinless 19-year-old geek with tinted prescription glasses and an undeniable smirk. How, we're left to wonder, did this goofy-looking college dropout with questionabledriving skills ***and wearing an even more questionable flowered shirt*** end up becoming the richest man in the world?If you go searching for answers to that question online, you'll find a lot of half-truths and misinformation. It doesn't help that Microsoft has made more than its fair share of enemies overthe years. It really doesn't help that most of those enemies have blogs that enable them to share their enmity with the world. They've accused the company and its former CEO of everything fromwillfully running a monopoly to stealing some of its biggest technological innovations to actually being evil.The myths surrounding Microsoft and its founder are closelytied to the creation myth of the personal computer itself. To start off our list of top 5 Microsoft myths, we're going to explore acommon misconception about the origin of "windows."In 1968, when 13-year-old Bill Gates was still programming tic-tac-toe in BASIC, an engineer named Douglas Englebart at the Stanford Research Institute introduced the world to the mouse . Tomodern computer users, the mouse is nothing more than a mundane technological necessity: How else could you click icons, scroll through menus and move cursors? But computer users in 1968 found the mouse revolutionary precisely because no one had ever heard of those things back then.Englebart is credited with inventing the graphical user interface, or GUI ***pronounced "gooey"***. In the early 1970s, a team of researchers at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center ***PARC***expanded on Englebart's concept and built the Xerox Alto, the first personal computer that featured the now-standard "W.I.M.P." GUI: windows, icons, menus and pointing device .The Xerox Alto ran on an operating system/development environment called SmallTalk that was created in-house by Xerox PARC researchers. In 1979, 24-year-old Steve Jobs of tech upstart AppleComputer, Inc. paid $1 million in Apple stock options for a detailed tour of the Xerox PARC facility. Blown away by the SmallTalk GUI, Jobs demanded the product's technical documentation, whichXerox foolishly handed over .With the specs for the SmallTalk GUI in hand, Apple released the Lisa in 1983, the first commercial computer to feature a "windows" GUI. Jobs would use a similar GUI for the much more popularMacintosh models. When Bill Gates, who wrote software for the Mac, released Windows 2.0 in 1987, Apple sued Microsoft for blatantly stealing the Mac's look and feel -- something Apple stolelong ago from Xerox .Apple eventually lost the case and Microsoft's subsequent dominance of the PC market made "windows" synonymous with Windows.4. Microsoft Doesn't Care About SecurityMicrosoft is the Little Dutch Boy of software manufacturers, constantly plugging security holes in its operating system and application software. These backdoor vulnerabilities allow malicious hackers to gain access to unprotected computers, turning them into unwitting bots that spread viruses and worms to even more computers.You hardly ever see headlines reading, "Apple Warns Users About Serious Security Hole" or "Red Hat Races to Issue Patch to Thwart Hackers." That's because few programmers would bother towrite malicious code and nasty computer viruses for Macs and Linux computers. The reason for this is quite simple: If you're a hacker and your insidious goal is to poison the most machines possible, you'd train your sights on the operating system used by more than 90 percent of the world's personal computers.Despite the rabid criticism of the security weaknesses of Windows XP, it's wrong to say that Microsoft doesn't care about security. Microsoft employs some of the sharpest minds in thefieldof cyber security, including security chief Michael Howard and Linux security expert Crispin Cowan . In recent years, they've launched several long-term, far-reaching security initiatives,including Trustworthy Computing, End to End Trust and most recently, Microsoft Security Essentials. They've also built Windows Vista to be substantially more secure than XP.The real question, according to veteran tech writer Rob Enderle, is whether anyone at any company could successfully repel the near-constant barrage of attacks that plague Microsoft products.To make matters worse, he says, boasting about security features is bound to attract hackers hungry for a challenge. As an example, the writer cites an announcement from Oracle that called itslatest creation "bulletproof." It was successfully attacked the next day .3. Microsoft is a "Natural Monopoly"Some critics of the U.S. government's ongoing antitrustcase against Microsoft defended the software powerhouse as a legal natural monopoly because it earned its dominance by outmaneuveringits free market competitors.The real definition of a natural monopoly is actually quite different from its conventional meaning. In economic parlance, a natural monopoly is a company that is allowed to monopolize anindustry because it's in the best interest of the state and the consumer.Utility companies are classic examples of natural monopolies. In most cities and towns, you have no choice about which electric company to use. That's because there's a huge barrier of entryfor starting a competing electric company. You'd have to build power plants and string miles of cable to create a workable infrastructure. It's cheaper for the consumer -- and more efficientfor the state -- to have one tightly regulated private company running the show.On the surface, Microsoft looks like a natural monopoly of the computer industry. Since the company has some 90 percent of the global operating system market share, Microsoft enjoys hugeeconomies of scale. For instance, smaller software developers could never spend as much as Microsoft can on product development and marketing. They would never make the money back withouthaving to charge much more than Microsoft would for the same products.The biggest difference is that Microsoft used its "prodigious market power and immense profits," in the words of U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson, to not only erect higher barriersof entry for its competition, but to threaten and intimidate anyone who dared knock at the door. And there's nothing "natural" about that.2. Microsoft isn't Innovativeicrosoft has a well-deserved reputation in software circles for being technologically derivative. In other words,Microsoft has borrowed or bought every good idea it's ever had.This theory isn't unfounded. For example, Bill Gates and friends didn't write the code for MS-DOS. They bought something called QDOS ***Quick and Dirty Operating System*** for $50,000, tweaked itand licensed it to IBM for huge profits. They didn't code the original Internet Explorer, either: They licensed the source code from Spyglass Inc., maker of the Mosaic browser, and used thatsame basic code for three or four versions of Explorer.Defenders of Microsoft know that the company isn't such a great technological innovator -- Gates didn't realize the potential of the Internet until 1995 -- but they will say the company hassome of the most cutting-edge business ideas in the field.Think about it. Before Microsoft came along, no one had entertained the idea of selling software and hardware separately. IBM licensed MS-DOS from Microsoft because it wanted to concentrateon hardware. Gates, Steve Ballmer and other Microsoftexecutives foresaw the lucrative potential in licensing their operating system to dozens of different PC hardware makers.When the Harvard Business Institute studied the secrets of Microsoft's success, they pinpointed the company's innovative approach to its intellectual property. Microsoft has created agargantuan library of proprietary source code "components" that work across the Windows platform. If a developer proves his loyalty to Microsoft, he gets access to that code library -- andhundreds of millions of potential Microsoft customers.1. Bill Gates is EvilArrogant. Bullying. Ruthless. Stubborn. All of these are adjectives that former and current Microsoft colleagues and competitors have used to describe William Henry Gates III. But would thosecritics describe him as evil? Not in a million years.When Gates announced that he was stepping down from daily operations at Microsoft in July 2008, it spawned a flood ofarticles about his legacy. Some compared him to Henry Ford, anotherperson who took an expensive, rarified technology and devised an ingenious way to selling it to the masses.Microsoft's long-time mission was to have "a PC on every desk and in every home." Indeed, Microsoft operating systems have been used on billions of PCs worldwide since 1981.Some journalists and pundits chose to compare Gates to Henry Ford, but a more apt comparison might be to Andrew Carnegie, the steel baron who engaged in ruthless business practices beforededicating the final years of his life to philanthropy. By the time he died in 1919, he'd given away all of his ill-gotten riches to found museums, libraries, parks and numerous charitableorganizations.Gates may be guilty of many underhanded businesses tactics, but has yet to order mercenary troops to attack his own factory ***as Carnegie did***. As a philanthropist, he's poised to become thegreatest giver in the history of the world. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has already invested tens of billions of dollars toward the eradication of disease and poverty in developingnations and eventually will give away all of Gates' wealth. How evil could that be?：Where to Get Forex TrainingFor those of you who are interested in forex trading, you may want to start off by getting some good forex training. Forex training is a necessity for anyone with this interest. This is because a lot of money is involved in forex trading. If you don't get some forex training, you are bound to lose a lot of money.Some of you may not even know what forex trading is. If you don't know this, you defiantly need some forex training. Forex stands for foreign exchange. Forex trading is basically the exchangeof one countries currency for another countries currency. This is done simultaneously in hopes of gaining a profit.You can get forex training from several different places.The first place you should get forex training from is online. There are many websites that offer free forex training. The forextraining these websites offer is both reliable and accurate. The forex training on these websites often offers a free demo account to teach you how to trade without actually using any realmoney.A second place to get Forex training is at your local college campus. Forex training courses at college are usually inexpensive and very thorough. The forex training courses offered shouldalso include hands on experience with trading, to help you get the edge. You can also get some books on forex training or research forex training at your local library. The best place to getforex training is from someone who is already involved in forex trading. The forex training these individuals provide will be more realistic for you and give you different aspects of the forextrading game.The forex training you get should first start with learning how the foreign trade market works. The trade market is always changing, so you need to understand it first. The second part ofyour forex training should be about risk control. You never want to invest more than you can afford. The right forex training should teach you how to cut your losses and have less risks of failure. Next, your forex training should teach you how to open and manage a forex trading account. But this should be done with a demo account. All forex training should be done this way first, before you try the real thing.With all of this in mind, you should be able to find some good forex training. Learn the ropes of forex trading and take the time to learn it well. Be sure to try a demo forex trading accountbefore you start a real account. With the right forex training, you will soon be on your way to a profitable way to supplement your income.Jay Moncliff is the founder of a blog focusing on the forex training,resources and articles. This site provides detailedinformation on forex training. For more info visit his site training看过的人还：。

调查问券英语作文

调查问券英语作文Title: The Art of Crafting Effective Survey Questionnaires Survey questionnaires are indispensable tools for collecting valuable data from a wide range of respondents. Whether it's for academic research, market analysis, or customer feedback, the effectiveness of a survey hinges on the design of its questionnaire. This essay delves into the significance of crafting well-designed survey questionnaires and outlines the key steps in their creation.Well-designed questionnaires not only ensure the collection of accurate and reliable data but also enhance the response rate by keeping the respondents engaged. Poorly designed questionnaires, on the other hand, can lead to biased results, low response rates, and wasted resources.Key Steps in Designing a Questionnaire1.Defining Objectives: Clearly define what information you aim to gather. This will guide the type of questions you include in your questionnaire.2.Choosing Question Types: Select from a variety of question types, such as multiple-choice, open-ended, or Likert scale, depending on the information you need.3.Pilot Testing: Before finalizing the questionnaire, conduct a pilot test with a small segment of your target audience to identify any issues or ambiguities.4.Formatting and Layout: Ensure the questionnaire is visually appealing and easy to follow. Use clear headings, logical question sequences, and ample white space.5.Review and Revision: Review the questionnaire for clarity, bias, and completeness. Revise based on feedback and test results.After collecting responses, the next crucial step is analyzing the data. This involves using statistical tools to summarize responses, identify patterns, and draw meaningful conclusions. Effective data analysis can provide insights that were not immediately apparent.In conclusion, the success of a survey largely depends on the careful design of its questionnaire. By following a systematic approach and paying attention to detail, researchers can ensure that their surveys yield accurate, reliable, and actionable data. Crafting effective questionnaires is not just a science but also an art, requiring both precision and creativity.Crafting effective survey questionnaires is a meticulous process that requires a clear understanding of the survey's objectives, careful question design, and thoughtful analysis of the collected data. By adhering to best practices in questionnaire design and analysis, researchers can maximize the value of their surveys and make informed decisions based on the insights gained.。

姜阵剑物流与供应链管理课后翻译

Chapter One The Introduction of LogisticsⅢ.Translation1. Military commanders have always been aware of the importance of good logisticsto the success of their campaigns. Many military failures have arisen from failure to maintain a lo gistic line of communication.军事指挥官一直意识到良好物流对他们运动成功的的重要性。

许多军事失败是由于未能保持物流通信线路而产生的。

2. Logistics is defined as business-planning framework for management of material,service, information and capital flows. It includes the increasingly complex information, communi cation and control systems required in today’s business environment.business-planning物流的定义是管理材料,服务,信息和资本流动的业务规划框架。

它包括日益复杂的信息、通讯和在现代的商业环境需要的控制系统。

3. Although logistics is primarily a strategic-level management process, the basic ideas are still hig hly relevant at all the lower organizational levels. For example, the flow of paperwork round an of fice can be sequenced and timed, with the separate stages of processing being carried out in the best part of the room to facilitate the flow.虽然物流主要是strategic-level管理过程、基本观点仍高度相关的所有组织层级越来越低。

上海市金山区2019-2022学年高一上学期期末英语质量检测选词填空汇编(共三年)

It was ___1___that students did not write details of how they arrived at their answers or conclusions. I decided to help students write in more detail about what they were thinking when they solved their problems or when they wrote about their ideas.I chose a common, everyday task that all of us ___2___ in: choosing what to wear. When I asked them how they decided what they wore that day, there was a(n) ___3___ moment of silence. It seemed a ___4___ silly question. A few just said “they wore what they wore.” This was a perfect beginning as it was the same kind of response they were giving as to how they were getting their math answers. I told them how I decided what I wore that day.First I checked the weather in the paper and by looking outside. I had to decide between wearing a dress or skirt since either one could make a difference in the ___5___ I wish to give. Most of the girls related to this one. I had to be sure what I wanted to wear was clean and ironed. They ___6___ no one ironed clothes any more. I had to check to see if I had shoes that went with the possible outfit. I thought about what I had worn ___7___ as I usually don’t wear the same clothes in the same week. I thought about the color I felt like wearing. I thought about the ___8___ I would be doing that day both at school and after school.Each new consideration brought out comments from the students. I could expand on each or just mention it and go on, ___9___ on how long I wanted the lesson to go. After this discussion, it was clear to students that their thinking process is richer than they first suspected. It was a good lesson for showing details of the thinking process of which we weren’t ____10____.A．balanced B．beneficial C．combined D．concerns E. contacted F. normal G. nutrients H. recommended I. shorter J. professional K. challengingTry a raw food diet?When 17-year-old Ali told his friends, he was giving up eating cooked food, they were shocked. Ali, a keen Kung Fu fighter, who is hoping to turn____11____, is convinced that following a raw food diet, based on vegetables and fruit, is the key that will lead to his sporting success.Ali’s sports coach is enthusiastic about the raw food diet, which is often ____12____ to his students. “Raw food contains enzymes (酶). If enzymes are preserved, we improve strength and stamina (耐力). ” Ali is also happy with his new eating habits: “I find my recovery time after training is ____13____ now,” he insists.What do the experts think? Is a raw food diet really the way forward? I ____14____ Professor Benos, an international expert on nutrition. “There is no scientifi c evidence that getting rid of cooked food from the diet is ____15____,” said the professor. Enzymes are produced by the body to help digestion, whether the food is cooked or raw. However, Professor Benos says that eating a raw food diet may have some posi tive effects: “A raw food diet is high in fresh food, which is richer in ____16____ than many different kinds of processed food. The diet also encourages more chewing and takes longer to digest. As a result we do not eat more than we need. ”On the other hand, Professor Benos has serious ____17____ about only eating raw foods:“We may consume too much fruit. Fruit contains a lot of natural sugars which is not good for our teeth. Milk is eliminated so our intake of calcium (钙) is less, and we may fail to get enough iron and zinc (锌).”When speaking of a ____18____ diet, Professor Benos believes a strictly raw food diet should be avoided but can be ____19____ with both raw and cooked food to get the best of both worlds. He says,“The strongest evidence is that the healthiest diet has a wide range of both cooked and raw food, from all the food groups. A raw food diet may do no real harm over the short term, but I believe you should return to _____20_____ eating after a few weeks.”A．afford B．attention C．beneficial D．incredibly E. lowers F. memoryG. opposite H. priority I. regularly J. schedule K. significantHow Does Exercise Improve Academic Performance?You already know that regular exercise is important for controlling weight and avoiding a variety of health conditions. But it can also improve your academic performance. As an expert said, “What we know is that students who exercise ____21____, at least 3 times a week, graduate at higher rates than those who do not exercise.”It’s tempting to think you’re so busy that you can’t ____22____ to exercise. However, the exact ____23____ is true: you will have to deal with many problems because of lack of exercis e. Even if you can’t spare 30 minutes, 5- or 10-minute exercises during the course of the day could make a ____24____ difference in your academic performance.Five-minute walking every hour had a positive impact on mood, fatigue (极度疲劳), and hunger at the end of a day. This may be particularly ____25____ to students who also work a full-time job and study in the evening and nighttime hours.Exercise ____26____ stress and anxiety while increasing focus. A study by researchers at the University of Illinois found that physical activity increased the ability of elementary school students to pay ____27____, and also increased their academic performance.Exercise also improves academic performance in other ways. 1. Exercise requires time management. Arranging for exercise forces students to also ____28____ study time and this teaches them the importance of block timing, and urges them to give ____29____ to their studies. 2. Exercise reduces stress. These reductions are very important to students, because too much stress is bad to memory production and your ability to seep: two key things needed to score high on exams. 3. Exercise leads to a better quality of sleep. Better sleep means moving your studies from short term to long term _____30_____ during REM, a period of sleep. That way, on test day you remember that tiny fact that gets you the scores you need.1．KDHJB 6．IEACG11．JHIEB 16．GDACF21．IAGKC 26．EBJHF。

安全生产演讲稿英语(3篇)

第1篇Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning/afternoon/evening. It is my great honor to stand before you today to address an issue that is of paramount importance to all of us– safety in the workplace. As we gather here, we are reminded of the significance of our work and the responsibility we carry to ensure the well-being of ourselves, our colleagues, and our loved ones.In the world of work, we are constantly exposed to various risks and hazards. Whether we are in manufacturing, construction, healthcare, or any other sector, safety should always be our top priority. The cost of neglecting safety is immense, both in terms of human lives and financial implications. Therefore, it is crucial that we take proactive measuresto create a safe working environment and foster a culture of safety among all employees.Let us begin by acknowledging the importance of safety in the workplace. Safety is not just a legal requirement; it is a moral imperative. Every employee has the right to return home safe and sound after a hard day's work. By prioritizing safety, we not only protect our own lives but also those of our families and friends. Moreover, a safe workplace enhances productivity, reduces absenteeism, and boosts employee morale.To achieve a safe workplace, we must understand the various risks and hazards that we face. Let us explore some of the common risks that we encounter in different industries:1. Physical Hazards: These include machinery, tools, and equipment that can cause injury or harm. It is essential to use appropriate safety gear, such as helmets, gloves, and protective clothing, and to ensure that machinery is well-maintained and operated safely.2. Chemical Hazards: Many industries use hazardous chemicals, which can cause serious health issues. Proper handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals are crucial to prevent accidents and exposure to harmful substances.3. Biological Hazards: In healthcare and food service industries, biological hazards such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites pose a significant risk. Implementing effective hygiene practices and using appropriate protective measures are essential in these sectors.4. Ergonomic Hazards: Poorly designed workspaces and tasks can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, such as back pain and repetitive strain injuries. Providing ergonomic equipment and training employees on proper lifting techniques can help mitigate these risks.5. Psychological Hazards: Stress, workplace violence, and discrimination can have a profound impact on employees' mental health. Promoting a supportive and respectful work environment is crucial to address these hazards.Now that we understand the risks, let us discuss the steps we can take to ensure safety in the workplace:1. Education and Training: Providing comprehensive safety training toall employees is essential. This training should cover theidentification of hazards, proper use of safety equipment, and emergency response procedures. Regular refresher courses should be conducted to keep employees informed and up-to-date.2. Risk Assessment: Conducting regular risk assessments can helpidentify potential hazards and implement appropriate control measures. This process should involve all employees, as their input is invaluable in identifying risks specific to their work environment.3. Implementation of Safety Policies: Establishing clear safety policies and procedures is crucial. These policies should cover topics such as personal protective equipment (PPE), reporting of hazards, and investigation of accidents. Employees should be made aware of these policies and their responsibilities under them.4. Communication: Effective communication is key to a safe workplace. Employees should be encouraged to report hazards and near-misses, and their concerns should be addressed promptly. Regular safety meetings and briefings can help maintain awareness and promote a culture of safety.5. Enforcement: Safety should be enforced consistently. This includes monitoring compliance with safety policies, addressing violations, and taking appropriate disciplinary actions when necessary. Management should lead by example and demonstrate a commitment to safety at all times.6. Continuous Improvement: Safety is an ongoing process. It is essential to continually review and improve safety practices, learn from past incidents, and adapt to new challenges. Encouraging a culture of continuous improvement can lead to a safer workplace.In conclusion, safety in the workplace is a collective responsibility that we must all embrace. By understanding the risks, implementing appropriate measures, and fostering a culture of safety, we can create a workplace where employees can work without fear of harm. Let us commit to prioritizing safety and working together to ensure that our workplace is a safe and healthy environment for all.Thank you for your attention, and may we all strive to make safety a reality in our daily lives.[End of speech]第2篇Ladies and gentlemen,Good morning/afternoon/evening. It is my great honor to stand before you today to address an issue that is of paramount importance to each and every one of us – safety in the workplace. The theme of my speech is "Prioritizing Safety in the Workplace." As we all know, safety is not just a buzzword; it is the cornerstone of a successful and sustainable business.In the world we live in today, where technological advancements and globalization have become the norm, the importance of safety cannot be overstated. It is essential that we, as individuals and as a collective workforce, prioritize safety above all else. This speech aims to highlight the significance of safety in the workplace, the potentialconsequences of neglecting it, and the steps we can take to ensure a safe working environment.I. The Significance of Safety in the Workplace1. Protecting Human LifeThe most fundamental reason for prioritizing safety in the workplace is to protect the lives of our colleagues, friends, and family. Accidents and injuries can occur at any moment, and the repercussions can be devastating. By implementing safety measures, we can minimize the risk of accidents, thereby safeguarding the well-being of our employees.2. Enhancing ProductivityA safe workplace is a productive workplace. When employees feel secure and comfortable, they are more likely to focus on their tasks, resulting in higher productivity levels. Conversely, a workplace with safety issues can lead to decreased productivity, increased absenteeism, and higher turnover rates.3. Reducing CostsAccidents and injuries can be costly for businesses. The financial burden of medical expenses, compensation claims, and potential legal actions can erode profits and damage the company's reputation. By investing in safety, companies can save money in the long run.4. Complying with RegulationsIn many countries, there are stringent regulations and standards governing workplace safety. Non-compliance can result in fines, penalties, and even closure of the business. Prioritizing safety ensures that companies remain in compliance with these regulations, thus avoiding legal repercussions.II. The Consequences of Neglecting Safety1. Loss of Life and InjuryThe most tragic consequence of neglecting safety is the loss of life and injury. Each year, countless workers suffer from accidents and illnesses that could have been prevented with proper safety measures in place.2. Financial LossNeglecting safety can lead to significant financial loss for businesses. The costs associated with accidents, injuries, and legal actions can be substantial, and the impact on the company's reputation can be long-lasting.3. Decreased ProductivityA workplace with safety issues can lead to decreased productivity, as employees may be preoccupied with concerns about their own safety or dealing with the aftermath of an accident.4. Legal RepercussionsNon-compliance with safety regulations can result in legal actions, including fines, penalties, and even closure of the business. This can have a detrimental impact on the company's reputation and future prospects.III. Steps to Ensure a Safe Workplace1. Implementing Safety PoliciesIt is crucial for businesses to develop and implement comprehensive safety policies that cover all aspects of workplace safety. These policies should be clearly communicated to all employees and regularly reviewed and updated as needed.2. Providing Training and EducationRegular training and education on safety practices can help employees understand the risks they face and how to mitigate them. This includes training on the proper use of equipment, handling hazardous materials, and emergency procedures.3. Conducting Risk AssessmentsRegular risk assessments should be conducted to identify potential hazards in the workplace. This information can then be used to implement appropriate control measures to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries.4. Encouraging a Culture of SafetyCreating a culture of safety where employees feel comfortable reporting hazards and near-misses is essential. This can be achieved through open communication, recognition of safe behaviors, and regular safety meetings.5. Ensuring Proper Equipment and MaintenanceInvesting in high-quality equipment and ensuring regular maintenance can prevent accidents and injuries. Regular inspections and repairs should be carried out to keep equipment in good working condition.6. Providing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Employees should be provided with the necessary personal protective equipment to protect them from hazards. This includes items such as safety goggles, gloves, and helmets, and it is crucial that employees are trained on how to use them correctly.IV. ConclusionIn conclusion, prioritizing safety in the workplace is not just a moral imperative; it is a smart business decision. By implementing safety measures, companies can protect the well-being of their employees, enhance productivity, reduce costs, and comply with regulations. It is up to all of us to take responsibility for our safety and the safety of those around us. Let us work together to create a safe and healthy workplace for all.Thank you for your attention, and I hope that this speech hashighlighted the importance of safety in the workplace. Let us all commit to making safety a priority in our daily lives and strive for a future where accidents and injuries are a thing of the past.Thank you.第3篇Ladies and Gentlemen,Good morning/afternoon. It is my great honor to stand before you todayto address an issue that is not only critical to our organization but to every single individual who steps into a workplace. The topic at hand is none other than safety in production. As we all know, safety is not just a word; it is a commitment to life and health, a principle that shouldbe at the core of our daily operations.In the pursuit of productivity and efficiency, we sometimes overlook the most fundamental aspect of our work: the safety of our colleagues. However, let us not forget that every life is precious, and every injury or fatality in the workplace is a tragedy that could have been prevented. Therefore, it is imperative that we, as a collective, take a moment to reflect on the importance of safety and the steps we can take to ensure a secure working environment.The Significance of Safety in ProductionFirst and foremost, let us acknowledge the significance of safety in production. It is not merely about avoiding accidents; it is about fostering a culture of responsibility and respect for human life. When we prioritize safety, we are essentially investing in the well-being of our employees, our families, and our communities.1. Preventing Accidents and Injuries: Accidents can happen in the blink of an eye, leading to severe injuries or even fatalities. By adhering to safety protocols, we can significantly reduce the risk of such incidents, thereby safeguarding the health and well-being of our workforce.2. Reducing Costs: Although the initial investment in safety measures may seem substantial, it is a cost-effective strategy in the long run.By preventing accidents, we can save on medical expenses, compensation claims, and potential legal actions. Moreover, a safe workplace enhances employee morale, leading to higher productivity and lower turnover rates.3. Legal and Ethical Obligation: In many countries, there are stringent laws and regulations governing workplace safety. Non-compliance can result in hefty fines, reputational damage, and even imprisonment. Therefore, it is our ethical and legal obligation to ensure a safe working environment.Principles of Safety in ProductionTo achieve a safe workplace, we must adhere to certain principles that form the foundation of our safety culture. These principles include:1. Leadership Commitment: The management must demonstrate a strong commitment to safety by setting clear expectations, providing necessary resources, and actively participating in safety initiatives.2. Risk Assessment: Regularly identify potential hazards in the workplace and implement measures to mitigate them. This includes conducting risk assessments, training employees, and updating safety procedures.3. Prevention Focus: Instead of merely responding to accidents, we should focus on preventing them. This involves proactive measures such as using safety equipment, providing proper training, and maintaining a clean and organized workspace.4. Employee Involvement: Encourage employees to participate in safety initiatives by seeking their feedback, involving them in decision-making processes, and recognizing their contributions.5. Continuous Improvement: Safety is an ongoing process. We must constantly evaluate our safety measures, learn from past incidents, and adapt to new challenges.Implementing Safety MeasuresNow that we understand the importance of safety and the principles that guide it, let us discuss some practical measures we can implement to ensure a safe workplace:1. Training and Education: Provide comprehensive training on safety procedures, emergency response, and the proper use of equipment. Regularly update training materials to reflect changes in processes or technology.2. Safety Equipment: Ensure that all necessary safety equipment is readily available and in good working condition. This includes personal protective equipment (PPE), fire extinguishers, first-aid kits, and emergency exit signs.3. Maintenance and Inspections: Regularly inspect machinery, equipment, and facilities to identify potential hazards. Schedule routine maintenance to prevent breakdowns and ensure the safe operation of equipment.4. Communication: Establish clear communication channels to report safety concerns, incidents, and near-misses. Encourage an open and transparent culture where employees feel comfortable speaking up about safety issues.5. Incident Reporting and Investigation: Promptly investigate all incidents, regardless of their severity. Analyze the root causes, implement corrective actions, and communicate the findings to prevent recurrence.ConclusionIn conclusion, safety in production is not an option but a necessity. It is a commitment to the lives and health of our employees, a cost-effective strategy for our organization, and a legal and ethical obligation. By adhering to the principles of safety and implementing practical measures, we can create a workplace where every individual can work with peace of mind, knowing that their safety is a top priority.Let us all take this opportunity to recommit ourselves to safety and work together to create a culture where safety is not just a word but a way of life. Thank you for your attention, and may we all go home safe at the end of each day.Thank you.。

有关调查的英语作文

有关调查的英语作文Title: The Significance of Surveys: Understanding and Application。

Introduction:Surveys play a crucial role in gathering data, opinions, and insights from various demographics on a wide range of subjects. Whether conducted for academic research, market analysis, or public opinion gauging, surveys provide valuable information that shapes decisions and policies. In this essay, we delve into the significance of surveys,their methodologies, and their implications acrossdifferent fields.Importance of Surveys:Surveys serve as a primary tool for collecting data and opinions from a large population. They offer researchersand decision-makers a systematic way to gather information,analyze trends, and draw conclusions. For instance, in academic research, surveys help scholars understandsocietal trends, attitudes, and behaviors, facilitating the advancement of knowledge in various disciplines.Methodologies:Surveys employ diverse methodologies tailored to their objectives and target audience. Some common survey methods include online questionnaires, telephone interviews, face-to-face interviews, and mail-in surveys. Each method hasits advantages and limitations, influencing factors such as response rates, data accuracy, and cost-effectiveness.Online surveys, for example, have gained popularity due to their accessibility and cost-efficiency. They allow researchers to reach a wide audience quickly and analyze data in real-time. However, they may suffer from low response rates and sampling biases, as not all demographics have equal access to the internet or willingness to participate.Telephone interviews offer a personal touch and enable researchers to clarify questions or probe deeper into responses. However, they can be time-consuming and costly, especially when targeting large populations.Face-to-face interviews provide rich qualitative data and allow interviewers to establish rapport with participants. Yet, they demand significant resources in terms of time, manpower, and logistics.Mail-in surveys, although less common in the digital age, still serve certain demographics, especially in remote areas or among older populations. However, they often face challenges such as low response rates and lengthy data collection periods.Implications Across Fields:Surveys find applications across various fields, including academia, market research, healthcare, politics, and social sciences.In academia, surveys contribute to empirical research by providing data for hypothesis testing, trend analysis, and theory development. Researchers use surveys to explore topics ranging from psychology and sociology to economics and public health.In market research, surveys help businesses understand consumer preferences, market trends, and competitor analysis. By gathering feedback from customers, companies can improve products, tailor marketing strategies, and enhance customer satisfaction.In healthcare, surveys play a vital role in patient satisfaction assessment, outcome evaluation, and healthcare policy development. Healthcare providers use surveys to gather feedback on service quality, treatment outcomes, and patient experiences, leading to improvements in healthcare delivery.In politics, surveys inform electoral strategies, gauge public opinion on policy issues, and forecast election outcomes. Political parties, candidates, and policymakersrely on surveys to understand voter sentiment, identify key issues, and craft effective campaigns.In social sciences, surveys serve as a tool for studying human behavior, attitudes, and social phenomena. Sociologists, anthropologists, and psychologists use surveys to explore topics such as cultural norms, social inequalities, and individual preferences.Conclusion:Surveys play a pivotal role in data collection, analysis, and decision-making across various fields. By employing diverse methodologies and reaching a wide audience, surveys provide valuable insights that inform research, business strategies, policy decisions, and societal understanding. As technology continues to evolve, surveys will adapt and innovate, ensuring their continued relevance in the ever-changing landscape of data collection and analysis.。

西川电子D3000M模Bus系列计算机到模 distance模块说明书

D3000M MODBUS SERIESCOMPUTER TO ANALOG OUTPUT MODULESD3000M FEATURES•Analog output ranges: 0-1V, ±1V, 0-5V, ±5V, 0-10V,±10V, 0-20mA, 4-20mA.•Communicates in ASCII with RS-232 or RS-485 serial ports.•Programmable high/low output limits.•500Vrms output isolation.•12-bit output resolution.•Scaling in engineering units.•Baud rates: 300 to 115,200.•Nonvolatile digital calibration.•Output protection: 240VAC (current output).±30V (voltage outputs).•Direct connection to ‘dumb’ terminals or modems.•Requires +10 to +30Vdc unregulated supply.•May be located up to 4,000 feet from host (RS-485).•Addressable: up to 247 Modbus units per serial port.•‘Bumpless’ manual control inputs.D3000M PROGRAMMING FEATURES•Fully programmable output slopes: 0.01V/s (mA/s) to 65535V/s (mA/s).•Programmable watchdog timer provides orderly shutdown in the event of host failure. APPLICATIONS•Motion control•Motor speed control•Robotic welding control•Interfaces to modems•Programmable analog source for product testD3000M SPECIFICATIONS (typical @+25°C and nominal power supply unless otherwise noted.)Analog Output•Single channel analog output.Voltage: 0-1V, ±1V, 0-5V, ±5V, 0-10V,±10V. Current: 0-20mA, 4-20mA.•Output isolation: 500V rms.Communications•Communications in ASCII via RS-232C, RS-485 ports.•Selectable baud rates: 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600,19200, 38400, 57600, 115200.•NRZ asynchronous data format; 1 start bit, 7 data bits, 1 parity bit and 1 stop bit.•Parity: odd, even, none.•User selectable channel address.•ASCII format command/response protocol.•Up to 247 Modbus multidrop modules/host serial port.•Communications distance up to 4,000 feet (RS-485).•Can be used with “dumb” terminal.•All communications setups (address, baud rate, parity) stored in nonvolatile memory using EEPROM.•Checksum can be added to any command or response. PowerRequirements:Unregulated +10V to +30Vdc, 0.75W max. (voltage output), 1.0W max. (current output). Internal switching regulator.Protected against power supply reversals.EnvironmentalTemperature Range: Operating -25°C to +70°C.Storage -25°C to +85°C. Relative Humidity: 0 to 95% noncondensing. NOTE: Spacing for mounting screws = 2.700" (6.858 cm).Screw threads are 6 X 32.D3000M Ordering GuideMODEL OUTPUT RANGE/INPUTVoltage OutputD3121M±1V Output/RS-232C InputD3122M±1V Output/RS-485 InputD3131M±5V Output/RS-232C InputD3132M±5V Output/RS-485 InputD3141M±10V Output/RS-232C InputD3142M±10V Output/RS-485 InputD3161M0 to 1V Output/RS-232C InputD3162M0 to 1V Output/RS-485 InputD3171M0 to 5V Output/RS-232C InputD3172M0 to 5V Output/RS-485 InputD3181M0 to 10V Output/RS-232C InputD3182M0 to 10V Output/RS-485 InputCurrent OutputD3251M0 to 20mA Output/RS-232C InputD3252M0 to 20mA Output/RS-485 InputD3261M 4 to 20mA Output/RS-232C InputD3262M 4 to 20mA Output/RS-485 InputGENERAL DESCRIPTION & BLOCK DIAGRAMThe DGH D3000M series are complete computer-to-analog output interfaces. They are designed designed for systems based on the Modbus™ RTU protocol. Simple Modbus commands are used to control a 12-bit DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) which is scaled to provide commonly used current and voltage ranges. An 8-bit CMOS microprocessor provides an intelligent interface between the host and the DAC.The DGH modules are easy to use. You do not need engineering experience in complicated data acquisition hardware. This modular approach to data acquisition is extremely flexible and cost effective. The modules can be mixed and matched to fit the application. They can be placed remote from the host and from each other. You can string up to 247 modules on one set of wires.Figure 1 shows a functional block diagram of theD3000M. The DAC converts digital data derived from host commands into the desired analog output. The microprocessor receives commands and data from the host computer through an RS-232 or RS-485 port.In response to host commands, the microprocessor produces the appropriate digital data necessary to control the DAC. Digital data is transmitted to the DAC through opto-isolators that provide electrical isolation. The DAC produces a precise analog current that is directly propor-tional to the magnitude of the digital data. The DAC output current is processed and amplified by signal conditioning circuits to produce the desired output voltage or current. Output protection circuits protect the module from potentially damaging output faults.An EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) retains important data such as the ad-dress, baud rate, parity and calibration data even if the module is powered down.The power supply converts the raw 10 to 30V input power into regulated voltages used to operate the module. The power it supplies to the DAC and output circuits is transformer isolated from the input power and communi-cations connections. The transformer and opto-isolators provide an isolation barrier between the output section and the rest of the circuitry. The isolation barrier is helpful in breaking ground loops, isolating troublesome common-mode voltages and protects the host and module in cases where the output may accidentally contact AC power lines.The combination of an accurate high-resolution DAC and a dedicated microprocessor produces a very powerful system for generating process control signals. The microprocessor provides software addressing for mul-tidrop capability, data formatting in engineering units, limit checking, digital calibration and many other features not possible with unintelligent analog output systems.All modules are supplied with screw terminal plug con-nectors and captive mounting hardware. The connectors allow system expansion, reconfiguration or repair without disturbing field wiring.Figure 1. D3000M Block Diagram.MANUAL MODEManual Up/Down control option provides a local operator interface to control the analog output value independent of the host. As shown in Figure 2, the analog output may be moved up or down by shorting the UP* or DN* inputs to the GND terminal. Grounding both pins at once holds the output at its present value and inhibits any output commands from the communications ports. The control inputs may also be logic signals from other equipment. The manual mode controls the output with a linear slope. The slope rate on D3000M modules is fixed and scaledso that a full-scale output change takes 5 seconds.MostFigure 2. Manual Up/Down Control.Most DACs provide a step function when a new output value is desired. That is, the analog output change is in-stantaneous subject only to DAC settling time. In many applications this characteristic is undesirable and a grad-ual controlled output slew rate is more appropriate. In ap-plications where controlled output rates are needed, pre-cious host computer time must be used to continually monitor and step the DAC until the desired output is reached.The D3000M allows controlled output slopes automati-cally without host computer intervention. User-program-mable output slew rates are stored in nonvolatile memory. If a command is sent to the D3000M to change SLOPE CONTROLCOMMAND SETThe D3000M series uses the Modbus RTU protocol for communication. The Modbus protocol uses a master-slave technique, in which only the master device can initiate transactions. The slave devices respond by supplying the requested data to the master or by taking the action requested in the query.The master can address any slave. The returned messages are considered response messages.The Modbus protocol format used by a master con-sists of a device address, a command function code which defines the operation to be performed, data required with the command, and an error checking value. The slave response message contains any required data and error checking value. If an error occurs, an exception code will be generated. The supported master codes are:Code Description01Read Coil Status02Read Input Status03Read Holding Register04Read Input Register06Preset Single Register10Preset Multiple Registers01Read Coil Status is a digital input such as contact status or contact closure.02Read Status inputs reads the status of dis-crete inputs.03Read Holding Register is used to read the analog output value.04Read Input Register is used to read the ana log output value.06Preset Single Register is used to temporarily suspend Modbus RTU mode and return toDGH ASCII protocol mode.10Presset Multiple Registers is used to write multiple data values to multiple registers.Typical Command/Response sequenceA typical Modbus RTU command to a module may look like this:01 06 00 00 80 00 EB 0AThis example is a Modbus Force Single Coil command. The 01 is the address of the slave DGH module being commanded. Each slave device must have its own unique address. The 06 character specifies the Modbus Preset Single Register command. The next two charac-ters 00 00 specify the address of the register to be modified. The 80 00 is the data value to be written. The final two characters of the command (EB 0A) make up the Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC), used to check for errors in the message.The typical response message for this command is to echo the command back to the host computer. There-fore, the response message would look like this:01 06 00 00 80 00 EB 0AAny other response message, other than the echoed command, would indicate that a Modbus exception error code was returned or communications time out occurred. All messages must be transmitted as continuous strings. Messages are terminated by a silent period of at least 3.5 character times.SETUPThe D3000M series are initiated at the factory using the DGH ASCII protocol. This allows easy setup and con-figuration, including the Modbus slave address value. Setup and configuration can be performed using a Ter-minal program or using the DGH Utility Software on a Windows based computer. Each D3000M module must be properly configured before installation into a Modbus system.SOFTWARE COMPATABILITYThe Modbus RTU protocol is supported by all major process control software programs on the market today. Including OPC server programs. Using these software programs and the DGH Modbus compatible modules, a data acquisition system can be created with ease.the output value, the output will automatically slope to the new value at the specified rate. The nonvolatile slope value is restored each time the module is pow-ered up.The D3000M microprocessor controls the output slew rate by updating the DAC at a rate of 1000 conversions per second at precise 1ms intervals. In this manner the DAC is smoothly stepped until the final output value is reached. The DAC's incremental output steps and its conversion rate combine to make the output change appear to be a linear ramp.WATCHDOG TIMERThe D3000M contains a user-programmable software timer to provide an orderly shutdown of the output sig-nal in the event of host computer or communications failure. The timer is preset using the Watchdog Timer command to specify a timer interval in minutes. The timer is continually incremented in software. Each time the module receives a valid command, the timer is cleared to zero and restarted. If the timer count reaches the preset value, the output will automatically be forced to slew to the starting value using the present output slope rate. The starting value should be programmed to provide a "safe" output value to minimize damage and disruption to the system under control.。

西妥昔单抗对食管鳞状细胞癌患者的近期疗效及CEA、SCC、CA50、Caveolin-1表达的影响

西妥昔单抗对食管鳞状细胞癌患者的近期疗效及CEA、SCC、CA50、Caveolin-1表达的影响作者：***来源：《中国医学创新》2022年第08期【摘要】目的：探討西妥昔单抗对食管鳞状细胞癌患者疗效及肿瘤标志物、Caveolin-1表达的影响。

方法：选取2017年3月-2019年3月佳木斯市中心医院收治的104例食管鳞状细胞癌患者，按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组，每组52例。

对照组给予顺铂+氟尿嘧啶化疗方案治疗，观察组采用西妥昔单抗联合顺铂+氟尿嘧啶化疗方案治疗。

比较两组临床疗效、Caveolin-1阳性表达率、血清肿瘤标志物水平[癌胚抗原（CEA）、鳞状细胞癌相关抗原（SCC）、糖链抗原50（CA50）]、生存期指标、不良反应发生情况。

结果：观察组失访3例、未严格执行化疗方案2例，对照组失访2例、自愿退出研究2例，剔除本研究。

治疗后，观察组客观缓解率（ORR）、疾病控制率（DCR）分别为44.68%（21/47）、63.83%（30/47），均高于对照组的25.00%（12/48）、41.67%（20/48），差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

治疗后，两组CEA、SCC、CA50水平均低于治疗前，且观察组均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

第1、2、3个疗程后，观察组Caveolin-1阳性表达率均低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

观察组的无进展生存期（PFS）、总生存期（OS）均长于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

两组不良反应发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

结论：西妥昔单抗联合DF化疗方案对食管鳞状细胞癌患者治疗效果显著，能够提升患者的疾病控制率和客观缓解率，降低肿瘤标志物水平，抑制Caveolin-1的阳性表达，延长患者的生命周期，治疗安全性良好。

【关键词】食管鳞状细胞癌顺铂氟尿嘧啶西妥昔单抗肿瘤标志物Effect of Cetuximab on the Expression of CEA， SCC， CA50 and Caveolin-1 in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma/AN Jing. //Medical Innovation of China， 2022， 19（08）： -159[Abstract] Objective： To investigate the effect of Cetuximab on the expression of tumor markers and Caveolin-1 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Method： A total of 104 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma admitted to Jiamusi Central Hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 were selected， they were divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method， 52 cases in each group. The control group was treated with Cisplatin + Fluorouracil chemotherapy， while the observation group was treated with Cetuximab combined with Cisplatin + Fluorouracil chemotherapy. The clinical efficacy， positive expression rate of Caveolin-1， serum tumor markers [carcinoembryonic antigen （CEA），squamous cell carcinoma associated antigen （SCC）， sugar chain antigen 50 （CA50）]，survival indices and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between two groups. Result： In the observation group， 3 patients were lost to follow-up and 2 patients did not strictly follow the chemotherapy regimen， while in the control group， 2 patients were lost to follow-up and 2 patients voluntarily withdrew from the study， they were eliminated. After treatment， the objective response rate （ORR） and disease control rate （DCR） of the observation group were 44.68% （21/47）and 63.83% （30/47）， respectively， which were higher than 25.00% （12/48） and 41.67% （20/48） of the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. After treatment， CEA， SCC and CA50 levels of both groups were lower than those before treatment，and those of the observation group were lower than those of the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. After the first， second and third course， the positive expression rates of Caveolin-1 of the observation group were lower than those of the control group，the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The progression-free survival （PFS） and overall survival （OS） of the observation group were longer than those of the control group， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion： Cetuximab combined with Cisplatin + Fluorouracil chemotherapy is effective in the treatment of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma， which can improve the disease control rate and objective remission rate， reduce the level of tumor markers， inhibit the positive expression of Caveolin-1，prolong the life cycle of patients with good safety.[Key words] Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Cisplatin Fluorouracil Cetuximab Tumor markersFirst-author’s address： Jiamusi Central Hospital， Heilongjiang Province， Jiamusi 154002，Chinadoi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2022.08.038食管癌为临床常见的上消化道恶性肿瘤，是食管上皮细胞在各种诱因的作用下导致的癌变，病理分型以鳞癌居多[1-2]。

电子邮件调查的优点和缺点英语作文

电子邮件调查的优点和缺点英语作文Advantages and Disadvantages of Email Surveys.Email surveys are a convenient and cost-effective way to collect data from a large number of people. They are easy to design and administer, and can be sent to respondents electronically. However, email surveys also have some disadvantages, such as low response rates and potential for bias.Advantages.Cost-effective: Email surveys are much cheaper to administer than other methods of data collection, such as mail surveys or telephone surveys.Convenient: Email surveys can be sent to respondents electronically, making them easy to complete. Respondents can complete the survey at their own convenience, and they do not have to worry about mailing it back.Timely: Email surveys can be sent out and collected quickly, making them a good option for time-sensitive research projects.Easy to design: Email surveys can be created using a variety of online survey design tools. These tools make it easy to create visually appealing surveys that are easy to understand.Large sample size: Email surveys can be sent to a large number of people, making it possible to collect data from a representative sample of the population.Disadvantages.Low response rates: Email surveys typically have low response rates, which can make it difficult to generalize the results to the entire population.Potential for bias: Email surveys are subject to self-selection bias, meaning that the people who respond to thesurvey are not necessarily representative of the entire population.Technology limitations: Email surveys require respondents to have access to a computer and an email account. This can limit the reach of the survey to certain populations.Spam filters: Email surveys can be caught in spam filters, which can prevent them from reaching respondents.Data security: Email surveys may not be secure, which can put respondents' data at risk.中文回答：电子邮件调查的优点。

调查工作总结的英文

调查工作总结的英文Certainly! Here's a summary of the survey work in English:Survey Work Summary1. Objectives and Scope- The survey aimed to assess the current market trends, consumer preferences, and competitor analysis within the industry.2. Methodology- A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was employed, including online surveys, in-person interviews, and secondary data analysis.3. Sample Size and Demographics- The survey involved 1,200 participants, representing a diverse demographic spread across age, gender, and income levels.4. Key Findings- Key insights included a shift towards sustainable products, a preference for online shopping, and a significant influence of social media on purchasing decisions.5. Data Analysis- Data was analyzed using statistical software to identify patterns and correlations, with a focus on consumer behavior and market segmentation.6. Challenges and Limitations- Challenges faced included low response rates in certain demographic groups and potential biases in self-reported data.7. Recommendations- Based on the findings, recommendations were made to enhance the company's online presence, diversify product offerings, and leverage social media for marketing.8. Conclusion- The survey provided valuable insights into consumer behavior and market dynamics, guiding strategic business decisions for the upcoming year.9. Next Steps- Further research is planned to delve deeper intospecific consumer segments and to test new product concepts.10. Appendix- Detailed survey questions, response rates, and raw data are included in the appendix for reference.This summary encapsulates the essence of a typical surveywork report, highlighting the process, findings, and implications for future actions.。

调查问卷局限性和不足英语作文

The Limitations and Shortcomings of SurveyQuestionnairesSurvey questionnaires are a common tool used in research to gather data from a large number of individuals. While they provide a convenient and efficient means of collecting information, they also have their limitations and shortcomings. In this article, we will explore some of the key limitations and shortcomings of survey questionnaires.One of the primary limitations of survey questionnaires is the reliance on self-reporting. Participants are asked to provide information about themselves, their opinions, and their behaviors. However, this self-reporting can be subject to biases and errors. Participants may have a tendency to provide socially desirable answers or to overestimate or underestimate their own abilities or behaviors. This can lead to inaccurate and unreliable data. Another limitation of survey questionnaires is the lack of context. Survey questions are typically presented in a de-contextualized manner,剥离了具体上下文，making it difficult for participants to fully understand and respondto the questions. For example, a question asking about a person's satisfaction with a product may not provide enough information about the product or the person's usage experience to allow for a meaningful response. This can lead to confusion and misinterpretation among participants. Additionally, survey questionnaires often suffer from low response rates and non-response bias. Not all individuals who are invited to participate in a survey will actually complete it, and those who do respond may not be representative of the target population. This can introduce bias into the data, making it difficult to generalize the findings to the broader population.Moreover, survey questionnaires are limited by their structure and format. They are typically closed-ended, with pre-defined options for participants to choose from. This limits the ability of participants to provide detailed and nuanced answers, and may not capture the full range of opinions and experiences. Open-ended questions can provide more flexibility and allow for richer responses, but they can also be more difficult to analyze and interpret.Finally, survey questionnaires can be affected by cultural and linguistic differences. Participants from different cultures and backgrounds may interpret questions differently or have difficulty understanding them due to language barriers. This can lead to misunderstandings and inaccuracies in the data.In conclusion, while survey questionnaires are a useful tool for collecting data, they have limitations and shortcomings that need to be considered when designing and analyzing surveys. Relying solely on self-reporting,lacking context, low response rates, closed-ended questions, and cultural and linguistic differences can all introduce bias and inaccuracies into the data. To mitigate these limitations, researchers should consider using multiple methods of data collection, including interviews, observations, and focus groups, to triangulate theirfindings and improve the accuracy and reliability of their research.**调查问卷的局限性和不足**调查问卷是在研究中从大量个体中收集数据的一种常见工具。

登革热上报标准

登革热上报标准Dengue fever is a serious disease that is prevalent in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world. It is caused by a virus transmitted by mosquitoes, particularly the Aedes aegypti species. Dengue fever is a significant public health concern due to its potential to cause severe illness and even death in some cases. Therefore, it is crucial to have proper reporting standards in place to monitor and control outbreaks effectively.登革热是一种严重的疾病，在世界许多热带和亚热带地区都很常见。

它是由蚊子传播的病毒引起的，特别是埃及伊蚊这种蚊子。

登革热是一个重要的公共卫生问题，因为它有潜力引起严重的疾病甚至死亡。

因此，制定适当的上报标准非常重要，以便有效监测和控制疫情。

The first step in developing a standardized reporting system for dengue fever is to establish clear definitions and criteria for case identification. This includes defining what constitutes a confirmed case of dengue fever, as well as outlining the specific symptoms and laboratory tests that should be used to diagnose the disease. By having standardized definitions in place, health authorities canensure that all cases are accurately identified and reported, allowing for better surveillance and response efforts.建立登革热标准化的上报系统的第一步是建立清晰的定义和病例识别标准。

英语调查问卷背景分析模板

Introduction:The background analysis of a survey questionnaire is a crucial component in ensuring that the survey is well-designed, relevant, and capable of providing valuable insights. This template provides a structured approach to analyzing the background of an English survey questionnaire, including the rationale for the survey, the target audience, the context of the survey, and the potential challenges and limitations.1. Rationale for the Survey:The rationale for conducting the survey should be clearly outlined, including:- Objective: What is the primary goal of the survey? (e.g., to assess customer satisfaction, to gather insights on market trends, to evaluate program effectiveness)- Justification: Why is this survey necessary? What gap in knowledge or understanding does it address?- Importance: How will the findings from this survey contribute to the field or organization?2. Target Audience:Understanding the target audience is essential for crafting an effective survey. Consider the following:- Demographics: Age, gender, income level, education, employment status, etc.- Geographics: Location, region, country, urban/suburban/rural setting.- Psychographics: Values, attitudes, interests, lifestyles.- Sample Size and Sampling Method: How many participants are needed, and how will they be selected?3. Context of the Survey:The context in which the survey is being conducted should be thoroughly analyzed:- Timing: When is the survey being conducted, and why? (e.g., seasonal factors, coinciding with an event)- Environment: Is the survey being conducted in a controlled setting or in the participants' natural environment?- Cultural Considerations: Are there cultural factors that may influence responses?- Legal and Ethical Considerations: Have all necessary permissions and ethical guidelines been followed?4. Survey Design and Content:The design and content of the survey should be analyzed to ensureclarity and relevance:- Question Format: Are the questions clear, unbiased, and easily understandable?- Response Options: Are the response options comprehensive and mutually exclusive?- Length: Is the survey too long or too short to gather the necessary information?- Language: Is the language appropriate for the target audience?5. Potential Challenges and Limitations:Identifying potential challenges and limitations can help mitigate risks and improve the survey process:- Response Rate: What strategies will be employed to maximize the response rate?- Non-response Bias: How will non-response bias be addressed?- Data Quality: What measures will be taken to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data?- Analysis: How will the data be analyzed, and what statistical methods will be used?- Limitations: Are there any inherent limitations in the survey designor methodology that could affect the findings?Conclusion:The background analysis of an English survey questionnaire is a comprehensive review of the survey's purpose, target audience, context, design, and potential challenges. By carefully considering these factors, researchers can develop a survey that is well-suited to address the research objectives and provide meaningful insights. This templateserves as a guide to ensure that no critical aspects of the survey are overlooked, leading to a more robust and impactful study.。

血清效价的表达方式

血清效价的表达方式Serum titer is an important measure of the concentration of antibodies in the blood. It provides valuable information on the immune response to pathogens or vaccines. When expressing serum titers, different units can be used such as dilution factors or titration endpoints. The choice of unit could affect the interpretation and comparability of results among different studies. Therefore, it is essential to have a standardized way to express serum titers to ensure accurate and reliable data.血清效价是血液中抗体浓度的重要指标。

它提供了有关对病原体或疫苗的免疫反应的宝贵信息。

在表达血清效价时，可以使用不同的单位，如稀释因子或滴度终点。

单位的选择可能会影响对不同研究结果的解释和比较。

因此，有必要制定一种标准化的方法来表达血清效价，以确保数据的准确性和可靠性。

In research and clinical settings, serum titers are often used to assess the levels of antibodies produced in response to infections or vaccinations. By measuring the highest dilution at which antibodies can still be detected, researchers can determine the strength of theimmune response. This information is crucial for understanding the effectiveness of a vaccine or the progression of an infection. Therefore, accurate and consistent expression of serum titers is essential for making informed decisions based on the results.在研究和临床环境中，血清效价通常用于评估免疫应答中产生的抗体水平，对感染或疫苗接种作出评估。

写给客户的信英语范文

写给客户的信英语范文Dear Valued Customer,I hope this letter finds you in good health and high spirits. It is with great pleasure that I reach out to you today to express our sincere gratitude for your continued support and trust in our services.Over the years, we have strived to provide you with the highest quality products and exceptional customer service. Your satisfaction has always been our top priority, and we are committed to upholding this promise.As we continue to grow and evolve, we are excited to share with you some of the new developments and improvements we have made to enhance your experience with us. Our team has been working tirelessly to refine our processes and introduce innovative solutions that cater to your evolving needs.We understand that your time is valuable, and we want to ensure that every interaction with us is as seamless and efficient as possible. To this end, we have implemented new technologies and streamlined our operations to reduce wait times and improve response rates.Moreover, we are constantly seeking your feedback to better understand your expectations and preferences. Your insights are invaluable to us, and we are dedicated toincorporating your suggestions into our ongoing efforts to improve.As we look to the future, we are confident that our commitment to excellence will continue to deliver the exceptional service you have come to expect from us. We look forward to the opportunity to serve you for many years to come and to build an even stronger partnership.Thank you once again for choosing us as your trusted provider. We are here to assist you with any questions or concerns you may have. Please do not hesitate to reach out to us at your convenience.Warm regards,[Your Name][Your Position][Your Company]。