定语从句复习

有关系代词或关系副词引导用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词（主语、宾语、表语）并起定语作用的从句, 叫定语从句。

定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词, 从句跟在先行词（定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后）后面。

定语从句的构成方法是：关系代词或副词+陈述句语序, 关系代词有: who, whom, whose, which, that, as等; 关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系代词有双重功能, 一方面代表前面所修饰的先行词, 把从句与先行词连接起来; 另一方面引导出从句并在从句中充当某种句子成分。

Eg：1.The number of people who/that losthomes reached as many as 250,000.2.It sounded like a train which/thatwas going under my house.关系代词1先行词前有下列词语修饰时，定语从句必须用that 引导。

1）all, every,any, little, few, much, no, only, very, the + 序数词, the+形容词最高级eg.This is the cleanest park that you can imagine eg.This is the cleanest park that you can imagine eg.He talked about the things and personshe had visited in the city.2）在who 或which 引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用that 引导。

eg.Who is the man is standing over there. 3）先行词在从句中作表语时，限制性定语从句通常用that 引导。

（常可省略）eg,.She is no longer the girl that she was beforeshe went to the country2whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。

eg. That’s the man whose house wasburned down.That’s the machine whose parts are too small tosee.3关系代词指物时只用which不用that的情况(1) 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词提前至关系代词前时只用which, 但当介词在从句句尾时, 两者皆可。

This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.= This is the question which / that we’ve had so much discussion about.(2) 在非限定性定语从句中必须用which不能用that。

This is the book which/that I’m looking for.They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.注：当关系代词作look after, look fortake care of等不能拆开使用的及物动词性短语（. 含有介词的动词短语）的宾语时, 介词不可以提前。

4在非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法：在非限制性定语从句中，通常用who,whom,whose 指人，用which 指物。

1.非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不是很密切，它仅对先行词作一些附加说明，如果去掉，并不影响先行词所指意义，主句的意思仍然清楚。

eg.Marry’s brother, who isan engineer, works inmy factoryeg.They will fly toKungming, where theyplan to stay for two days关系副词1. 关系副词where指地点, 在从句中作地点状语。

This is the house where he lived.2. 关系副词when指时间, 在从句中作时间状语。

I’ll never forget the days when we played together.3. 关系副词why指原因, 在从句中作原因状语。

He explained the reason why he was late.注意: 关系副词有时可用介词+which来代替。

如上句中where=in which; when=on which; why=forwhichEg：1. I remember the day. “The Beatles” played theirfirst hit on that day.I remember the day when “The Beatles”played their first hit.2. The guitar was lost while he was touring.George gave many performances with it.The guitar with which George gave many performances was lost while he was touring. 3. The musicians were very popular. They workedwith the musicians.The musicians with whom they worked werevery popular.介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句语一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。

当关系代词在定语从句中作介词定语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。

例如：The man whom\who\that\you should write to is Mr. White. (whom 作to 的宾语，to在谓语动词之后)=The man to whom you should write is Mr. Write. (介词to置于whom前，whom 作宾语)你该给他写信的那个人是怀特先生一、当先行词指人时，用“介词+whom”句型注意：此时不用who或that。

(1)The person to whom I lent my bicycle is Mr. Ball. （whom不能省略，也不用who 或that）(2)The girl with whom my sister visited the Great Wall has just come back from London二、先行词指物时，用“介词+which”句型注意：先行词指物时，不能用关系代词that直接跟在介词后作宾语。

例如：1.The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bike. （which不能改为that）2.The house to which he took us was very old. （which不能改为that）三、介词的选择和运用是重中之重1.根据介词与先行词的搭配习惯确定介词。

先行词不同，与之习惯搭配的介词也不同。

例如：(1)Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time?(2)Do you still remember the days during which we worked together?2.根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词。

动词不同，要求与之搭配的介词不同，动词与不同介词的搭配所表达的意义也大相径庭。

例如：(1)He lost the book in which he kept many telephone numbers. (2)I don’t know the person to whom you talked just now.注意: “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句, 关系代词只能用which和whom, 且不能省略。

介词主要根据三个方面来选择: 一是先行词与介词的搭配; 二是定语从句中谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配; 三是根据“介词+关系代词”在从句中的作用及意义。

1当关系代词作look after, look fortake care of等不能拆开使用的及物动词性短语（. 含有介词的动词短语）的宾语时, 介词不可以提前。

2若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose定语从句考点归纳1.that与which1.Nothing ___that___ can be done has been done.2.Do you have anything _that_____ you don’t understand ?注：先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that1.This is the best TV _that____ is made in China.2.The first museum __that___ he visited in China was the History Museum.注：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用thatI’ve read all the books _that____ you lent me.注：先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 修饰时,引导定语从句用that1.The famous writer and his works _that____ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.2.A victim is a person, animal or thing _that____ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.注：先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that。

Who _that____ you have ever seen can do it better?注：who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that1.Her bag, in ___which_____ she put all her money, has been stolen.2.This is the ring on ____which______ she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang ,with _____whom___ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.注：在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom２如何判断介词1)看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配This is the book _for__ which you asked注意：动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前The old man whom I am looking after is better . 2).看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books _with____ which I am not very familiar.3) 根据先行词判断, 所用的介词与先行词搭配This is our classroom, _____in the front of________ which there is a teacher’s desk.3Whose 的使用whose 引导的定语从句：表示所属关系The river ___whose____ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.There are in this class 20 students,__abc____ are different.•A. whose backgrounds•B. the backgrounds of whom•C. of whom the backgrounds•D. the backgrounds of whose4 as 的使用The earth is round, _as__ we all know.__As_ is known to all, the earth is round.___It is known to all that the earth isround.注：定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的•This is the same book as I lost.这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。