考研英语长难句翻译之四大状语从句
考研英语长难句:状语从句
考研英语长难句:状语从句
状语从句(Adverbial Clause)指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。
1.时间状语从句【第1句】
(1)时间状语从句的定义
用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。连接时间状语从句的连接词有:when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since...... 如果主句是一般将来时,从句只能用一般现在时表示将来意义。
(2)时间状语从句-从属连词
引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有when(当……时),
while(在……期间),as(当……,一边……一边……),
before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(从……以来),till/until(直到),whenever(无论何时),as soon as(一……就)等。注意:在时间状语从句中,不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时,而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。
2.地点状语从句【第2句】
地点状语从句通常由where,everywhere和wherever引导,用来表达主句的动作发生的场所,已经形成了固定的句型:
句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如:
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析 形式主语
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析形式主语
Perhaps we know more about the world than we used to, and insofar as knowledge is prerequisite to understanding, that's all to the good. But knowledge is not as much a prerequisite to understanding as is commonly supposed.
【翻译】
也许比起过去,我们现在对世界知道得更多了,并且只要知道是理解的前提,那就没啥问题。但是知道并不像人们通常想像的那样,真的就是理解的前提。
【语法分析】
第一句是一个并列复合句。首先,在大的层面上,它是一个并列句,用and连接起来。
其次,在小的层面上,第一个分句是一个主从复合句,Perhaps we know more about the world 是主句,than we used to是一个比较状语从句。在这里used to表示“过去曾经”,后面省略了know.
所以,这是一个并列复合句。
第二个分句也是主从复合句,that's all to the good是主句,意思是“那就是好的,没问题的”。
主句前面的句子是条件状语从句,insofar as就是in so far as, insofar 是一个介词短语,加上as后,意思是to the extent that,“到......的程度”,“在......的范围内”,我们可以把insofar as看成是一个连词,引导一个条件状语从句。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译y
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译
1. The mergers of telecom companies , such as WorldCom , hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress .
结构:
•The mergers of telecom companies [主] , such as WorldCom [插入语] , hardly seem to bring [谓] higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress [宾]
单词:
Hardly n.几乎不简直不刚刚
Reduction n.减少消减缩减
pace n.节奏速度
Peace n.和平
Progress n.进步进展vt.使...发展
Process n.过程进程vt.加工处理
词组:
Such as 例如
Seem to 似乎好像
直译:通信公司的合并,比如世界通信公司,似乎并没有给消费者带来高额的费用或者是科技进程的减缓
译文:像世界通信公司这样的电信公司的合并,似乎没有给消费者带来更高的费用,或者减缓技术的进步速度
重点:
•Seem to 似乎好像
2. On the contrary , the price of communications is coming down fast . In cars , too , concentration is increasing——witness Daimler and Chrysler , Renault and Nissan —— but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt .
(完整版)长难句重难点整理
长难句(1)
考研英语长难句四大类型及五大特点
一、长难句的特点
英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句,复杂句里可能有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列或平行。从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。
英语长难句五大特点:
1)结构复杂,逻辑层次多;
2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;
3)常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;
4)并列成分多;
5)修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长;
二、考研英语长难句分析类别
第一类:复杂修饰成分
句子本不难,但是修饰成分多且长。1、从句(定语、状语、同位语从句等)修饰;2、介词短语修饰;3、分词修饰;4、不定式修饰。经常是在同一个句子里既有从句又有介词短语,且都不止一个.
例:The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential.
分析:主语:The methods;谓语:come into being;that a community devises to perpetuate itself为定语从句,修饰the methods;不定式to表示目的状语;that community perceives as essential为定语从句,修饰the cultural legacy。
(全)考研英语:长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结
(全)考研英语:长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结
考研英语:长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结
真题实战
His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
结构分析
这个句⼦是⼀个复合句,主句部分是His function is analogous to that of a judge。其后who must accept the obligation 是⼀个定语从句。obligation 后⾯的of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision的难点是in as obvious a manner as possible,这段状语的位置有点乱放,⽤改放到句末去,也就是说这段的顺序是of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。
词汇释义
function n. 作⽤,职责
analogous a. 相似的,类似的
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文u
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文
1. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively ; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors ( including his father ) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half .
结构:
•Thus the American president and vice-president [主] have [谓] surnames [宾] starting with B and C respectively [定] ;
•and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors ( including his father ) [主] had [谓] surnames [宾] in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half [定]
单词:
Respectively ad分别地
Predecessor n.前任
词组:
Start with 从...开始
Vice-president 副总统
直译:因此,美国总统和副总统的姓氏分别以B和C开头;乔治布什的前任总统中(包括他的父亲)有26位的姓氏在字母表的前半部分,只有16位的姓氏在字母表的后半部分
2020考研英语:语法长难句之状语从句句型结构应用.doc
2020考研英语:语法长难句之状语从句句型
结构应
考研英语有许多题目组成,方便大家及时了解,下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语:语法长难句之状语从句句型结构应用”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!
2020考研英语:语法长难句之状语从句句型结构应用
一、理论常识
状语从句,属于副词性从句,简单说就是从句在句子中担任状语,分为时间、目的、地点、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果、原因9种状语after
,
before
,
while
,
until
,
till
,
since
,
as
soon
as
,
everytime
,
the
moment等
地点引导词:where ,
wherever等
原因引导词:because ,
since=now
that
,
as等
条件引导词:
if
,
whether
,
unless
,
as
long
as
,on
condition
that
,
providing
that等
结果引导词:so /
such
...
that
,
so等
目的引导词:in order
that
,
so
that等
让步引导词:
though
,
although
,
however
,
whatever=no matter
what
even
if
,
even though
,
as
(倒装)
等
方式引导词:as ,
as
if等
比较引导词:
than
,
as
...
as
,
the
more
...
,
the
more
...
等
二、试题举例
例句1:
While formal
learning
is
transmitted
by
teachers selected
to
perform
this
role
,
informal
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析as well as
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析as well as
It's true, of course, that you should be able to remember what the author said as well as know what he meant. Being informed is prerequisite to being enlightened. The point, however, is not to stop at being informed.
【翻译】
当然下面的话肯定是对的,那就是你除了应该知道作者的意思,还要能记住他的话。被告知是受到启迪的前提条件。然而关键问题是,你不能只停留在被告知上。
【语法分析】
第一句是一个主从复合句。It's true是主句。其中it是一个形式主义,而真正的主语则是后面的that从句。
that从句中be able 后面跟了两个不定式短语,一个是to remember,一个是to know.
remember后面跟了一个宾语从句what the author said,而know 后面也跟了自己的宾语从句what he meant.
这两个不定式之间用连词as well as连接起来。
前面讲过as well as的意思。as well as意思是“除了......,......也”后面的意思是基础的意思,而as well as之前的那一层意思则是更深层次的,是作者想强调的意思。所以不能把它的意思简单地理解成and.
第二句是一个简单句。结构是主系表状。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文t
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文1. " It's like surgery, “ he says . 〃 We don't call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn f t intend to kill their patient, although they risked their death . If you' re a physician f you can risk your patient' s suicide as long as you don' t intend their suicide .”
结构:
•It' s like surgery, " he says .
•We [主]don' t call [if] those deaths homicides [宾]•原因状语从句:because the doctors [主]didn z t intend to kill [18]their patient [宾],
•方式状语从句:although they [主]risked [®] their death [宾].•条件状语从句:If you' re a physician ,
•主语:you [主]can risk [i胃]your patient' s suicide
•条件状语从句:as long as you [主]don' t intend [谓]their suicide [宾].
单词:
2021考研英语大纲 复习指导:状语从句与定语从句的区别
2021考研英语大纲复习指导:状语从句与定语从句的区别
2021考研英语大纲复习指导:状语从句与定语从句的区别
长难句解析是考研英语斩获高分的基础,而状语从句和定语从句又是考研英语长难句
中最常见的修饰附加成分,今天我们就来重点比较一下考研英语语法中状语从句和定语从
句的区别。首先大家必须搞清楚这两个概念的不同之处:状语从句,从本质上讲,就是用
连词将几个分句连接起来,用来表达分句之间特定的逻辑关系;而定语从句则是一种修饰
成分,用来修饰限定某一名词或代词,抑或是某一分句或句子。下面来看一下具体的比较:一、when引导的时间状语从句与定语从句
【解析】句子中when鼓励的就是定语从句,润色其先行词time。所以无法翻译成“当?时”。
【参考译文】在雇用合格人才变得越来越困难的时期,那些能够在雇用过程中消除站
不住脚的偏见的雇主,具有明显的优势。
【基准2】whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe 1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenenglishon thepage.
【解析】本句中的when引导的是时间状语从句,因为其前没有表时间的先行词,所
以这里应理解为“当?时”。
【参照译文】在20世纪60年代之前,当人们伏案写作时,即使受到教育不多的人也
崇尚一种高雅的风格,而从那之后,即使就是令人景仰的文章作品也在崇尚一种口语风格。
考研英语长难句:状语从句
考研英语长难句:状语从句
状语从句
状语从句(Adverbial Clause)指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组
引起。
1.时间状语从句【第1句】
(1)时间状语从句的定义
用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。
连接时间状语从句的连接词有:when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since...... 如果主句是一般将来时,从句只能用一般现在时表示将来意义。
(2)时间状语从句-从属连词
引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有when(当……时),while(在……期
间),as(当……,一边……一边……),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),since(从……以来),till/until(直到),whenever(无论何时),as soon as(一……就)等。注意:在时间状语从句中,不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时,而要用相应
的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。
2.地点状语从句【第2句】
地点状语从句通常由where,everywhere和wherever引导,用来表达主句的动作发生的场所,已经形成了固定的句型:
句型1:Where+地点从句,(there)+主句。
【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面时,there可
考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版yields
考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版
1、This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.
结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。since引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中,that做主语,makes做谓语,it做形式宾语,不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields则是真正的宾语(不定式短语内部to combine是主干,few farmers是宾语,with high yields是状语),possible做宾语补足语。this指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion译为“用…方法、方式”。
译文:这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏,高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去,而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。
2、Thus,a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories.
考研英语长难句译文及分析
考研英语长难句译文及分析
考研英语长难句译文及分析
But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless,
连词时间状语主语谓语宾语
phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.
宾语方式状语从句。
译文:但从19世纪的某个时期以来,越来越多的艺术家们开始认为快乐是无意义的、虚伪的,甚至让人生厌的,就像我们从华兹华斯笔下的“水仙花”到波德莱尔笔下的“恶之花”所经历的.转变那样。
分析:本句的主干是…more artists began seeing happiness as…。开头的连词but表转折,短语somewhere from the 19th century onward为时间状语。主句中,第一个as构成see…as…结构,表示“把……视为……”;第二个as为连词,引导方式状语从句,表示“正如……”。
In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize,
插入语让步状语从句
those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the in formation.
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析just as引导方式状从
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析just as引导方式状从
In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well, just as a book that is capable of increasing our understanding can also be read purely for the information it contains. (This proposition cannot be reversed: it is not true that every book that can be read for entertainment can also be read for understanding.)
【翻译】
实际上任何一本为了理解或者是为了信息而阅读的书也都可以为了娱乐而阅读。正如一本能够增进理解力的书也可以纯粹用来为它所包含的信息而阅读一样。(这个命题是无法逆转的,也就是说,我们不能说,任何一本用来娱乐的书,也可以用来增进理解力。)
【语法分析】
第一句是一个主从复合句。它的主干是any book can be read for entertainment.
that can be read for understanding or information是定语从句,修饰先行词book.
考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版aspiration
考研英语常考长难句与典型作文范文例句含译文翻译版
1、This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development, which means that, for the benefit of coming generations, leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.
解析:这个句子尽管有三个从句组成,但结构简单明了容易辨别,需注意单词词组的识记。
1.此句含有非限制性定语从句,宾语从句,插入语和状语从句;
2.which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中做主语,指代前面的先行句;
3.定语从句中包含一个that引导的从句做mean的宾语,且宾语从句中包含一句插入语(for…generations);
4.最后有一个so that引导的目的状语从句;
5.be enshrine in…:被载入……,被珍藏/铭记……
concept:n.概念,想法
sustainable development:可持续发展
generation:n.一代,代
address:v.从事,忙于,处理
fulfill:v.履行,实现
aspiration:n.愿望,抱负
翻译:
这一需要被正式载入可持续发展的概念之中,所谓可持续发展是指:为了子孙后代的利益,我们必须保留足够的生存环境空间,以满足他们的需要,施展抱负。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析非限定性定语从句
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析非限定性定语从句
Though strictly speaking, there can be no absolutely passive reading, many people think that, as compared with writing and speaking, which are obviously active undertakings, reading and listening are entirely passive.
【翻译】
尽管严格地说,可能没有绝对被动的阅读,很多人还是认为,正如与写和说相比较(这两者显然是主动的活动),读和听是完全被动的活动。
【语法分析】
这是一个主从复合句。从句是开头的从属连词though引导的让步状语从句,though there can be no passive reading.
主句是many people think...
在主句里,think后面跟的that从句是宾语从句,作think 的宾语。
大家看,that后面本来应该跟句子,也就是主语+谓语,这里却跟了as compared with...显然这是插入语,先不理它,先找句子,即reading and listening are entirely passive.
as compared with writing and speaking是比较状语。
而这个句子后面的which 从句则是一个非限定性定语从句,修饰writing and speaking.
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考研英语长难句翻译之四大状语从句
状语从句时考研翻译中很重要的一部分,几乎涉及到每一个长难句,所以我们有必要把状语从句单独拿出来解决。一般来讲状语从句的翻译相对简单,顺着句子的顺序去翻译就好了,但我们有时候还是会发现有些问题不是很好处理。
首先我们先看一下状语从句的特点。1.一般情况下,引导英语状语从句的从属连词,基本可以在汉语中找到相对应关联词,但有时不必翻译,因为引导汉语状语分句的关联词时常省略,有近50%的汉语复句中并不使用关联词语而且省略关联词的汉语句子更为精练。
2.英语状语从句的位置颇为灵活,置于主句之前或主句之后均可。汉语状语分句一般位于主句之前,只有偶尔才位于主句之后。
这是在翻译状语从句时总体来讲应该注意的问题,下面我们从状语从句的几个分支分别来看一下翻译。
(一)时间状语从句的翻译
1、译成与汉语完全对应的表示时间的状语
例:When they approached Trenton, lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christ mas parties were still going on.
当他们逼近屈兰敦时, 许多房子里仍然灯火通明,圣诞晚会还未结束。
由于英汉语言表达的习惯差异,通常汉语的状语从句位于句首,而英语的状语从句可前可后, 以后为多。汉语是一种意合的语言,汉语句子较少使用关联词。
2、翻译成固定(常规)句型
一般像由hardly (scarcely)…. when (before)…no sooner…than…as soon as …the moment(the instant )…just as…等短语连词引导的时间状语从句翻译成汉语时, 主句与从句通常要互换, 常常译成包含"刚(一)……就……"这种结构的句子。同样,包含该结构的汉语句子亦应翻译成英语中相对应的固定句式。
例:计算机刚一启动,就发现有病毒。
Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found.
As soon as she heard the news, she fainted.
3、译成并列分句
例:I was going home when I met Mary.
我正要回家, 就在这个时候,我碰到了玛丽。
4、转译为其他状语从句
英语状语从句有时它们的深层意义互相渗透,可以互相替换,需要转译。有些时间状语从句虽然形式上是由表示时间的引导词(如
when, before, until 等)引导,但根据句子逻辑意义来判断,应灵活翻译成表因果关系的从句,或者翻译为表条件的状语从句或表目的的状语从句。
When winds blow particles against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away.
由于风把砂粒刮起来, 碰撞大岩石,久而久之,较松软的岩石层就被慢慢地磨损。(---表原因的偏句)
(二)原因状语从句的翻译
英语原因状语从句通常由从属连词as, because, since 引导。所有的英语原因状语从句在汉语译文中通常位于句首,偶尔亦置于句末。汉语的原因状语从句翻译成英语时可位于译句句首,也可置于译句句末。
1、译成表示原因的分句
例:It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are "programmed" to do so.
人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题, 只是因为电脑给输入了解决问题的"程序"。
2、译为不带关联词、因果关系内含的并列分句
As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, and their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off.
众多家庭搬出安定的社区,离开交往多年的朋友,远离大家庭的其他成员, 日常信息来源就此切断。
(三)条件状语从句的翻译
1、译成相对应的表条件的分句
If the epidemic cannot be controlled effec tively, the whole country will come into chaos.
如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制, 整个国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。
2、译成不含关联词、内含条件关系的句子
If you melt two or more metals together, you can get a new metal.
将两种以上的金属熔化在一起就可产生一种新金属。
3、译成补充说明情况的分句
Be respectful to your superiors, if you have any, also to strangers, and sometimes to others.
要尊重你的上司,如果你有上司的话。对待陌生人,有时还有别人,也要尊重。
4、译成特定的条件分句
They might be prepared to trim production-but only if they are convinced it will firm prices 它们可能准备削减产量--但条件是必须先使这些产油国确信, 石油价格将保持稳定。
(四)让步状语从句的翻译
1、译成表示"让步"的分句
Although there are these cultural differences,the main engine propelling the separatist cause is economic.
尽管有文化差异,但是推动分裂主义进程的主要动力是经济因素。
2、译成表"无条件"的条件分句
汉语里有一种复句,前一分句排除某一方面的一切条件,后一分句说出在任何条件下都会产生同样的结果,也就是说结果的产生没有什么条件限制。这样的复句里的前一分,称之为"无条件"的条件分句,通常以whatever, wherever, whoever, whenever, no matter wh-为引导词, 通常翻译为以"不论" "无论" "不管" 等关联词。
Yet whenever I stopped by his hospital bedside, he was surrounded by visitors from his church, singing and praying.